ssc chapter no-1 Physical division of India

1. PHYSICAL DIVISION OF INDIA

2. INTRODUCTION
• India, our homeland, is a
great country in terms of
it’s geography and history.
• It has been well known for
it’s cultural and
commercial prosperity for
a long time.
• The Aryan assimilation
with the earlier Dravidian
inhabitants has formed the
classical Indian culture.
Arabs came to India in the
8th century and Turks in
the 12th century followed
by European traders in the
late 15th century.

3. INTRODUCTION
• India is a land of a great
diversity.
• It has a large extent and
geographical variations which
are reflected by the variety of
natural resources.
• It spreads from the snowy
ranges of the Himalayas in the
north to Kanniyakumari in the
south.
• India has plenty of natural
resources like sunshine, fertile
soil, water, minerals,
vegetation, animal life etc.
• All these together contribute to
the progress of our homeland.

4. INTRODUCTION
• The name Bharat is accepted
by the Constitution of India as
the official name for the
country.
• India is a democratic country
which is divided into 28 states
and 7 union territories for the
convenience of administration
and regional development.
• Rajasthan is the largest State
in terms of area followed by
Madhya Pradesh and
Maharashtra, whereas Goa is
the smallest state of India.

5. LOCATION & EXTENT
I) India lies in the Northern & Eastern
Hemispheres. It has a central position in the
southern part of the Asian continent. The tropic
of Cancer passes through the central part of
India.

6. LOCATION & EXTENT
II. The latitudinal extent of mainland India is
form 8º 4´28´´ to 37º 6´53´´ North. Thus its
latitudinal extent is 29º 2´25´´. Away from the
mainland the southernmost tip of India is
Indira Point which is in the Nicobar Island. It
is located at 6º 45´ north latitude. Latitudinal
extent has impact on rainfall, temperature and
duration of days and nights.

7. LOCATION & EXTENT
III. The difference between the longest and
shortest day near Kanniyakumari is about 45
minutes whereas this difference is nearly 4
hours in Leh and Ladakh.

8. LOCATION & EXTENT
IV. India’s longitudinal extent is from 68º 7´33´´
to 97º 24´47´´ East. Thus it’s longitudinal
extent is 29º 17´14´´. Local time, sunrise,
sunset etc., are determined by longitudinal
extent.

9. LOCATION & EXTENT
V. The difference in the time of sunrises at
kibithu village in Arunachal Pradesh in the east
and Ghuar Mota (near Sir Creek) in Gujarat in
the west is about 116 minutes. The meridian of
longitude 82º 30´ East, which passes through
Allahabad is taken as our standard meridian.

10. LOCATION & EXTENT
VI. India’s standard time (IST) is determined as
per local time of this longitude.

11. LOCATION & EXTENT
VII. The Indian Ocean is the only ocean in the
world that has been named after a country.

12. LOCATION & EXTENT
VIII. India is the seventh-largest country in the
world, with the total land area of 32,87,263
square kilometers. The distance from the
western most point in Gujarat to the eastern
most point in Arunachal Pradesh is about 2,993
kilometer while the distance between the
northern most point in Kashmir and the
southern most mainland point is about 3,214
kilometer. It has a land frontier of about 15,200
km and a coastline of about 7,517 km.

13. SURROUNDING NATIONS
LAND FRONTIER
Name of the country States sharing the land boundary Length of border
shared
(in percentage)
Pakistan Gujarat, Rajasthan, Punjab, Jammu and
Kashmir.
22.00
Afghanistan Jammu and Kashmir. 00.70
China Jammu and Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh,
Uttarakhand , Sikkim, Arunachal Pradesh.
23.00
Nepal Uttarakhand, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, West
Bengal, Sikkim.
12.00
Bhutan Sikkim, West Bengal, Assam, Arunachal
Pradesh.
04.50
Myanmar Arunachal Pradesh, Nagaland, Manipur,
Mizoram
10.80
Bangladesh West Bengal, Assam, Meghalaya, Tripura,
Mizoram
27.00

14. SURROUNDING NATIONS
WATER FRONTIER
India is bounded by the Arabian Sea in the west
and southwest, the Bay of Bengal in the east
and southeast and the Indian Ocean in the
south. Kanniyakumari is the southern tip of the
Indian peninsula. Sir Lanka is separated from
India by the Gulf of Mannar and the narrow
channel of Palk Strait.