I. Today there are numerous discussions regarding a shortage in the organ-transplant market. More than 100,000 Americans are waiting for life-saving kidneys, livers, lungs, and other vital organs. The government doesn’t permit organ sales to occur. In 1984, Congress forbade the purchase or sale of human organs in the United States (the National Organ Transplant Act). Use the following sources to research this example of the price floor set at zero. Discuss your own conclusion regarding what should be done about organ shortage, including references to the sources you used. Located in Richmond, Virginia, the United Network for Organ Sharing (UNOS) is a non-profit, scientific and educational organization that administers the nation's only Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network established by the U.S. Congress in 1984. http://www.unos.org/ The U.S. Congress established the Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network (OPTN) when it enacted the National Organ Transplant Act (NOTA) of 1984. The act called for a unified transplant network to be operated by a private, non-profit organization under federal contract. http://optn.transplant.hrsa.gov/ The Center for Organ Recovery & Education (CORE) is a non-profit organization dedicated to promoting donation, education and research for the purpose of saving and improving the quality of life through organ, tissue and corneal transplantation. http://www.core.org/ II. What is full employment? Economists disagree about what full employment is and the best policies to achieve full employment. For two opposing points-of-view see position papers from the liberal Economic Policy Institute at: http://www.sharedprosperity.org/bp191.html and the conservative Heritage Foundation at: http://www.heritage.org/Research/Taxes/wm389.cfm Should the US aim to achieve a low unemployment target? List the arguments on each side of this debate. What are the strongest two arguments on each side? What policies are needed to achieve this target? What do you recommend? III. Imagine you come back to your economics class in the year 2050. How will the textbook describe money and banking? Based on trends you see today, make a prediction for the future of money. Explain why you think this trend will occur and how it will affect the US economy. For information on the currency now in circulation go to: http://www.treasury.gov/resource-center/faqs/Currency/Pages/edu_faq_currency_production.aspx And: http://www.federalreserve.gov/paymentsystems/default.htm And the Bureau of Engraving and Printing’s “fun facts about money” at: http://www.moneyfactory.gov/ IV. Manufacturers in the US want China to increase the value of the yuan. They say China undervalues their currency making their products cheap, thus undercutting American business. Some believe that this is why Americans are losing jobs. Wal-Mart and others believe it is a good thing though because it keeps prices low for the products they sell. Is low yuan value good for th.

1. I. Today there are numerous discussions regarding a shortage in
the organ-transplant market. More than 100,000 Americans are
waiting for life-saving kidneys, livers, lungs, and other vital
organs. The government doesn’t permit organ sales to occur. In
1984, Congress forbade the purchase or sale of human organs in
the United States (the National Organ Transplant Act).
Use the following sources to research this example of the price
floor set at zero. Discuss your own conclusion regarding what
should be done about organ shortage, including references to
the sources you used.
Located in Richmond, Virginia, the United Network for Organ
Sharing (UNOS) is a non-profit, scientific and educational
organization that administers the nation's only Organ
Procurement and Transplantation Network established by the
U.S. Congress in 1984. http://www.unos.org/
The U.S. Congress established the Organ Procurement and
Transplantation Network (OPTN) when it enacted the National
Organ Transplant Act (NOTA) of 1984. The act called for a
unified transplant network to be operated by a private, non-
profit organization under federal contract.
http://optn.transplant.hrsa.gov/
The Center for Organ Recovery & Education (CORE) is a non-
profit organization dedicated to promoting donation, education
and research for the purpose of saving and improving the
quality of life through organ, tissue and corneal transplantation.
http://www.core.org/
II.
What is full employment?
Economists disagree about what full employment is and the best
policies to achieve full employment.
For two opposing points-of-view see position papers from the
liberal Economic Policy Institute at:
http://www.sharedprosperity.org/bp191.html

2. and the conservative Heritage Foundation at:
http://www.heritage.org/Research/Taxes/wm389.cfm
Should the US aim to achieve a low unemployment target?
List the arguments on each side of this debate.
What are the strongest two arguments on each side?
What policies are needed to achieve this target?
What do you recommend?
III.
Imagine you come back to your economics class in the year
2050. How will the textbook describe money and banking?
Based on trends you see today, make a prediction for the future
of money. Explain why you think this trend will occur and how
it will affect the US economy.
For information on the currency now in circulation go to:
http://www.treasury.gov/resource-
center/faqs/Currency/Pages/edu_faq_currency_production.aspx
And:
http://www.federalreserve.gov/paymentsystems/default.htm
And the Bureau of Engraving and Printing’s “fun facts about
money” at: http://www.moneyfactory.gov/
IV.
Manufacturers in the US want China to increase the value of the
yuan. They say China undervalues their currency making their
products cheap, thus undercutting American business. Some
believe that this is why Americans are losing jobs. Wal-Mart
and others believe it is a good thing though because it keeps
prices low for the products they sell. Is low yuan value good for
the US because of low prices or is it costing too many
Americans their jobs? Use Google to search the subject of
currency manipulation for additional information to debate this
topic.

