Recommended
More Related Content
What's hot
What's hot (20)
Similar to Final project
Similar to Final project (20)
Recently uploaded
Recently uploaded (20)
Final project
- 1. ! Introduction:! ! I chose to do the majority of my assignment at The Columns of the Giants which was formed over four and a half billion years ago. In this presentation I will be going into detail with the location, geological background, and identification of rocks found in that area. I found all of the items that I will be discussing in the area of The Columns of the Giants on a yearly family camping trip that I recently went on. ! ! ! Columns of the Giants ! ! A Geological Study Geology 103! Field Assignment! Darci Drader! June 25, 2017
- 2. ! History and Background: The Columns of the Giants were created when lava flowed into an riverbed and as the deep lava slowly cooled, the molten rock hardened and shrank and caused splitting into vertical columns. During the first lava flow the straight columns were formed, the second flow twisted upper layers over the already cooled first layer. Shown in the picture below, you can see were the first layer of straight rocks were before the second layer came on top. (Grassman, 2017)! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !
- 3. ! Rock Identification #1:! ! At the bottom of the Column of Giants is a large pool of broken of rocks. Open examining that I realized that they are the igneous rock, Basalt. This rock commonly forms from lava flows and is a fine-grained rock that usually contains microscopic crystals. I had previous knowledge that The Columns of the Giants was created by lava flow, that is how I was able to identify these rocks as Basalt. (Peck, 2001)! ! ! !
- 4. Rock Identification #2:! Natural Bridges, Murphys, CA:! This is an example of the sedimentary rock, Limestone. This usually forms in clear, warm, and shallow water which is exactly what Natural Bridges has to offer. Some limestone is formed by direct precipitation of calcium carbonate from fresh water. I believe this is a travertine variety because that types is formed by evaporation and often found in caves. In the picture you can see that this is a very shallow river that runs through this cave, making the perfect place for limestone to develop. (Peck, 2001)! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !
- 5. Evolutionary Change #1:! Cray Fish:! ! Crayfish body fossils and burrows discovered in Victoria, Australia, have given the first physical evidence that they existed as far back as the Mesozoic Era. Even long ago they had an abdomen and two claws, and research say that by comparing fossils they can see that the behavior hasn’t changed much. The have always burrowed. (Emery, 2008)! Crayfish also molt, much like a snake sheds, so when it is growing it replaces its shell. ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !
- 6. Evolutionary Change #2:! ! Dogs:! ! The evolutionary changes in dogs stems directly from the gray wolf. This makes dogs as we know them more of a domesticated wolf. These evolutionary change happened about 140,000 years ago and made wolves begin to adapt to human society long before humans settled down and practiced agriculture. Dog these days can be trained to do just about anything you could want them to do.(Jezierski, 2017)! ! ! ! !
- 7. Evolutionary Change #3:! ! Ground Squirrel:! ! Ground squirrels are part of the Sciuridae family of rodents. They normally live in dry areas and travel alone. There is record of these animals from nearly 65 millions years ago during the Paleocene Epoch. They are also known for playing a significant part in many faunas of the Northern Black Sea area. They are currently populating the earth in mostly dry locations in the mountains and rural areas. (Popova, 2017)! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !
- 8. Steno’s Laws and Principle Example:! ! Law of Superpostion:! ! For this example, I am going to reference back to The Column of the Giants because it is a perfect example of Steno’s Laws and Principles. In this picture you can see that the bottom half of the formation has perfectly straight columns. Those rocks were formed first, making them much older than the formations that are on top of them. During the first lava flow that took place to create this site, the vertical columns occurred due to the lava of uniform composition and thickness cooling evenly from top to bottom. Later on when the second flow happened it left behind tilted upper layers over the already cooled first layer. (Grassman, 2017)! ! !
- 9. ! Unconformity Example:! ! Angular Unconformity: ! ! In this picture you can the sedimentary layer was deposited over eroded tilted or folded rock. This picture is from the beach near Venice and Los Angles. It shows a perfect example of an indication that during the pause in deposition, a period of deformation and erosion occurred. ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !
- 10. Work Cited! ! Emery. (2008, February 12). Oldest Australian Crayfish Fossils Provide Missing Evolutionary Link. Retrieved June 24, 2017, from https://www.sciencedaily.com/ releases/2008/02/080206175537.htm! ! Grassman. (n.d.). Retrieved June 24, 2017, from https://tchistory.org/TCHISTORY/ Wonders_3.htm! ! Jezierski, C. (n.d.). Retrieved June 24, 2017, from http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/evolution/ library/01/5/l_015_02.html! ! Peck, D. (2001). Retrieved June 24, 2017, from http://www.minsocam.org/msa/ collectors_corner/id/rock_key.htm! Popova, L. (n.d.). Project 1501. Retrieved June 24, 2017, from https://www.inqua.org/ habcom/projects/1501.html! ! !