First Nation Directors

First Nation Directors
First Nation Directors of Education Association
The Forum provided a space to initiate the discussion of the creation of a First Nation Directors of Education Association. Similar institutions have been
created for other professional designations, including the First Nations Health Managers Association (FNHMA) and the Aboriginal Financial Officers
Association of Canada (AFOA Canada), which were spearheaded by the AFN.
Terry Goodtrack, President and CEO of AFOA Canada, and Darren McKee, Executive Director of the Saskatchewan School Boards Association,
presented on the potential creation of a First Nation Directors of Education Association. The discussion allowed participants to hear the benefits and
challenges of having such an organization, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The feedback received on this proposition was mixed; however, the majority of delegates showed support for such an Association. Those in favour of
the creation of such an organization believed that uniting leaders in this field would be beneficial for the future of First Nations education, and
encouraged the harmonization of resources and practices. Other supporters felt that coming together as a single entity would create a stronger voice in
advocating for policy changes, and that creating a united front for First Nations educators was very necessary. Those who were hesitant to support the
NIEC's plan cited funding issues and the cost of membership as a potential barrier, as well as the limitations of only including Directors of Education,
and suggested a broader catchment including local leadership, principals and educators to increase the efficacy of the authority that such an
organization would bear. A further concern raised was the issue of diversity and the differing needs by region, which could hinder the decision making
processes of a potential association. Additional research, planning, and consultation must be undertaken in order to provide accurate and complete
information to potential Association members, and to gain full support from all
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First Nation Source Analysis
Kalied Taglobe
Ms. Paquette
Social Studies 10
May 18, 2017
Historic Globalization
In the first source, the narrator is sharing a message to the reader, of how he doesn't know what group he belongs to, because he is "hanging in the
middle of two cultures", as mentioned in the source. This supports marginalization, which is when you are pushed to the outskirts of society and you
feel like an outsider. "Being put between two walls in a room and left hanging in the middle". In this excerpt from the text, the narrator means the
purpose of residential schools were to take First Nation children from their families and use drastic methods to remove the First Nation's culture and the
ways they were taught. Children physically died from beatings, but also died on the inside as a result of torture, because of how they were brought up
and because they were not white.
Source two is a poster by the Canadian Government (2002–2003) trying to confront the past of residential schools. This is an example of truth and
reconciliation which is when the government looks at its wrongdoing in the past and tries to make peace with who they did wrong in this case they did
the First Nations wrong with taking First Nation children and would force them to forget ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Source one and source two are similar in a way they both involve First Nations children and residential schools. Source one says, "When an Indian
comes out of these (schools), it's like being put between two walls in a room and left hanging in the middle." This shows assimilation because the First
Nations were forced to forget their culture, through schools that dismissed their cultural ways, in order to change to the European culture. As well,
source two in the poster explains "Healing the legacy of Residential Schools" in order to apologize for the eurocentric ways that negatively affected the
First

First Nations Research Paper
"It has been said, 'time heals all wounds.' I do not agree. The wounds remain. In time, the mind, protecting its sanity, covers them with scar tissue and
the pain lessens. But it is never gone." I believe these words from Rose Fitzgerald Kennedy accurately describe the pain and grief First Nations who
were affected by residential schools went through. The preponderance of Canadians is not educated on Indian residential schools. Now, the government
has realized they were doing wrong and are trying to compensate for the major mistakes they have made. Although the government is trying to reconcile
with First Nations, their attempt at doing this may not be meeting the needs of everyone in the process. While some of the problems caused by
residential ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This goes against the Canadian Human Rights Act, and is technically against the law. These problems include the unsuitable living conditions of
most First Nations, and the unsolved cases of murdered and missing First Nations women. The living conditions of some First Nations families
consist of small houses for many people, no running water, no plumbing, mold in the structure, unstable structure, and even homes that don't have
heating. Problems like this can make life very hard for these people and can pose threats to their health. The amount of potable water for First
Nations reserves or communities is very scarce. Some communities have been under a boiling water advisory for many years. Not supplying these
people with proper living conditions is very cruel and needs to be changed. As for the unsolved cases of murdered and missing First Nations women,
this is just very inconsiderate. Police officers and investigators are neglecting these cases and not really trying their best to solve them just because
they are First Nations. This is very unfair and is considered discrimination. In the Canadian Human Rights Act it says that, "the prohibited grounds of
discrimination are race, national or ethnic origin, colour, religion, age, sex, sexual orientation, marital status, family status, disability and conviction
for an offence for which a pardon has been granted or in respect of which a record

Suicide in Canadian First Nations
Suicide in Canadian First Nations
Suicide is intentionally causing your own death out of despair. It is considered a behavior and may result from a form of mental illness, but is not
classified as a distinct psychiatric disorder. It can stem from different factors such as personal, social, financial or historical well–being. ("Mental health
and wellness," 2013)
According to STATSCanada, suicide is the leading cause of death among Canadian aboriginals between youth and adults under 44 years old.
(Kirmayer et al., 2007, p. xv)
The rate of suicide among aboriginal Canadians is three times higher than that of the general population, and the rate for Inuit youth is eleven times
higher than the national average. These are some alarming ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
(Kirmayer et al., 2007, p. 38) Not only do alcohol and CNS depressants affect a person's behavior and mood it can also indicate pre–existing
psychological factors and social problems that are related to suicidal behavior. (Kirmayer et al., 2007, p. 38)
Another substance that is being abused among many youth is inhalants, these drugs however tend to be more common in aboriginal communities than
in the general population. Inhalants such as gasoline, glue and solvents are most typically used by adolescent males who have a family history of
violence, alcoholism and low self–esteem issues. (Kirmayer et al., 2007, p. 38) inhalants cause cognitive impairment and other neuropsychological
problems that may directly or indirectly relate to studies where, users were 8 times more likely to attempt suicide. (Kirmayer et al., 2007, p. 39) The
lack of support and breakdown of communities are part of the substance abuse epidemic.
The last contributing reason for this paper which relates to the increase of suicide in Canadian aboriginals is limited access to healthcare, especially
mental health and addictions counselling. Barriers to receiving proper health care are due to geographical isolation and shortage of trained
professionals in the aboriginal communities. Up to 50% of aboriginal communities are so remote they can only be accessed by air, leaving limited
options to seek mental and physical healthcare. (Kirmayer et al., 1993, p. 1572)
Risk factors that increase

