Important

2. E N E R G Y
• Ability or capacity to do work
• Prime mover of economic growth
• Indicates the prosperity of the country
• Measured by ‘per capita power
consumption’
• India ranks 8th in the world in Total
Power Consumption

3. Total Consumption
= 8 82 592 GWh

5. COMPOUND ANNUAL GROWTH RATE
OF
ENERGY PRODUCTION from PRIMARY SOURCES

6. WHY ENERGY AUDITING AND
MANAGEMENT SO IMPORTANT ?
 Key for economic revolution of any country
 To minimise the consumption of fossil fuel
which are depleting at faster rate
 To curtail the emission of GHGs
 To cut down the investment required for power
generation
 It improve the efficient use of Energy

7. E N E R G Y E F F I C I E N C Y
• Energy efficiency is “ using less energy to provide
same service or product “.

9. P O T E N T I A L E N E R G Y
Energy posses because of its position or
configuration
Ep = [ mass x gravitational acceleration x height ]
The various form of potential energy are:
(i) Chemical Energy
(ii) Nuclear Energy
(iii) Stored Mechanical Energy
(iv) Gravitational Energy
1

10. (i) Chemical Energy:
 Energy stored in the bonds of atoms and
molecules and released as heat in a chemical
reaction
 Expressed as kJ / kg or kJ / mol
 Some examples are : biomass, petroleum, coal ,
propane and natural gas.
(ii) Nuclear Energy :
 Energy stored in a nucleus of an atom
 En = mass x speed of light squared = mc2
C o n t d . ,

11. (iii) Stored Mechanical Energy :
 Energy stored in objects by the application of
a force
 Compressed Springs and Stretched Rubber
Bands are examples of stored mechanical
energy
(iv) Gravitational Energy :
 Energy of place or position
 Water in a reservoir behind a Hydropower
dam
C o n t d . ,

12. K I N E T I C E N E R G Y
Energy a body possessed by virtue of motion
or velocity
E = [ half x mass x velocity squared = ½ mv2 ]
The various form of kinetic energy are
(i) Radiant Energy
(ii) Thermal Energy
(iii) Motion Energy
(iv) Sound Energy
(v) Electrical Energy
2

13. i) Radiant Energy :
Electromagnetic energy that travels
in transverse waves
eg : Solar Energy
ii) Thermal Energy :
Internal energy in a substance due to
vibration and movement of atoms
and molecules within the substances
eg : Geothermal Energy
C o n t d . ,

14. iii) Motion Energy :
The movement of objects or substance
from one place to another in motion
Eg : Wind and Hydropower
iv) Sound Energy :
Sound is the movement of energy
through substance in longitudinal waves.
v) Electrical Energy :
Movement of electrons
C o n t d . ,

15. T Y P E S O F E N E R G Y
1. Primary and Secondary Energy
2. Commercial and Non –
Commercial Energy
3. Renewable and Non -
Renewable Energy

16. P R I M A R Y E N E R G Y
• Energy extracted or captured directly from
natural resources.
• It is generally express in toe (tonnes of Oil equivalent).
• 1 toe = 10 GCal = 1 1 6 3 0 kWh = 4 1 8 7 0 MJ
PRIMARY
ENERGY
RENEWABLE ENERGY
NON – RENEWABLE
ENERGY
1

17. PRIMARY ENERGY CONSUMPTION
M t o e

18. S E C O N D A R Y E N E R G Y
• Primary energy such as coal, oil and gas are
not so effective in many industrial
applications.
• Primary energy is transformed in energy
conversion process to more convenient form
of Secondary Energy such as steam and
electricity.
Secondary Energy is the extracted
product of Primary Energy

19. VARIOUS PRIMARY AND SECONDARY
ENERGY RESOURCES

20. COMMERCIAL ENERGY
 Energy that is available in the market for a
definite price
 No matter what the method of energy
production
 The most pre dominant commercial energies
are Electricity, Coal, Refined Petroleum
Products and Natural Gas
2