3. V
Driving a car has external costs. The health cost of pollution
alone has been estimated between $0.40 and $6.00 per gallon of
gasoline consumed. It is very difficult to measure the health
costs. We are uncertain which health problems pollution causes
and the cost of particular health problems are difficult to
measure. Should the external costs of driving cars be paid
through a tax on gasoline? Identify two strong arguments in
favor of such a tax and two strong arguments against such a tax.
VI
Taxes are a primary tool for redistributing income from the
wealthy to lower income earners. The economic impact of the
redistribution of income is a highly debated topic and arguments
are generally formed in the Tax Reduction/Increase debates.
The following two sites look at world income distribution and
provide a comparison over time
http://www.globalpolicy.org/social-and-economic-policy/global-
injustice-and-inequality/inequality-of-wealth-and-income-
distribution.html
And:
http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2007/02/
Data for the U.S. are also available from the Census Bureau at:
http://www.census.gov Search for income distribution. From the
Heritage Foundation, a conservative think tank, there are two
articles that address the impact of tax changes:
http://www.heritage.org/Research/Budget/wm1639.cfm
http://www.heritage.org/Research/Budget/wm1648.cfm
Running head: TITLE OF ESSAY 1
TITLE OF ESSAY 4

4. Title of Essay
Author’s Name
Grantham University
Abstract
Abstracts are research tools that can help you readers determine
if the scope of your article/essay will help them in their own
research. In APA, abstracts are typically 150-250 words in
length and provide an evaluative summary of the essay to
follow. The personal opinion of the author is strictly prohibited
in abstracts. Unlike a body paragraph, the first line of an
abstract is not tabbed-in. For many student essays, especially in
lower-numbers courses, an abstract will not be required; still, it
is good to practice this skill.

5. Title of Essay
In APA style, the introduction of the essay should begin
here, followed by the body paragraphs. APA is typically a more
formal style than most students are accustomed to using in a
writing course. For the purposes of this course, the level of
formality should be based on the assignment. For example:
APA asks that students always write in third person (avoiding
words such as I, me, we, our(s), you, your(s), etc). Certain
rhetorical modes, however, don’t cater well to third person
(narrative and reflection writing are two such examples). In
these situations, first person (I, me, we, our(s)) may be, and
should be employed; second person (you, your(s)) should be
avoided in all academic writing unless an essay is specifically
designed to relay instructions (there are few assignments that
will employ second person).
Like any essay, students should make sure their essays are
formatted with one inch margins, with their text exclusively in
Times New Roman 12-point font, and students should double
space their lines. This document can be downloaded and used
as a template wherein students may simply replace names, titles,
dates, and so on with their own information.
The final page of this document will demonstrate a
References page. If a student uses information from any source,
that source must be identified within the text and listed on a

6. References page. These citations should be listed in
alphabetical order and, opposite to the way a normal paragraph
works, the first line should be flush left and each following line
should be tabbed in. Though there is really no substitute for a
good APA Style Manual, students can refer to a citation
generator such as www.citationmachine.net to ensure proper
formatting. Any further questions should be directed to the
instructor of the course.
References
Badley, G. (2009). A place from where to speak: The university
and academic freedom. British
Journal of Educational Studies, 57(2), 146-163.
doi:10.1111/j.1467-
8527.2009.00429.x
Baumanns, M., Biedenkopf, K., Cole, J. R., Kerrey, B., & Lee,
B. (2009). The future of
universities and the fate of free inquiry and academic
freedom: Question and answer
session. Social Research, 76(3), 867-886. Retrieved from
EBSCOhost.
Berthoff, A. E. (2009). Learning the uses of chaos. In S. Miller
(Ed.), The Norton Book of
Composition Studies (pp. 649). New York: W. W. Norton &
Company.
Carroll, L. (2000) The Annotated Alice: The Definitive Edition.
M. Gardner (Ed.) NY: Norton. Elbow, P. (2000). Getting along
without grades—and getting along with them too. Everyone Can
Write: Essays Toward a Hopeful Theory of Writing and
Teaching Writing. NY: Oxford University Press.