Effects of Coloniztionon First Nations
1.Discuss your understanding of historic and contemporary colonization, how it continues to affect First Nations, Metis, and or Inuit peoples today
and how it may be reflected in your proposed specific area of social work practice.
To begin with, colonization began when first contact was made between Indigenous peoples of Canada and Europeans. At first the settlers were
humble to Indigenous peoples and learnt how to survive the diverse land of what is known as Canada. As settlers began getting established in
Canada, the land began getting taken over by Europeans. The signing of treaties was a mechanism used to divide and conquer the lands from
Indigenous peoples. Indian reserves were created to separate different tribes and land was claimed for natives to live on. According to ..... the land
given was not very healthy and did not accommodate the way first nation peoples lived. Next, the Indian Act was established in hopes to absorb "
indianess" and in hopes would expire therefore eliminating the existence of "indianess".
In addition to the Indian Act came another mechanism called residential schools. According to Frideres (2011) residential schools were an educational
institution established by the Canadian government and the Roman Catholic missionaries for the purpose of forcing native people to abandon their
culture and adopt "a more superior" way of living. The first residential school was established in 1874, after which the number of these schools rapidly
spread all

First Nations Of The Twenty First Century
In his book 'First Nations of the Twenty First Century', James Frideres raises the question "Why do the health concerns of First Nations differ from
those of mainstream Canada?" I hope to show that the health and well–being challenges faced by First Nations people are different from those of
mainstream Canadians primarily because of the history of colonization, Canadian government policies and social acceptance of those policies.
In order to explore the state of the health and well–being of First Nations peoples I first need to explain the measuring stick used to determine health and
well–being. According to the World Health Organization, "health is a complete state of mental, physical and social well–being, not only the absence of
disease". In keeping with this philosophy Statistics Canada, collect data on what they term "Non–medical determinants of health". These determinants
fall into the following categories: Health behaviors, Living and working conditions, Personal resources and Environmental factors. Frideres' question
suggests a difference exists so I will compare the health and well–being statuses of Indigenous and mainstream Canadians to understand just what
differences exist between both groups. Statistics show that Indigenous people measure lower on almost all aspects of well–being when compared to
Non–Indigenous populations. To demonstrate how pervasive the disparity is I would like to review some statistics for each determinant listed above.
Considering

First Nations Youth Analysis
Summer camp tackles suicide, substance abuse crises in First Nations communities.
In spite of the well–known suicide rates in Canada amongt the Aboriginal communities there is limited support for First Nations Youths.
Who wrote the piece?
This piece was written Jesse Winer; Jesse Winter is a white male journalist who works as a reporter for the Toronto Star breaking news desk. In his
earlier life, "Jesse Winder was a cross country skier, and he represented Canada at the 2008 World Under
–23 champion in Italy." Ski racing was not a
well–paid career choice, so he pursued journalist instead. "Jesse Winter the spend two and a half years working in Canada North at the Yellowknife
and Yukon Newspaper before returning "outside" to get his master's... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The camp was created twelve years ago as a way to help indigenous youths speak out about suicide and substance abuse crises that affect the Ontario's
First Nations communities. Another voice that was included was eighteen year old Angel Armstrong; Angel Armstrong lost her father to suicide in
2007 and was still struggling with his death when George Couchie invited her to the camp now she is a mentor for at risk indigenous youths.
What are the underlying political positions/values/biases within the piece?
Camp Niigan Mosewak is funded by the Ontario Ministry of Children and Youth Services, and is supported by the Ontario Provincial Police, the
Royal Canadian Mounted Police, the Anishinabek Police and North Bay Police Services. Some of the main idea for camp Niigan Mosewak is to
support Ingenious Youths have them focuses on developing life skills, leadership development, healthy relationships, positive self–esteem and
self–awareness education based on traditional cultural teachings. The goal is to encourage the youth to become role–models and leaders in their
communities.
Does the author use appropriate terminology in the piece? If so why? If not how would you

The First Nations Peoples Of Canada
The First Nations peoples of Canada's right to self–govern has been a widely debated and highly controversial topic since the British North America
Act in 1867, when the Canadian government gained the authority to negotiate treaties with the First Nations and purchase their land. First Nations
people believe that they have an inherent right to self–govern, as they were the sole inhibitors of Canada before the Europeans made contact in the
1500's. Before colonization, the aboriginals had formed their own communities, each with it's own culture, customs and laws; they occupied their own
land and had chiefs to govern their people. In 1876, the government of Canada passed the Indian Act, a legislation which defined who is and isn't...
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The Semiahmoo recently became aware of their council's exorbitant salaries through the First Nation Financial Transparency Act, learning that their
chief was making an annual salary of upwards of $267,309, and their councillor $187,138, while the rest of the reserve survives in semi–squalor
conditions. Members of the band have come forward with some of the living conditions; "band members were struggling month–to–month in mouldy
homes with poor drinking water and lack of sewer pipes, while nothing had been done to provide social programs or other amenities", as told by
Darlene Clark, one of the two cousins who belong to the Semiahmoo band who are calling for an audit as soon as possible. Another resident also
mentioned that he "relies on food banks to survive". With so many people on reserves living in third world conditions in a country with such a high
standard of living, due to greed and corruption by it's leaders; the First Nation's community is not ready for self–governance. With the little control that
the state has allowed the First Nations, the majority have shown that they cannot uphold a suitable standard of living and next to no social programs
for their people. If given the opportunity to govern themselves, this situation would likely stay the same.
Allowing self–governing of First Nations groups is only continuing the racial apartheid in Canada. The government needs to implement a system of
equality where racial