21. NON – COMMERCIAL ENERGY
• Any kind of energy which is sourced within a Community
and its surrounding area and not normally traded in the
commercial market.
• Non – commercial energy is often ignored in compiling a
country ‘s energy statistics.
• They are also called as traditional fuels
• Some of non - commercial energy are
 Firewood and agro in rural area
 Solar energy for water heating, drying grain and fish
 Animal power for transport, lifting and irrigation
 Wind energy for water lifting and electricity generation

22.  Renewable energy is
the energy obtained
from natural sources
which are essentially
inexhaustible
 It can be utilized without
release of harmful
pollutants
3

23. R E N E W A B L E E N E R G Y
Matured Technologies :
Wind / Solar / Biomass / Biomethanation
Researched :
Geothermal / O T E C / Wave / T I D E L
Candidate Fuels of Future :
Nuclear / Fuel Cell / H2

24. R E S C E N A R I O – I N D I A
No Power Source Installed Capacity MW % Contribution
1 Wind 2 1 9 9 6 . 7 8 6 7 . 0
2 Biomass / Cogeneration 4 0 5 4 . 3 5 1 2 . 4
3 Small Hydro 3 8 5 6 . 6 8 1 1 . 7
4 Solar 2 7 6 5 . 8 1 8 . 4
5 Waste to Energy 1 0 6 . 5 8 0 . 3
T o t a l 3 2 7 8 0 . 4 0 1 0 0
Biomass / Cogeneration 1 2 . 4 %
Wind 6 7 . 1 %
Waste to Energy
0.3 %
Solar 8 . 4 %
Small Hydro 6 7 . 1 %

26. N O N - R E N E W A B L E E N E R G Y
Natural resources
which cannot be
produced
Deplete with time
Consume much
faster than created

27. C O A L
 Most abundant and geographically dispersed
fossil fuel – available in almost every country
 Total recoverable reserves in around 7 0
countries – almost 8 2 6 billion tonnes of
proven coal reserves worldwide
 It is exist in various form such as
 Peat  Brown Coal ( Lignite )
 Sub – bituminous  Bituminous
 Anthracite

29. W O R L D C O A L R E S E R V E S
Coal only can last around 122 year at current rates of production

30. C
O
A
L
R
E
S
E
R
V
E
S

31. C O A L A N D L I G N I T E
S C E N A R I O O F I N D I A

32. O I L
 2nd highly consuming fossil fuel next
to coal
 Total reserves was estimated
by 1 2 5 8 billion barrels by
end of 2 0 0 8
1 barrel = 1 6 0 litres
 Saudi Arabia was the largest
oil producer among middle east
countries in the world ( 2008 )
 World oil reserves are
estimated to last for 42 years
only

33. W O R L D O I L S C E N A R I O

34. I N D I A O I L S C E N A R I O

35. N A T U R A L G A S
 It is a gaseous fossil fuel consisting
primarily of methane with small
quantity of ethane, propane, butane
and pentane
 It ranks 3rd next to crude oil and coal
 The global proven reserves was
about 185 trillion cubic metres by the
end of 2008
World natural gas reserves are estimated to
last for 6 0 years only

36. WORLD NATURAL GAS SCENARIO
Rest of World
35 %
Russia 23 %
Saudi Arabia
4 %
Iran 16 %
U A E 4 %
Qatar 1 4 %
Natural Gas Proved Reserves
(185.02 Trillion cubic metres by end 2008 )

37. E L E C T R I C I T Y A C T 2 0 0 3
• Seek to transform and develop the electricity
sector by distancing Government from the task
of regulation
• Earlier, Electricity supply in India was governed
by
(i) Indian Electricity Act 1 9 1 0
(ii) Electricity supply Act 1 9 4 8
(iii) Electricity Regulatory Commissions
Act , 1 9 9 8

