Recommended
More Related Content
What's hot
What's hot (20)
Similar to Mid brain
Similar to Mid brain (20)
Recently uploaded
Recently uploaded (20)
Mid brain
- 1. DR UPENDRA BHARDWAJ GUIDE DR SUDHEER KUMAR TYAGI HOD NEUROSURGERY DEPARTMENT INDRAPRASTH APOLLO HOSPITAL NEW DELHI
- 2. • THE MIDBRAIN, OR MESENCEPHALON (PLURAL: MESENCEPHALA OR MESENCEPHALONS), IS THE MOST ROSTRAL PART OF THE BRAINSTEM AND SITS ABOVE THE PONS AND IS ADJOINED ROSTRALLY TO THE THALAMUS. DURING DEVELOPMENT, THE MIDBRAIN FORMS FROM THE MIDDLE OF THREE VESICLES THAT ARISE FROM THE NEURAL TUBE. • WHEN VIEWED IN CROSS-SECTION, THE MIDBRAIN CAN BE DIVIDED INTO THREE PORTIONS: • TECTUM (POSTERIOR) • TEGMENTUM • CEREBRAL PEDUNCLES (ANTERIOR)
- 4. SECTION AT SUPERIOR COLLICULUS • COLLICULUS MEANS HILL • SUBESTENTIA NIGRA • RED NUCLEUS • EDINGER WESTFAL NUCLEUS • 3RD NERVE NUCLEUS • MESENCEPHALIC NUCLEUS OF V NERVE • MEDIAL LONGITUDINAL FASCICULUS • SPINAL LAMINISCUS • MEDIAL LAMINISCUS • CEREBRAL PEDUNCLE
- 12. RED NUCLEUS
- 17. SUBSTANTIA NIGRA • SUBSTANTIA NIGRA IS LATIN FOR "BLACK SUBSTANCE", REFLECTING THE FACT THAT PARTS OF THE SUBSTANTIA NIGRA APPEAR DARKER THAN NEIGHBOURING AREAS DUE TO HIGH LEVELS OF NEUROMELANIN IN DOPAMINERGICNEURONS.
- 18. SUBSTANTIA NIGRA
- 21. EDINGER-WESTPHAL NUCLEUS • THE EDINGER–WESTPHAL NUCLEUS (ACCESSORY OCULOMOTOR NUCLEUS) IS THE PARASYMPATHETIC PRE-GANGLIONIC NUCLEUS THAT INNERVATES THE IRIS SPHINCTER MUSCLE AND THE CILIARY MUSCLE.
- 23. MESENCEPHALIC NUCLEUS OF TRIGEMINAL NERVE
- 26. MEDIAL LEMNISCUS
- 27. SPINAL LEMNISCUS
- 34. TROCHLEAR NERVE
- 36. PERIAQUEDUCTAL GRAY MATTER • LOCUS COERULEUS • CENTRAL TEGMENTAL NUCLEUS • NUCLEUS RAPHE
- 37. LOCUS COERULEUS
- 38. DORSAL TEGMENTAL NUCLEUS • THE DORSAL TEGMENTAL NUCLEUS (DTN), ALSO KNOWN AS DORSAL TEGMENTAL NUCLEUS OF GUDDEN (DTG), IS A GROUP OF NEURONS LOCATED IN THE BRAIN STEM, WHICH ARE INVOLVED IN SPATIAL NAVIGATION AND ORIENTATION.
- 40. NUCLEUS RAPHE
- 43. • MIDBRAIN INFARCT • BENEDIKT SYNDROME • CLAUDE SYNDROME • NOTHNAGEL SYNDROME • WEBER SYNDROME •
- 44. • BENEDIKT SYNDROME, OR PARAMEDIAN MIDBRAIN SYNDROME, IS A MIDBRAIN STROKE SYNDROME THAT INVOLVES THE FASCICLES OF THE OCULOMOTOR THE RED NUCLEUS. PAGE: • CLINICAL PRESENTATION • IPSILATERAL CN III PALSY • CROSSED HEMIATAXIA • CROSSED CHOREOATHETOSIS • PATHOLOGY • IT IS USUALLY CAUSED BY AN ISCHEMIC STROKE, TYPICALLY INVOLVING THE POSTERIOR CEREBRAL ARTERY
- 46. • CLAUDE SYNDROME IS ONE OF THE BRAINSTEM STROKE SYNDROMES IN WHICH THERE IS INFARCTION OF THE DORSOMEDIAL ASPECT OF THE MIDBRAIN. • CLINICAL PRESENTATION • CLINICAL PICTURE IS CHARACTERISTIC AND INCLUDES PALSY AND CONTRALATERAL UPPER AND LOWER LIMB ATAXIA 1-4. • PATHOLOGY • CLAUDE SYNDROME IS GENERALLY CAUSED BY AN ISCHEMIC OCCLUSION OF THE SMALL PERFORATING BRANCHES OF THE POSTERIOR ARTERY SUPPLYING THE DORSOMEDIAL ASPECT OF THE MIDBRAIN 1-4. THE INVOLVES THE MEDIAL ASPECT OF THE RED NUCLEUS WITH THE RUBRODENTATE III NUCLEUS AND SUPERIOR CEREBELLAR PEDUNCLE 1-4.
- 47. • NOTHNAGEL SYNDROME IS A RARE MIDBRAIN SYNDROME THAT INVOLVES THE TECTUM OF THE MIDBRAIN (QUADRIGEMINAL PLATE) AND SUPERIOR CEREBELLAR • CLINICAL PRESENTATION • CLASSICALLY, THE SYNDROME INVOLVES THE OCULOMOTOR NERVE FASCICLES CEREBELLAR PEDUNCLE, LEADING TO IPSILATERAL CN III PALSY AND LIMB RESPECTIVELY • PATHOLOGY • ALTHOUGH IT CAN BE CAUSED BY STROKE, ESPECIALLY HEMORRHAGES RATHER INFARCTIONS, IT IS MORE COMMONLY SEEN DUE TO NEOPLASM EXTENDING PLATE INTO THE SUPERIOR CEREBELLAR PEDUNCLES.
- 48. • WEBER SYNDROME IS A MIDBRAIN STROKE SYNDROME THAT INVOLVES THE CEREBRAL PEDUNCLE AND THE IPSILATERAL FASCICLES OF THE OCULOMOTOR NERVE OCCASIONALLY THE SUBSTANTIA NIGRA CAN ALSO BE INVOLVED • CLINICAL PRESENTATION • IPSILATERAL CN III PALSY • DIPLOPIA • PTOSIS • AFFERENT PUPILLARY DEFECT • CONTRALATERAL HEMIPLEGIA OR HEMIPARESIS • INVOLVEMENT OF THE CORTICOSPINAL AND/OR CORTICOBULBAR TRACTS • CONTRALATERAL PARKINSONIAN RIGIDITY (ONLY IF SUBSTANTIA NIGRAINVOLVED) • PATHOLOGY • IT IS USUALLY CAUSED BY AN ISCHEMIC STROKE, TYPICALLY INVOLVING BRANCHES THE POSTERIOR CEREBRAL ARTERY
- 50. ALL WE HAVE IS “NOW” THANK YOU