French Relationship With First Nations
The French relationship with First Nations has been a dominate factor in Canadian history. Their successful means in establishing such relations led
them to great achievements and downfalls. This relationship was successfully earned by the French for a variety of reasons. One, the First Nations,
already in awe of European culture, were eager to trade due to their further fascination of European items (232). More specifically, they desired basic
European goods such as "...knives, hatchets, kettles, beads, cloth and, eventually, the firearms of the French (5). Unlike the English, the French seized
greater advantage of First Nations cooperation by demonstrating acts of tolerance and respect (8). The efforts of Samuel de Champlain, who formed
"The Order of Good Cheer" to increase friendly relations, highlights this sentiment (1.3). To further impress them, the French utilized the practice of gift
giving, a tradition they discovered in Brazil (1.3). One other essential factor in establishing relations was partly due to intermarriages between both ...
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One of which centered on trade, a factor that greatly aided the French and their conquests. Essentially, the use of trade allowed the French to further
exploit resources such as furs (2.4). They were also able to earn the business of the Hurons as their primary trade partners, who then "...provided
access to their Algonquian allies" (1.4). In that regard, a second achievement was earned in which the French gained several First Nations allies; a feat
they would later utilize. Apart from the Hurons, the French established trading and ally relations with the Ojibwa and Micmacs (2.4 and 2.5). In doing
so, these various First Nations allies came to the aid of the French against their war with the English (2.4 and 2.5). Clearly, the successful relationship
between the French and various First Nations groups earned them beneficiary uses and great

First Nations Assimilation In Canada
First Nation Peoples within Canada have been facing many injustices in their homeland since the dawn of colonization. The most unraveling point to
First Nation assimilation was the formation of the consequential Indian Act and residential schools resulting in a stir of adversity. As racist ideologies
within Canada developed, upheaval against such treatment was undertaken as First Nation communities fought back against government land claims
and eradication of treaty rights. In attempt to make amends, proper compensations from the injustices within residential schools have been released and
the key for the future is allowing First Nation self–government. Ideals with the intent of ultimate assimilation have been standardized unto First Nation

First Nations Child Policy Analysis
I write as a concerned citizen to urge you and the Canadian government to support culturally based equity for First Nations children. The Truth and
Reconciliation Commission concluded that Canada fundamentally must acknowledge and remedy its unjust treatment of Indigenous peoples. First
Nations children are uniquely affected by federal underfunding of services on–reserve. It is unacceptable that the federal government does not provide
First Nations children, youth and families with equitable education, health care, child welfare and basics such as clean drinking water.
I am deeply moved by the statements of residential school survivors recounting the harm they experienced, separated from their families, communities,
cultures and languages. However, I cannot stand by while another generation of children is removed from their families because the federal government
fails to fund child–welfare services ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The government saw the tribunal's decision as a vital first step in achieving substantive equality for First Nations children. Unfortunately, the tribunal
has since issued several non–compliance orders against your government. Three of these orders came after the tribunal considered the additional
investments made for child and family services in Budget 2016. In June, your government elected to seek judicial review of one such order by the
tribunal, a choice which I cannot understand or support. Your government has spent hundreds of thousands of dollars on litigation to resist full
implementation of the tribunal's decisions – a move that is incompatible with your pledged support for a new partnership with First Nations, and all
Indigenous people in Canada and their

The First Nations Management Act
I. INTRODUCTION There has always been doubt and uncertainty encompassing the ability for third parties ' to be granted interests in Indian reserve
land (First Nation land) and the security that could add to such interests under the Indian Act. Developments have been discouraged by their inability to
acquire sufficient security of tenure or security of assets on First Nation land. Furthermore, numerous First Nations have been discouraged by their
inability to provide appropriate security of tenure to entities that are not First Nation whom seek to utilize or evolve First Nation land. The First Nations
Management Act, enacted by Parliament in 1999, was intended to provide additional control and authority to First Nations over land management on
their Indian reserve land and to replace related conditions of the Indian Act. The doubt and uncertainty that previously existed within the land
management regime of the Indian Act looks to have been moved further and even provoked under the FNLMA regime due to the deficiency of
sufficient protections for the interests of third parties, both present and future, and by not accommodating First Nations with clearly delivered
procedures by which such assurance and stability can be obtained. For third parties, interested or seeking access to First Nations land, the FNLMA
illustrates an important and essential alteration in regards to the legal environment of tenures previously relied upon by third parties on First Nation
land. This

First Nations Indians In Canada
As time went on in Canada, the relationship that the Explorers held with the Natives shifted from one of gratitude and reliance to possessions and
liability. As time continued to pass, the relationship and treatment toward First Nations Indians became more hostile and unforgiving and while that
relationship is now on the mend, for a good many years the First Nations Canadians were persecuted by the government. Between 1876 and 1950 the
way First Nations Indians were regarded by other Canadians shifted, legislation to regulate the activities of First Nations Canadians began in full
capacity in 1876, continued in the early 1900's, and was reformed in the 1950's. The Canadian government began imposing legislation on the First
Nations Indians in 1857 with the Gradual Civilization Act of 1857. The Gradual Civilization Act of 1857 required that any man who could speak
English or French was free of debt, literate and of good moral character could be ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The first of these amendments came in 1881, which made officers of the Indian Department or Department of Indian Affairs, including Indian Agents,
legal justices of the peace and able to enforce regulations. This amendment also gave the Indian Agents undue control of the reservation, its practices,
and its people. In 1884, two of the main amendments were added, those being that the "Potlach" ceremony was outlawed and First Nations youth were
now required to attend school and this began the decades of the residential schooling system. In 1914 all off–reservation dancing was outlawed, in 1925
all traditional dancing was forbidden unless expressly allowed, and in 1927 First Nations Canadians were forbidden from using lawyers to make land
claims or file grievances without the approval of Federal

