ITS 832 Chapter 16 Analysis of Five Policy Cases in the Field of Energy Policy Information Technology in a Global Economy Overview • Introduction • Theoretical grounds of policy implementation • Approaches to policy implementation • Five case studies • Lessons learned • Conclusion Introduction • Population and burning fossil fuels • Factors of high pollution • Environmental policy is high priority • Most nations initiated projects to improve climate • Focus • Sustainable energy management • Renewable energy sources • Five case studies on climate change and energy use • Comparative investigation • What approaches are used? • How can implications be measured? • How easily can approaches be applied to other domains? Theoretical Grounds of Policy Implementation • Turning theory into practice • Policy implementation • Gaps often occur / Formulated versus implemented policy • Instruments for climate change policy • Financial measures • Legal / regulatory instruments • Organizational measures • Certificates or marketable permits / quotas • Policy instruments for renewable energy • Regulations and standards • Quantity instruments • Price instruments • Public procurement • Auction Approaches to Policy Implementation • Top-down • Policies are communicated from policy-makers • Bottom-up • Focus is on policy implementers • Macro- and micro-implementation • Macro - Government -> local authorities • Micro – Local government -> local polices • Principal-agent theory • Policy makers (principals) delegate responsibility to officials (agents) Investigating Five Case Studies • Assessing the EU Policy Package in Climate Change and Renewables • German Nuclear Phase-Out and Energy Transition Policy • KNOWBRIDGE: Cross-Border Knowledge Bridge in the RES Cluster in East Slovakia and North Hungary • KSR’s Strategy for the Use of Renewable Energy Sources • MODEL: Management of Domains Related to Energy in Local Authorities Lessons Learned • Main common focus • Renewable energy sources • Some projects defined clear goals • Dates • Quantifiable targets • Others focused on long-term strategies • Precise targets versus investigating issues • Biggest takeaway • Involving consumers in policy making increases implementation success Conclusion • Climate change and transition to RES is a serious issue • Awareness is growing • But not fast enough • Public policy is necessary to move away from fossil fuels • Projects show how RES can be possible and sustainable • However • Transition to RES is expensive • One reason for slow adoption ITS 832 Chapter 17 Challenges to Policy-Making in Developing Countries and the Roles of Emerging Tools, Methods and Instruments Information Technology in a Global Economy Overview • Analytical Centers in the Russian Federation • Situational Centers • State Automated System “Administration” • Other Policy-Making Tools andTechniques • Conclusions Analytical Centers in ...

1. ITS 832
Chapter 16
Analysis of Five Policy Cases in the Field of Energy Policy
Information Technology in a Global Economy
Overview
• Introduction
• Theoretical grounds of policy implementation
• Approaches to policy implementation
• Five case studies
• Lessons learned
• Conclusion
Introduction
• Population and burning fossil fuels
• Factors of high pollution
• Environmental policy is high priority
• Most nations initiated projects to improve climate
• Focus

2. • Sustainable energy management
• Renewable energy sources
• Five case studies on climate change and energy use
• Comparative investigation
• What approaches are used?
• How can implications be measured?
• How easily can approaches be applied to other domains?
Theoretical Grounds of Policy
Implementation
• Turning theory into practice
• Policy implementation
• Gaps often occur / Formulated versus implemented policy
• Instruments for climate change policy
• Financial measures
• Legal / regulatory instruments
• Organizational measures
• Certificates or marketable permits / quotas
• Policy instruments for renewable energy
• Regulations and standards
• Quantity instruments
• Price instruments
• Public procurement
• Auction

3. Approaches to Policy Implementation
• Top-down
• Policies are communicated from policy-makers
• Bottom-up
• Focus is on policy implementers
• Macro- and micro-implementation
• Macro - Government -> local authorities
• Micro – Local government -> local polices
• Principal-agent theory
• Policy makers (principals) delegate responsibility to officials
(agents)
Investigating Five Case Studies
• Assessing the EU Policy Package in Climate Change and
Renewables
• German Nuclear Phase-Out and Energy Transition Policy
• KNOWBRIDGE: Cross-Border Knowledge Bridge in the
RES Cluster in East Slovakia and North Hungary
• KSR’s Strategy for the Use of Renewable Energy Sources
• MODEL: Management of Domains Related to Energy in
Local Authorities

4. Lessons Learned
• Main common focus
• Renewable energy sources
• Some projects defined clear goals
• Dates
• Quantifiable targets
• Others focused on long-term strategies
• Precise targets versus investigating issues
• Biggest takeaway
• Involving consumers in policy making increases
implementation
success
Conclusion
• Climate change and transition to RES is a serious issue
• Awareness is growing
• But not fast enough
• Public policy is necessary to move away from fossil fuels
• Projects show how RES can be possible and sustainable
• However
• Transition to RES is expensive

5. • One reason for slow adoption
ITS 832
Chapter 17
Challenges to Policy-Making in Developing Countries and
the Roles of Emerging Tools, Methods and Instruments
Information Technology in a Global Economy
Overview
• Analytical Centers in the Russian Federation
• Situational Centers
• State Automated System “Administration”
• Other Policy-Making Tools andTechniques
• Conclusions
Analytical Centers in the Russian
Federation
• First generation of analytical systems for policy making
• 1970s –Chile

6. • Engaged stakeholders at all levels
• Nearly the same time
• Soviet Union
• Nationwide automated system – OGAS
• When the Soviet Union dissolved
• Russian Federation continued work in analytics
• Developed Analytic Centers, each with specific focus
Situational Centers
• Research matured in analytics
• Centers began to focus on classes of issues
• Situational centers emerged
• Analytics focused on specific government functions
• Share goal is to handle big data
• Most stored data is not used
• Situational centers attempt to use previously unused data
State Automated System
“Administration”
• Unified distribution of government data

7. • Collection and analysis
• Includes
• Classic BI processing
• OLAP processing
• Advanced analytics
• Supports decision making in government
• Three level structure
• Central
• Departmental
• Regional
Other Policy-Making Tools and
Techniques
Conclusions
• Situational centers
• Not integrated into decision making
• Currently mainly used in crisis situations
• Capabilities not leveraged
• Underutilized
• Limited funding for further research
• Centers are capable, but are not being utilized