38. O B J E C T I V E O F A C T 2 0 0 3
1. Consolidate the Laws Relating to Generation,
Transmission, Distribution, Trading and use of
Electricity
2. Constitute Central Electricity Authority ( C E A ),
Regulatory Commission
3. Take measures for Development of Electricity
Industry
4. Promote Competition
5. Ensure Transparent Policies on Subsidies
6. Promote Efficient and Environmentally benign
Policies

39. M A I N F E A T U R E S
 Recognition of electricity trading as a
distinct activity
 Re – structuring of S E B s
 Supply of electricity to all areas with
specific provision to rural areas
 Rationalization of Electricity Tariff
 Stringent provisions for grid discipline
violation and power theft
 Open Access in Transmission

40. ROLE OF GOVERNMENT
 Prepare National Electricity Policy and Tariff
Policy focus on rural areas permitting stand alone
systems
 Extend supply of electricity to all villages /
hamlets
 No license is required for generation and
distribution in rural areas
 Subsidy provided by Central / State Government

41.  Generation from Non – Conventional Sources
/ Co – generation is promoted
 Metering of all electricity supplied made
mandatory
 Distribution licensees are free to undertake
generation and generating companies are
allowed to take up distribution business
 Private licensee are allowed in transmission
 State Regulatory Commission made a
mandatory

42.  Technical adviser to CERC as well as SERC
 Technical advisor of Govt. of India /
state government with the responsibility
of overall planning
 Stipulate Technical Standard for
electricity plants and electrical lines
 Specify the safety standards
R O L E O F C E N T R A L E L E C T R I C I T Y
A U T H O R I T Y ( C E A)

43.  Consumer to be given connection within
stipulated time
 Penalty in case of failure to give
connection
 Licensees are required to meet standards
of performance specified by Regulatory
Commission
 Failure to meet standards makes them
liable to pay compensation to affected
person
C O N S U M E R

44. The Tariff Policy has been notified by
Government of India on 6th January, 2006
under the provisions of section 3 of the
Electricity Act, 2003.
 Ensure availability of electricity to
consumers at reasonable and competitive
rates.
T A R I F F P O L I C Y

45.  Promote competition, efficiency in operations
and improvement in quality of supply.
 Ensure financial viability of the sector and
attract investments.
 Promote transparency, consistency and
predictability in regulatory approaches across
jurisdictions and minimize perceptions of
regulatory risks.
C o n t d . ,

46. E N E R G Y C O N S E R V A T I O N A C T
The Energy Conservation Act, 2001
provides for the Legal Framework,
Institutional Arrangement and a
Regulatory Mechanism at the Central and
State Level to embark upon Energy
Efficiency drive in the country.

47. S A L I E N T F E A T U R E S
 Standards and Labeling
Ensure that only energy efficient equipment and appliance
would be made available to the consumers.
 Designated Consumers ( D C )
o Notify energy intensive industries and other
establishments.
o Get an energy audit conducted
o Appoint Energy managers
o Comply with norms and standards of energy
consumption
 Certification of Energy Managers and Accreditation of
Energy Auditing Firms

48. E C A C T 2 0 1 0 ( A M E N D M E N T )
 Central Government may issue the energy savings
certificate (ECerts) to the DC whose energy
consumption is less than the prescribed norms and
standards in accordance with the procedure.
 The DC whose energy consumption is more than the
prescribed norms and standards shall be entitled to
purchase the energy savings certificate to comply with
the prescribed norms and standards

49.  EC Act 2003 made significant impact on renewable
energy
 Renewable Portfolio Standard ( R P S ) is a policy
instrument ensures that a minimum amount of
renewable energy is included in the portfolio of
resources
 Retail seller of electricity has to include a certain
proportion of power from renewable energy
resources as per R P S
R E N E W A B L E E N E R G Y

50. • Objectives for Indian Energy
Policy
 A c c e s s f o r a l l
 R e l i a b i l i t y
 L o w C o s t
 L o w C a r b o n
 E n e r g y S e c u r i t y