Oppression of First Nation People
How is it that the indigenous of Canada transpire into the minority and oppressed? Specifically, how are First Nations women vulnerable to multiple
prejudices? What are the origins of prejudice & oppression experienced by First Nations women in Canada, how has this prejudice been
maintained, what is its impact and how can it best be addressed?
Ever since the late 1400's when the European discovered North America they brought along with them a practice of domination leaving the first nation
people with very little rights forcing them to stand defenceless. Ever since the settlers arrived, the lives of the First Nation people have forever been
damaged with the implementation of new ways of living. These changes have created an image ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
These inequities in health and social indicators are perfect examples of the affect of political and economic factors that influence access to health
services (Browne and Fiske 2001).
Health care for First Nations people, specifically for those who live in reserve communities receiving federally run services, has been founded on
colonial ideology. This allowed and influenced the beginning of dependency of the First Nations people upon the European policy makers (Browne
and Fiske 2001).
First Nations women have been exceptionally affected. A severe example of oppression in health care was the sterilization of First Nations women in
the early 1970s, reportedly without their full consent. During the late 1960s and the early 1970s, a policy of involuntary surgical sterilization was
imposed upon Native American women, usually without their knowledge or consent (First Nations). This practice was a federally funded service .
Such sterilization practices are clearly a blatant breach of the United Nations Genocide Convention, which declares it an international crime to impose
"measures intended to prevent births within [a national, ethnical, racial or religious] group (First Nations). Policies such as these allowed for the First
Nations women to stay defenceless. Today there are still many examples of how

Nipissing First Nation Summary
The first article is about the Supreme Court of Canada needs to determine whether the records of the Indigenous residential school should be
preserved or destroyed as most of the sensitive topics and abuses had happened there. However, there are some conflicts about this topics among
public because some believe that survivor's privacy should be protected and some said public should know the history of this tragedy and how sad it
was. Moreover, if the information is not destroyed now it will be eventually known to the decadents of the survivors and abusers through the media.
Regardless of the voices from public, the federal government has taken an action saying that these are government documents and only Library and
Archives Canada has the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
What happening there is some of the commercial fishermen are charged by the Ministry of Natural Resources as they do not follow the rules and
regulations set by their local government and the provincial government. According to the chief of Nipissing First Nation, this agreement was made for
the purpose of protecting the resources for future generations. However, the representative lawyer for commercial fishermen said that "The chief and
band council don't represent the collective. They can only represent their master, who created them, the Government of Canada"
The representative lawyer consider that the agreement is not valid because it was signed by people who was appointed by the colonial authorities and
it is not involved the community voices. The solution can be simple if the court agree with him but if not this problem can last years in order to reach
the final decision.
Bibliography
White, rik. HUNTERS & GATHERER, Northern Ontario fishing dispute could lead to big changes for Indigenous rights. October 06, 2017. http:/
/www.cbc.ca/news/canada/sudbury/nipissing–first–nation–indigenous–hunting–fishing–rights–case (accessed October 06, 2017).
Tom Parry. Supreme Court set to rule on Indigenous residential school records. October 05, 2017. http://www.cbc.ca/news/politics
/residential–schools–records–supreme–court (accessed October 06,

First Nations Of Canada 's Culture
First Nations of Canada
ANT 231.002
Rachael Moore
10/28/2015
Stephen F Austin State University
First Nations of Canada Introduction to the First Nations of Canada's culture "The First Nations people are the status and non–status "Indian" or
indigenous people in Canada" (Aboriginal, 2012). Thirty–two million people residing in Canada are indigenous or aboriginal. Currently there are "617
different First Nation bands with half being status Indians, 30 percent Metis, 15 percent unregistered, and 4 percent Inuit". These First Nation
populations are the "youngest and fastest growing populations of Canada" and therefore have a big significance and role in Canadian life (Anaya,
2014). When studying the Inuit, Pamela Stern and Lisa Stevenson learned about their culture and how it intertwined with the rest of Canada. They
learned the Inuit have a closely–knit social system that people often rely on in times of unemployment or hardship. She also experienced seeing Inuit
work in a labor–intensive job, gathering materials for basket making and found politically the Inuit aim to self–govern. In their government they have
created a wide variety of programs to try and promote tradition and culture such as education programs that teach Inuit culture and language (Stern,
2006).
Introduction to the crisis facing the First Nations of Canada The First Nations of Canada is experiencing a current day health crisis of diabetes.
According to Health Canada's Diabetes

Stereotypes In First Nations
Racism and Stereotypes on First Nations People
This is their home, the first people in the great country known as Canada. Yet they were called the savages in a place that is home for them; called
names by the people who were new to this place. These people were named Indian, mistaken for Indians from India. Over the centuries Aboriginal
people have faced a lot of difficulties in their daily life, each day full of new challenges including drug Issues, personal identity problems, and proper
education.
Drugs and alcohol have been a part of Aboriginal people's lives as long as they can be tracked back before the Europeans first came to Canada. Before
the Europeans first made contact with Aboriginal people, they used to drink alcohol made from ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
As time went by, there were more people in need of jobs, therefore, not a lot of Aboriginal people had job. The Aboriginal people became poor and are
the poorest people in Canada. First Nations people needed to get away from their problems and this was the easiest solution that they found. Many of
these problem lead to suicidal attempts. According to the 2014 BC Mental Health and Addictions Journal, it shows the highest rates of suicidal
attempts were made by the Inuit, the first Nation's People were second on the list and the Canadians over all were at the bottom of the list. The report
also shows that females are more likely to have a suicidal attempt the males, and how rates of completed suicides are higher amongst male.
"Depression is a common and life–changing mental illness in the Canadian population. This is especially true for First Nations people, who
experience major depression at twice the national average." This is more common in adults who live on reserves or have lived on reserves in the
past. Surveys also show "Around 75% of all residents feel alcohol use is a problem in their community, 33% indicate that it's a problem in their own
family or household and 25% say that they have a personal problem with alcohol." "The affect is that Aboriginal people suffer from many of the same
social and economic problems as other victims of long–term bias and discrimination including, for example, disproportionately high rates of poverty,
infant mortality, unemployment, and low high school completion rates." Stereotypes about aboriginal people also lead to a lack of self–confidence and
the feeling of being meaning less in the society. These stereotypes usually lead to depression, anger, drug use, family violence, and problems in the

