1. UNIT 1: The earth
in the universe
Professor Ramon Batlle
Ciències de la Naturalesa 1r ESO
2. 1. The Universe
WHAT IS THE UNIVERSE?
The universe is all the space and matter that exist. And it has got a lot of
components.
In this part of the unit we will study this components.
3. 1. The Universe
WHICH SCIENCE STUDIES THE UNIVERSE?
The astronomy studies the universe, its components, its origin and its
evolution.
WHICH IS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN ASTRONOMY AND ASTROLOGY?
4. 1. The Universe
COMPONENTS OF THE UNIVERSE
A) THE GALAXIES
A collection of stars, planets, gas bound together by gravity.
Each galaxy may contain only a few hundred thousand stars or thousands of
billions of stars.
In the universe more than one thousand millions of galaxies.
5. 1. The Universe
COMPONENTS OF THE UNIVERSE
A) THE GALAXIES
The galaxy where is situated the solar system
and the earth is know as milky way. (Via
làctia)
6. 1. The Universe
COMPONENTS OF THE UNIVERSE
B) THE STARS
The stars are celestial bodies made by gas, generally hydrogen and helium,
which reacts to produce energy and light.
H2 He + Energy
The stars burn and die, in next slide we can see the evolution of the
stars.
9. 1. The Universe
COMPONENTS OF THE UNIVERSE
C) THE PLANETS
The planets are celestial bodies without light and always part of planetary
system. They always revolve around a star.
MOVEMENT OF THE PLANETS
Translation: Around one star.
Rotation: Around themselves.
10. 1. The Universe
COMPONENTS OF THE UNIVERSE
D) OTHER COMPONENTS
D.1: SATELLITES
Celestial body that revolves around a planet; a moon.
3 movements:
- Rotation
- Translation around the planet,
- Translation around the star together with the planet.
11. 1. The Universe
COMPONENTS OF THE UNIVERSE
D) OTHER COMPONENTS
D.2: COMETS
Comets are small, irregular shaped bodies that are composed primarily of gases.
It circles the sun in an orbit.
When a comet gets close enough to the sun, the frozen gasses melt and it forms
a tail.
12. 1. The Universe
COMPONENTS OF THE UNIVERSE
D) OTHER COMPONENTS
D.3: ASTEROIDS
Asteroids are small celestial bodies,
composed of rock or metals that orbit
a star.
The larger ones are also known as
planetoids.
13. 1. The Universe
COMPONENTS OF THE UNIVERSE
D) OTHER COMPONENTS
D.4: METEORITE
A stony or metallic mass of matter, that has fallen to a planet surface from outer
space.
Meteorites are believed to be fragments of comets and asteroids.
17. 3. The Solar system
A) THE SUN
B) MERCURY
Yellow star - 5500ºC – 1400 000
km of diameter
4878 km of diameter
T: 250ºC
No atmosphere
No satellites
18. 3. The Solar system
C) VENUS
D) EARTH
12104 km diameter
T: 460 ºC (greenhouse effect)
Atmosphere of CO2
No satellites
12756 km of diameter
T: 15ºC
Atmosphere: N2 and O2
Satellite: 1 – the moon
19. 3. The Solar system
E) MARS
F) JUPITER
6787 km diameter
T: -46 ºC (greenhouse effect)
Atmosphere of CO2
2 satellites: Fobos and Deimos
Composed by gas
143800 km of diameter (the biggest)
T: -110ºC
67 Satellites
20. 3. The Solar system
G) SATURN
H) URANUS
Composed by gas
120660 km diameter
T: -140 ºC
Characteristic Ring
62 satellites
Composed by gas
52290 km of diameter (the biggest)
T: -195ºC
It has dark rings
27 Satellites
21. 3. The Solar system
I) NEPTUNE
DWARF PLANETS
49500 km diameter
T: -200 ºC (greenhouse effect)
Atmosphere of CO2
14 satellites
Pluto since 2006 is not a planet
22. 3. The Solar system
ASTEROID BELT
KUIPER BELT
Between Mars and Jupiter (Thousands of asteroids)
After Neptune Orbit more than 800 celestial bodies
observed, such as Pluto.
23. 4. The Earth
ROTATION
The earth as all the planets turns on itself Day and night
1 day= 24 hours = 1 complete revolution
24. 4. The Earth
TRANSLATION
The earth as all the planets
revolves around the sun.
1 year= 365 days= 1 complete
revolution
