blood supply of face

1. Blood Supply
The face is richly
vascular, it is supplied
by :
• The facial artery
• Transverse facial
•Arteries that
accompany the
cutaneous
nerves

2. Facial Artery
It is chief artery of
face It is branch of
external carotid
artery
Two parts of facial
artery-
1.Cervical part- runs
downwards in the
neck

3. Branches of facial part
1. Inferior labial –
- supplies lower lip
2. Superior labial-
- supplies the upper
lip & the anteroinferior
part of the nasal septum.
3. Lateral nasal-
- supplies to the ala
& dorsum of the nose.

4. Transverse facial
Branch of superficial
temporal artery.
•After emerging from the parotid
gland, it runs forward over the
masseter between the parotid duct
& zygomatic arch.
•Accompanied by the upper
buccal branch of facial nerve.
•It supplies the parotid gland & its
duct
,the masseter & overlying skin.

5. Venous Drainage of Face
The venous blood from the face is
drained by two veins-
1. Facial vein
2. Retromandibular vein
Facial Vein
Formation- it is the largest vein
of the face
• At the medial angle of the eye
by the union of supratrochlear
and supraorbital veins,
angular vein is formed.

6. e
o
• Course- The angular
vein continues as the
facial vein , running
downwards and
backwards behind the
facial artery ,but with a
straighter course at
anteroinferior angl of
masseter.
• Here it pierces the deep
fasia, crosses superficial
to submandibular
gland and joins the
anterior division of
retromandibular vein
below the angle of the
mandible to form the
common facial vein,
which drains into the
internal jugular vein.

7. The facial vein
communicates with the
cavernous sinus
through the two routes:-
1. A communication between
the supraorbital and
superior ophthalmic vein.
2. Connection with the
pterygoid plexus through
the deep facial vein which
passes backward over the
buccinator
Facial vain – Deep facial vein
–pterygoid venous plexus–
Emissary vein –cavernous
sinus

8. Dangerous area of face
• Infection from face can spread in a retrograde direction and
cause thrombosis of the cavernous sinus.
• This is specially likely to occur in the presence of infection in the
upper lip
and in the lower part of the nose, this is known as dangerous area of
face.
• facial vein is connected to cavernous sinus through superior
ophthalmic vein & it provides a pathway for spread of infection from
face to cavernous sinus.

9. NERVE
SUPPLY
Each half of face
has
Sensory
Branches of
Trigeminal
Nerve 5th
cranial nerve
Motor
Branches
of Facial
nerve
7th cranial
nerve

10. Sensory
supplyCutaneous innervation of the face is by
Trigeminal nerve
Areas supplied :
-Ophthalmic zone includes tip and side of
the nose, upper eye lid and forehead
-Maxillary zone upper lip, part of the side
of nose, lower eye lid, cheeks and small
part of temple
-Mandibular zone include lower chin, skin
overlying mandible, part of pinna, external
acoustic meatus and temple

11. Clinical aspect
Trigeminal neuralgia

12. Facial
Nerve (Motor
supply)
It emerges from
stylomastoid foramen to
enter the parotid gland , it
supplies all muscles of
facial expression except
masseter.
Stylomastoid
Foramen

13. It runs within
substance of
parotid gland, it
divides into 5
terminal branches :
• Temporal- frontalis, auricular
muscles, orbicularis oculi
• Zygomatic- orbicularis
oculi
• Buccal – muscles of cheek and
upper lip
• Mandibular –muscles
Of lower lip
• Cervical -
platysma
Temporal
Zygomatic
Buccal
Mandibular
Cervical

14. Clinical
aspect
Infranuclear lesion
Also known as Bell’s Palsy
Clinical features :
• Whole face of the same side gets
paralysed.
• Face becomes asymmetrical
• Face drawn up to normal side
• Affected side is motionless
• Wrinkles disappear from the forehead
• Eye cannot be closed
• Any attempt to smile draws the mouth
to normal side
• During mastication ,food
accumulates between teeth and
cheek
• Articulation of labials is impaired.

15. Supra nuclear lesion
•They are usually
part of hemiplegia
•Only lower part of
opposite side of face
is paralysed
•Upper part of
frontalis and
orbicularis oculi
escapes
•due to its bilateral
representation in the
cerebral cortex

16. Lymphatic Drainage of the
Face
The face has 3 lymphatic territories-
1. Upper territory- Preauricular (parotid)
nodes
Including:
• The greater part of the forehead
• Lateral halves of the eylids
• The conjunctiva
• Lateral part of the cheek
• Parotid area

17. Middle territory-
Submandibular
nodes
• Median part of the
forehead
• External nose
• Upper lip
• Lateral part of lower lip
• Medial halves of eyelids
• Medial part of cheek
• Greater part of the lower
jaw

18. Lower territory –
Submental nodes
• Central part of the
lower lip
• Chin

20. Thank
you