First Nations In Canada Summary
The article that I have chosen is by Mark Aquash, University of British Columbia, "First Nations in Canada: Decolonization and Self–Determination".
The point that interest me was "how Canada as an evolving colonial entity has used education as a process of colonization of First Nation communities,
families, and children; and to regard decolonization and self–determination as processes in education that can derail oppression in First Nation
communities." (Aquash, 2013).
From the article the First Nations or Indigenous people first educated or shared their skills and knowledge with the foreigners to their land, on how to
survive in their new environment. In 1620 to 1629, conversion to Christianity and European education by boarding school start to colonise the
Indigenous people. And after the 1812 war Canada began a flawed process of policy development directed at First Nations. The process was to
eliminate existing Indigenous knowledge and replacing it with the Eurocentric values, perspectives, and worlds views. (Miller, 1996). The First Nations
were assimilated to consider their traditions, culture and identity as interior compared to European values and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
The quality of education provided for the First Nations by the federal government was of inferior quality than those given by the provinces. Again, the
Canadian government seemed like they created another loophole, not to oblige their agreements with the First Nations. Reserve Schools and Band
operated schools are paths for decolonisation of the First Nations. By limiting the resources to operate and maintain these schools, it seems at least
from my point of view that the federal government is not in favour of decolonisation or in favour of the Indigenous people reclaiming their cultural
identity and

First Nation Food Insecurity
There is an ongoing struggle to ensure that First Nations in northern Ontario have food security. Food security exists when people have consistent
physical and economical access to sufficient, safe, nutritious and culturally appropriate food that meets their dietary needs for a healthy life (Socha et
al., 1). Members of the First Nations Community in the north indicate that their children are eating unhealthy food like chips and pop because they
cannot afford the basic healthy necessities (Stefanovich, 1). According to the Chiefs of Ontario and the First Nations Information Governance Centre,
48% of First Nations adults living on–reserve experience severe or moderate food insecurity (Chiefs of Ontario, 46). Food insecurity leads to generally
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Also, it will provide healthy food, economic opportunities, and is expected to be supported by First Nations. But, it is contested due to the impact on
the environment (Young and Matthews, 17).
The following are the benefits of aquaculture: fish are a good source of nutritious food because they provide a high source of micronutrients and
vitamins (OECD, 346); compared to traditionally fishing, it will yield more fish year–round, increasing the amount of fish produced (Allison, 11); it
offers a means to increase production, thereby providing food for a community rather than just one family (OECD, 346); larger scale facilities create
income and employment opportunities, but the market trends are unknown (OECD, 346); there is positive feedback from the First Nation community
because they

First Nations : Aboriginal People In Canada
First Nations is a term used to define Aboriginal people in Canada who are not MГ©tis or Inuit. First Nations people are commonly identified by
other names, such as Indians, Natives, Native Canadians, and Native Americans. Using any general term almost always involves an explanation as
these names can cause problems. After watching the Ted talk I realized having only one viewpoint to a story can limit the ideas we are able to obtain
from it. The Ted talk connects withFirst Nations as it opens our minds allowing us as viewers to get a new perspective on our prior knowledge. This
has led me to question what we are being taught about First Nations and whether it's the truth.
Throughout this course so far I've learned, First Nations should be used only as a general term, as members are likely to establish themselves as part
of specific nations, or part of a community within those nations. First Nations describes aboriginal people of Canada who aren't Inuit or Metis. The
term First Nations refers to the ethnicity of First Nations people, where the term "First Nation" can refer to a band, a reserve–based community, or a
tribal group where status Indians live. Most importantly I have learned when to use specific terms and their proper meaning. For example, Metis
refers to multiple cultures and ethnic identities from Aboriginal and European people. This term is typically used to describe people of mixed
ancestry or descendants of historic communities. The term "Indian" represents the identity of a Frist Nations person who is under the Indian Act, and
should only be used when referring to a First Nations person who has status under that Act and is used in proper context. Usage of these terms in
improper context can cause conflict and is considered to be disrespectful.
During the Ted talk video, I realized that the single stories we carry can be harmful as they often lead us to make inaccurate conclusions resulting in
stereotyping. In the video, Adichie explains how her roommate Watkins 2

The Pros And Cons Of First Nations
A Popular False Impression
Reasons why First Nations have special treatment in today's society contribute to many controversial arguments. Plenty of Non–Aboriginal Canadians
misinterpret why First Nations receive benefits on health care, post–secondary. In 1867, First Nations lost their land and wealth due to treaties and land
claim settlements. Therefore, the Canadian government is forced to administer aid and services in return. It is a true fact that Status Indians have a
right to beneficial education and health care advantages. On a further note, First Nations who are pursuing post–secondary education are given
assistance to build a better lifestyle for themselves from the Assembly of First Nations. Many years ago, residential schools ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
These benefits came from a treaty that began in 1819 between the bands of Anishinaabe Nation and the British government. They were determined to
force them to give up 712,000 acres of land. This led to First Nations losing land and resources through treaties and land claim settlements. As a result,
the government is obligated to provide aid and services in return. Today, First Nations who are pursuing post–secondary education are given assistance
to build a better life for themselves from the Assembly of First Nations. Canadians should be interested to the fact that their remarkably successful
country's social and financial prosperity relies on First Nations attending post–secondary education. Canada has an assistance program for First Nations
and Inuit students called the Post–Secondary Student Support Program. This program gives them benefits such as costs of tuition, books, travel
expenses, and living circumstances. Furthermore, in 2012–2013, the Canadian government also provided $1.62 billion to support the First Nation
elementary and secondary education. Likewise, there is a healthcare program called the Non–Insured Health Benefits program. Under the Indian Act, if
you are a First Nation you must be a Canadian resident and a registered Indian in order to be accepted into the Non–Insured Health Benefits Program.
Without a doubt, there are misguided judgments that Canadians have about First Nations with regards to education, funding, and

The New World: The First Nations
The First Nations were nomadic hunter–gatherers who treated the land with respect, this was before the Europeans came and introduced them to new
ways of life while slowly trying to rid them of their culture. The First Nations were welcoming and provided assistance to the Europeans. The two
groups began to trade and enter into treaties with one another. The First Nations saw treaties differently than the Europeans. They believed that the
treaties were a way of guaranteeing a future between the two groups, they would be protected by the Crown and that they would share the land with the
Europeans. Little did the First Nations know that by signing the treaties, they would also be signing away all of their land.The Europeans did not treat
the

