Kubernetes 101 Workshop
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The Kubernetes 101 workshop at ContainerCamp AU 2017 (22 May 2017)
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Kubernetes 101 Workshop
- 1. KUBERNETES 101 HANDS ON WORKSHOP CONTAINER CAMP 22 MAY 2017
- 2. VISHAL BIYANI CTO & Founder at infraCloud technologies (www.infracloud.io ) https://twitter.com/vishal_biyani https://www.vishalbiyani.com 1st Kubernetes partner India 2nd in APAC region Rancher partner - APAC
- 3. InfraCloud has published a FREE eBook on “Scaling and deploying Kubernetes” http://info.rancher.com/deploying-scaling-kubernetes-ebook
- 4. TIMELINES Time (Minutes - total 180) Agenda 00 - 15 Introduction & Setting up 15 - 45 Quick walkthrough of concepts 45 - 95 3 concepts, code & labs - 15 minute each 95 - 100 Break 100 - 150 3 concept, code & labs - 15 min each 150 - 180 Open House
- 5. HAVE YOU? • You have worked with either of Puppet/Chef/Ansible/Salt? • You have used Docker • You have experience of one of: Kubernetes/Mesos/Swarm/Openshift?
- 6. TABLE OF CONTAINERS.. .. • What is Kubernetes, exactly? • How to setup a Kubernetes Cluster? • Various ways to get started with a Kubernetes cluster • Kubernetes Architecture • Kubernetes Concepts • POD, Deployments, Services, Labels & Selectors etc. • Kubectl Usage • Deploying app with Helm
- 7. KUBERNETES - THE BOOKISH DEFINITION • Kubernetes is an open-source platform for automating deployment, scaling, and operations of application containers across clusters of hosts, providing container- centric infrastructure (From http://kubernetes.io/docs/whatisk8s/) Open source project by Google Primarily targeted at containerized workloads Platform - automates deployment, scaling etc. Abstracts hosts and underlying infrastructure from you Portable - Run on public/private cloud, data center, your laptop - doesn’t matter Self - healing: It restarts, replaces, scales, monitors Containers Extensible - replace certain components if you want to. Extend with pluggable architecture
- 8. KUBERNETES HAS COMMON PATTERNS/DESIGNS Need to run related processes together in a shared context Integrating with underlying storage (Block or Bucket based) Check health of applications and maintain certain number of instances. Scale instances based on triggers. Load balancing between multiple instances of a container Provide easy and scalable way to locate and reach services (Aka service discovery and naming) Monitoring and log management Tagging and searching instances dynamically to do certain operations (For example list all web servers across all applications) Rolling updates, Canary deployments Everything is API based- so can be integrated with external systems.
- 9. SETTING UP KUBERNETES On Cloud & managed Google Container Engine StackpointCloud Tectonic from CoreOS Openshift SaaS DIY - any cloud/data center Kubeadm (official utility) DIY On steroids KOPS (Targeted to AWS) Kismatic from Apperanda Rancher - provides enterprise features, multi cluster support Redhat OpenShift - comes with complete lifecycle features Many more: http://kubernetes.io/docs/getting-started-guides Platform9
- 10. KUBERNETES ARCHITECTURE Image Source: info.rancher.com/deploying-scaling-kubernetes-ebook
- 11. Lab - Setup Kubernetes in GKE & laptop setup • GKE Cluster creation • Kubectl on Google Cloud Console • Checkout https://github.com/infracloudio/kubernetes-101
- 12. POD • Related containers together • Share same IP, port space & storage etc. • It’s a single unit for all practical purposes Code & Demo: Pod - create and destroy Pod nginx monolith NFSiSCSIGCE 10.10.1.100
- 13. POD - LAB
- 14. HEALTHCHECK Hey, app v1... You alive? Kubelet Pod app v1
- 16. DEPLOYMENT • Drive desired state • Maintain desired POD instances • Enable deployment mechanisms such as rolling deploy, Canary, pause/resume etc. Deployment ReplicaSet Pod
- 17. DEPLOYMENT LAB
- 18. ROLLING UPGRADE - DEPLOYMENT LAB
- 19. SERVICES • Provide a fixed endpoint for PODs irrespective of deletion/movement/modification of POD • Expose services/endpoints to outside cluster or to world • Services utilize labels to target PODs to represent
- 20. SERVICE TYPES ExternalName (Kubenretes 1.5 onwards) • Maps to a external provided CNAME like service.orgname.com ClusterIP (Default) • Exposes service only within cluster NodePort • Creates a ClusterIP + exposes the same port on every node/host. This is typically used if you want to use an external loadBalancer LoadBalancer • NodePort+Creates a LB in cloud provider (Such as ELB) and points to respective ports
- 21. SERVICES- LAB
- 22. LABLES AND SELECTORS Lables: “relase”:”1.4” “environment”:”QA” “app”:”billing” Selectors: env = prod release in (1.3, 1.4) app != payment • Classification mechanism • Lables • Tag things • Think like “roles” • Selectors • Filters & conditions
- 23. EXAMPLE Pod hello Pod hello labels: version: v1 track: stable labels: version: v1 track: test selector: “version=v1” selector: “track=stable” Pod hello Pod hello labels: version: v1 track: stable labels: version: v1 track: test
- 24. SECRETS & CONFIG MAPS • Secrets • Deliver sensitive data to intended target • ConfigMap • Configuration properties
- 25. NAMESPACES & NODES • Namespaces • Logically separate cluster • Nodes • Info about nodes
- 26. MORE TYPES Volume types for handling persistent data. They interact with cloud provider's storage. StatefulSet - for maanging clusters with strong identity requirements (Kafka, Elastic, Zookeeper etc.) DaemonSet - things which need to run on a set or all nodes of cluster. For example logging agents or Job - ensures a certain number of PODs execute the process and upon completion terminates. (For batch jobs)
- 27. HELM - PACKAGE MANAGER FOR KUBERNETES • Helm is a package manager for Kubernetes • Tiller - Repo Server • Chart - a package • Helm is the client for Tiller • Charts are in a repo (Typically some Git repo) • A chart - is set of manifests • The values can be defaulted to or overridden as input from user • A chart is released as a release so that it can be tracked.