The Five First Nations
The numbered treaties are treaties negotiated between the First Nations and the government,these treaties are mainly targeted towards the aboriginal
title in exchange for rewards.Treaty 7 was the last numbered treaties between the First Nations and the governments.This treaty was established on
September 22, 1877 at the Blackfoot Crossing of The Bow River by the five First Nations group.The five First Nations contains: Siksika was also
known as Blackfoot, Kainai also was known as Bloods, Piikani also known as Peigan, Stoney–Nakoda, and Tsuu T'ina also known as Sarcee.Out of the
five groups the main negotiator was the Chief of Siksika,Crowfoot. During 1871 when British Columbia requested a transcontinental railway,it required
a large amount ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
During the 19th centuries there was 3 big First Nation problems which were repeated smallpox disease outbreak,decreased buffaloes to hunt due to
Cree and Metis competition,and chaos from the US traders.Because of the repeated chaos from US traders,In 1874,the North West Mounted Police and
colonel James Macleod was sent to stop the US traders.This action received many First Nations appreciation and trust and thus Chief Crowfoot became
friends with James Macleod.In 1875,Crowfoot was informed by a merchant about treaty plans on his land,Blackfoot.In the fall of 1875,Crowfoot and
the other five First Nations listed out complaints about this area and sent to Alexander Morris the Northwest Territories lieutenant–governor.The
complaint list included stopping Cree and Metis competition,random settlers arriving and having an Indian Commissioner for the treaty.In
1877,Crowfoot met Sitting Bull who was Crowfoots ally and the leader of the resistance against Americans.Seeing that Crowfoot and Sitting Bull were
allies,the Canadian government had another reason to negotiate the treaty with Crowfoot.As the land is needed urgently for transcontinental railway
the negotiation was set on the fall of 1877.On September 19,2017,the commissioner David Laird and many other First Nation leaders arrived to discuss
about the treaty,there were some leaders absent from this discussion.The commissioner gave a speech about laws protecting buffaloes and stopping
/preventing whiskey trades.While David gave the speech,many leaders were requesting hunt/fish permission on every land,education,annual payments
and reserved land in exchange for the first Nations Land.Although they were discussing,Crowfoot said he'll wait for Red Crow,chief of Kainai to
arrive to pick decisions.On September 21, 1877,Red Crow arrived and was explained everything to him by Crowfoot and the final discussion
begin.With everyone agreeing to the exchange offerings,the treaty was later signed on September 22, 1877.The treaty

The Remote Location On First Nations Communities
Another negative impact of the remote location on First Nations communities is difficulties in accessing good education. Indigenous youth often leave
their communities in their pursuit of academic opportunities. Even in urban centers the graduation rate of Indigenous youth is significantly lower
compared to non–Indigenous youth. Curriculum may not be shaped to serve the needs of most FN 's communities. Some do not have adequate school
facilities. These difficulties tie up with the economic obstacles in these communities and further contribute to the lack of skills, community capacity,
planning.
Good education is essential to improving the well–being, quality of life and future prospects of Indigenous children, youth and communities. ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The Department currently is planning to support programs that develop culturally–relevant curricula and evidence–based activities that work for
Indigenous students and is committed to improving education infrastructure in First Nations communities. While elementary and secondary education
are a provincial or territorial responsibility, the Department funds elementary and secondary education for Indigenous students residing on reserve.
There is funding support for post–secondary education for eligible students. The role of the Department in this area is to work with willing partners to
advance the work on education for Indigenous students and help improve educational outcomes. It also aims to build the capacity of First Nations to
provide educational services and improve education service delivery.
In British Columbia funding for First Nations schools is done through the Tripartite Education Framework Agreement signed in 2012 by the
Government of Canada, the Province of British Columbia and the FNESC. It follows the model used by the Province to fund similar sized provincial
schools and allows Indigenous students to transfer between First Nations and provincial schools without penalty. This agreement set a strong precedent
in education partnerships in 2012. Since then there have been a number of changes to First Nations

First Nation Rights
First Nation rights were inherent rights, this meant that they were rights passed down through the generations and have been in practice way before
interactions between Europeans and First Nations. The rights of First Nations were also collective rights, which came from the use and occupation of
an area. As such, First Nation rights aren't from an outside source, the crown or the government, but are from First Nations own use of territories, social
structures, and political and legal systems. Because these rights weren't from an outside source First Nation rights are different for non–Aboriginal
peoples rights. Since there were various First Nation bands, each had disparate specific rights so it's hard to list all of them; ergo there isn't

Mistreatment Of First Nations In Canada
Mistreatment of first nations (post french and indian war) Canada's true historical identity began in 1763 when britain became canada's colonising
country after the french and indian war commonly known and associated as the seven year war. British settlers in 1763 are responsible for the
mistreatment of first nations. First Nations were not allowed/encouraged to practice their religion, culture, and European settlers brought diseases.
European settlers in 1763 believed anyone who did not practice christianity was useless to them, first nations were one of them. Europeans despised
against first nations culture and did not believe in it. British settlers would do anything to eliminate first nations in Canadian society hence the
deliberate genocide of first nations.
At one point european settlers believed first nations did not have culture or religious practices. Europeans wanted new france to be only populated with
christians, because european settlers did not want first nations a part of their society, British settlers were ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The blankets were contaminated with smallpox because they were used on infected remains of deceased body's leading to the epidemic breakout of
smallpox (variola virus). First nations had a higher mortality risk because of no prior exposure to smallpox, making their first exposure there most fatal
because of their lack of immune response. Approximately 90% of indigenous population died from smallpox. At the time there was no vaccination or
treatment for smallpox. Britain's goal was to eliminate indigenous population. As an act of genocide, Canada lost a big part of indigenous

Violence Against First Nations Women
Violence Tanya Kappo writes "This very heavy, dark, and painful truth is a reality that affects every single person who calls Canada home" (Kappo)
. Her article on the CBC news web page is discussing Prime Minster Stephen Harper's comments on the missing and murdered First Nation's women.
She argues that "the conservative government confirmed their feelings of indifference, disregard and utter lack of respect for indigenous people"
(Kappo). This is a huge issue in our society today and it is an issue that needs to been made public and in now brining on more and more attention as
the months go by. There is constant public exposer on sexual assaults andviolence against women, but for some reason when it comes to First Nations
women, the issues

First Nation Film Analysis
Canada had a big impact on the first nations peoples in terms of wiping out their religion and turning them into a "Canadian". This movie showed
that first nations children were seduced into a residential school. I see that this was an unwarranted and unfair system to gain their rules into place.
The first nation's children had to follow rules, some rules were their attire had to be a dress for the girls and a suit for the boy, they were not
allowed to follow their religion or to speak their own language or they would get punished. It was obligatory for them to learn the catholicism religion
and speak, read and write in English. The British/Canadian order was that they think all aboriginals are "savage" or uncivilized so consulting aboriginals
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
I find these rules unacceptable because when Astokamee's friend hurt his teacher, he was just trying to protect himself from getting hit by his
teacher, the other students seemed to think in the same way because they helped Astokamee's friend. Astokamee thought her parents were dead
because her teacher told her. But Astokamee later heard from the teacher her parents were dead, but Astokamee refused to listen to her and didn't
believe anything she said. I can relate to this because in the movie the government was hypocritical because a teacher can hit a student and when a
student tries to defend himself and hits the teacher he goes to jail, just like that some people say something when I say something and when they say
that same thing they won't let me say something. Like once I said this soccer player sucks so this mean kid said I suck but when he said that soccer
player sucks he says that he never said that. The reason laws were put into place was to create discipline with hitting students, to make them civilized
and " take the Indian out of them". I say these rules were unfair and unacceptable because hitting someone is like treating them like an animal and they
won't learn like that. You cannot come and hit someone for no acceptable

First Nations Research Paper
Imagine you're just going about your daily life and it's been the same peaceful way for as long as you can remember then all of a sudden a tree falls
down in your backyard and destroys your home. This is similar to what happened to the First Nations. I believe that the First Nations were the least
unified to Confederation than the other colonies due to the facts that others made decisions for them, they were given as much importance as animals,
and that the other colonie's changes affected them even though their changes didn't affect the other colonies.
In the first place, others always decided the future for the First Nations people without their consent. This was mainly because First Nations were
excluded from the conferences that the British held to decide the destiny of Canada. Such as, the meeting that discussed the idea of Confederation. This
did not allow them to voice their opinion, thus letting the British assume their position as leaders.
Comparatively, First nations were forgotten as people and were given little importance. Notably, when Newfoundland and Labrador joined
confederation, the Terms of Union did not mention anything about the fate of their land's aboriginals and consequently they received fewer rights than
the other tribes who were registered under the Indian Act, which already limited them to very little.
Furthermore, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
After much discussion, it was decided that the Indians and Eskimos of Newfoundland would be the responsibility of the government and were then
given much more rights than the Indian Act stated, including the right to vote. Be that as it may, these privileges of theirs weren't included in the
Indian Act, yet something the act is trying to encourage is abandoning their tribal cultures and aboriginal title to gain the right to vote. Which may
drive the first nations to want what other first nations have been

First Nations People In Canada
Ever since the British and French came to Canada, the first nations people have always seen themselves get the short end of the stick. Examples of this
are: having their land taken away from them, receiving racial discrimination, being victim to Residential schools and being assigned a reservation to
live on. For the last two centuries our Canadian government has been trying to make amends to these First Nations People. One of these amends to
status indians are: No Taxes on any funds inside of a reserve, free education including post–secondary, huge cost deduction on housing, and of course
our wonderful benefit of free healthcare. Based off of these benefits it would seem like First Nations peoples would live a very successful life, well
this is infact very, very wrong!. Despite many benefits the First Nations peoples are still finding themselves living in poverty. Poverty levels are as high
as 60% for First Nation children living inside a reserve. Whose fault is this? Is it the Canadian governments or the First Nations people's fault. Are the
'Status Indians' getting enough funds from the Canadian government to live a successful life, Well... Let's take a look.
According to Huffington Post, the federal department of Aboriginal Affairs and Northern DevelopmentCanada, pays an average First Nations person
$9,056 per year. This number is up from $922 per person from 1950. These numbers are also adjusted... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Atikokan is a town with approximately 2,800 people. There operational costs are 8.4 million dollars. This is 1,300 more people than attawapiskat has
and as ironic as it sounds, people in Atikokan are not living in 'poverty'. So is there mismanagement of funds going on or is there just straight up
corruption by the reservation chiefs. Well I strongly believe there is a bit of

First Nations And Indian Act Essay
Active Reading Notes
First Nations and the Indian Act;
The government encouraged the First Nations, such as the Siksika and the Cree, to sign treaties that offered benefits in return for giving up most of
their land
Reserves: land set aside by the government for exclusive use by the First Nations
A gov. appointed Indian agent agent controlled the First Nation's day to day activities
Indian Act: After being passed in 1876, this act gave parliment complete control over the lives of the First Nations on the reserves
Parliment took away the First Nations' right to vote, govern themselves, restricted how they earned a living, required them to ask permission before
leaving the reserve and prohibited them from consuming alcohol
Status Indians: the only group of First ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Federal Department of Indian Affairs: Budget cuts in the department led to reduced services and payments as government officials felt that the
payments prevented the First Nations from looking for a job
League of Indians of Canada;
WW1: Many First Nations across Canada were brought together during the war, allowing them to find out how their concerns were similar and
encouraging them to advocate together for their rights
Fred Loft: War veteran and Mohawk from the Six Nations of the Grand River Reserve of Ontario, founded the League of Indians of Canada in 1919
League of Indians of Canada: Created by Fred Loft as many First Nation war veterans were denied benefits and had to give up reserve land for
non–Aboriginal war veterans that wated to farm
Government viewed Loft's efforts with suspicion and worked actively to undermine the league
1927 Indian Act – Changes in the act made it illegal for First Nations to form political organizations, preventing the league from attracting widespread
attention among other First Nations
Residential Schools;
Duncan Campbell Scott: was an advocate for assimilation and believed that education was the key to it, led the Department of Indian Affairs from