- 28. HELM ON MY MACHINE • Configure ~/.kube/config file - verify with kubectl • ‘helm init’ - initializes all directories and standard repo • helm search WordPress • helm install --name cc-release stable/wordpress
- 29. HELM - LAB
- 30. RESOURCES • The workshop material & codelabs at https://github.com/GoogleCloudPlatform/kubernetes- workshops • http://kubernetesbyexample.com • info.rancher.com/deploying-scaling-kubernetes-ebook
- 31. Scalable Microservices with Kubernetes https://www.udacity.com/course/scalable-microservices-with-kubernetes--ud615
- 32. ধন্যবাদ! Dank je! Kiitos! આભાર! धन्यवाद! Grazie! Je vous remercie! ありがとうございました！ ਤੁਹਾਡਾ ਧੰਨਵਾਦ! நன்றி! ధన్యవాదాలు! നന്ദി! THANK YOU!
Editor's Notes
- Docker is running on every host Node Components: Kublet: manages the containers on that node and their storage, images etc. Kube-proxy - A simple proxy which is running a load balancer. Does TCp/UDP forwarding in simple RoundRObin fashion. Master Components (Might be on same node or different based on HA setup etc.) Etcd: Config data storage and events for changes in dataKube API Server: API layer with different components/plugins Scheduler: Works on scheduling & rescheduling a container to a node Controller manager server: There are various controllers like node controller does node management, endpoint controller takes care of exposing endpoints etc.
- Co-located set of containers One or more containers which need to run together -context they share the same storage, and a shared They share the IP and port space and are reachable to each other via localhost. They are always scheduled and handled together. The scaling applies to all containers in a POD PODs must not be created directly even if you just need one - why? We will know in next one
- Liveness probe & readiness probe
- RC Manages lifecycles of PODs. Ensures “n” instances of POD are always running (If less, increase. If more, kill) If a POD gets deleted from a replicas=3, another one is created. Even is a host machine/node gets terminated, RC will ensure that the PODs are scheduled elsewhere Selects the PODs which should be part of replica based on labels ReplicaSet is next generation of ReplicationController with additional features Deployment type is the current preferred method, which also provides: Rolling Deployment Strategy & Canary releasing MaxSurge & MaxUnavailable parameters to control the rolling deployment
- kubectl set image deployment/hello hello=kelseyhightower/hello:2.0.0
- A way of tagging containers with information which may be useful for whole lifecycle Think of them as roles - these are all my databases and these are my billing apps Selector leverages lables to classify - which is leveraged by Service, ReplicationController and even for querying Some objects support set based selectors (ReplicaSet, Job etc.)
- Secrets Secrets are meant to handle sensitive data - passwords etc. Although at the moment only B64 encoding is supported. Once a secret is created, it can be used in one of three ways: As an environment variable inside a container. The referenced secret’s variable are set as environment variable. As a file mount inside the container - mounts the decoded data inside the container. As a ‘imagePullSecret’ - which is used to fetch image from a private image registry.
- Node Nodes (Earlier called minions) as such are not created by Kubernetes - they are only managed Node controller manages lifecycle and monitors health of node and talks to underlying cloud provider to take appropriate action NameSpace A logical space within same cluster. Default cluster is “default” Good for organizing multiple teams/projects/units within same cluster.DNS names are appended by namespace names
- If you want a more in-depth overview (plus extra goodies like interviews with the former Cloud Architect of Netflix, Adrian Cockcroft, and code walkthroughs from Google’s Kelsey Hightower), go check out Udacity and Google’s free Kubernetes course: Scalable Microservices with Kubernetes. (The trailer is embedded in the slide -- feel free to play it.)