First Nations Conflict In Canada
Introduction/Background The goal of this paper is to talk about the conflicts between the First Nations and mining companies in Canada; to describe
the current situation they are in and also examine the various outcomes of this situation. First Nations refers to Status and non–status Indian peoples in
Canada. Historians have grouped the First Nations in Canada according to six main geographic areas. First Nations within these six areas are
characterized by similar cultures and largely shaped by an environment. The six groups are Woodland First Nations, Iroquoian First Nations, Plains
First Nations, Plateau First Nations, Pacific Coast First Nations and the First Nations of the Mackenzie and Yukon River Basins. Prior to contact with
the Europeans, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In exchange for their environment, the companies agree to provide jobs like laborers, managers and traders; education; financial payments; business
and economic development. This makes the First Nations to take up leadership roles in their communities, the mining sector and the society at large.
Also, First Nations makes these mining companies to respect and recognize their rights and titles. The companies also provide environmental
protection. By consulting the First nations first before using their lands and providing benefits, they will be no conflicts between the mining companies
and First

First Nations Target Audience
1. Target Audience:
The goal we were trying to achieve in our PSA was to raise awareness of First Nations lack of education to all audiences, therefore we didn't include
specific factors that would draw in a certain target audience. However, we did try to compare our outcome of education to First Nations' so that people
around our age (14–18) have more to relate to. (Ex. Data from First Nation schools identifies the rate of First Nations graduation at approximately 36%
compared to the Canadian graduation rate of 72%.) Ultimately, we did this because we know that our generation is the first to have schools educate
them about the problems First Nations people experience and they will understand more about the topic and be more interested about other troubles
they face, such as lack of education.
2. Unique Concept: ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
We did try and make it stand out to people around our age group though by making the ad easier to compare to yourself as a person who doesn't
experience these troubles. To especially attract the attention of people our age group, we displayed facts fitting of the context, used characters of
this age group and made it a short video with a lot of information. We made the video as short as possible whilst fitting a lot of information in it
because our generation is proved to be less patient in receiving information and will much rather prefer ads that get to the point. This is why ads
targeting teens are usually posters which are easy to spot and take minimal time to observe or ads such as five gum ones that get to the point of fun.
teens are concerned with having

Assembly Of First Nations Case Study
The Assembly of First Nations, a political organization which represents First Nations citizens in Canada, has been championing the rights of
indigenous people, treaties, land and resources, and other problems to help improve the quality of life for Aboriginal people. Founded in 1982, the
organization's largest impacts on Canadian law have been regarding the Kelowna Accord and the Indian Residential Schools Settlement Agreement
(IRSSA). The Kelowna Accord was a plan helped formed by the Assembly ofFirst Nations in November 2005; the Accord promised to promote the
quality of life of Aboriginal people and try to match it with the quality of life of non–Aboriginal Canadians. Another motive was present which was to
create a strong relationship between Aboriginal communities and the government; the government implemented this ten–year plan with more than $5
billion to improve health care, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Though the Accord was postulated for the federal government to communicate with the Aboriginal organizations to address the issues, the
Conservative government under Stephen Harper tried to lower the funding of the Accord; this led to the introduction of Bill C–292, An Act to
Implement the Kelowna Accord, which allowed Minister of Aboriginal Affairs to submit yearly progress reports for five years. Many Aboriginals still
felt that problems weren't properly addressed as many of them still in the same situation as before the Accord was introduced. The introduction of both
the Accord and Bill C–292 didn't impact the Conservative government under Stephen Harper which was evident when the government tried passing
Bill C–45 which would not only abolish the Accord, but it would also make it more susceptible for businesses

Canada First Nations Essay
It is safe to say the 1930s were not a fun time, with the Great Depression and beginnings of war, but to the First Nations people in Canada, it was one
of the worst periods of their lives. Throughout the thirties, fourties and fifties, the Aboriginal people of Canada were treated like gum on the bottom of
a shoe, and taught their race was a disgrace. This is all thanks to the residential schools run by the United, Anglican and Catholic churches that took
away to culture and pride of the Aboriginal people. But, all of these wrong–doings took place in the name of good, at least according to the government
and Canadian leaders. To begin with, Canadian leadership promised that the newest school forFirst Nations children would provide them with ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This lack of proper learning could have been a product of many factors: the language that was forced upon the children, the qualifications of the teacher
and the working hours that invaded their learning time. Children had to speak English, a foreign, which took them a long period of time to master.
This time of adjustment was not helped by the teachers, who believed a full–immersement technique was the way to go, punishing children for
speaking their Native tongue. The teachers created an environment that was not open to questions, and did not take in individual needs or concerns,
stopping a safe, healthy learning environment from blossoming. Up to the 1950s, children worked for half a day in order to run the school
cheaply, but these jobs cut into learning time severely. In a busy world, knowing how to keep up a school and an education level of Grade 4 would
rarely open any doors for a person. Finally, these schools that would take care of children did everything but take care of the children. First Nations
children ages 6 to 16 faced, physical, emotional and sexual abuse while they stayed at residential

First Nation People In Canada
Since the Hudson's Bay Company is very famous in Canada, I have known it since I landed in Canada. However, I never thought it had so long
history, 343 years, and the strong relationship with the First Nation people. I never despise the importance of First Nation people in Canada's history,
and, now, I believe that the initial wealth of this country was based on the First Nation people and the fur trading. It is true that the fur trade had
brought many convenient fools and many opportunities to Aboriginal people, but the negative effect of it should not be neglected, since it had
completely changed their life–style and badly impacted on their culture.
First of all, the fur trading ended the traditional lives of the First Peoples lived in Canada. I have learned how did Aboriginal people hunting in the Tipi
teaching; they respected their preys and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
By the time when the white people arrived here, First Nations was very kind and generous to them, and showed them all the necessary survival skills
for living here. However, what the white people wanted was only to make their fortune in the fur trading. They married Aboriginal women because
they learned that these women had the skill and expertise to treat the furs, and these women were called "country wives." The "country wives" and
their children were left here when the men retired and return to their homeland. The white people were so selfish that they did care how these women
and children's lives would go on after they left. Actually, these "country wives" and the metis were discriminated all the rest of their lives. In addition,
once the fur trading was over, the government didn't know what to do with the Aboriginal people, but, finally they got an idea, residential school. That
was the most terrible period in First Nation's history, which destroyed their lives and interfered with eight generations of First

First Nations People In Canada
First Nations people in Canada have faced colonization and assimilation through Canadian Aboriginal policy throughout history. Policies such as the
Indian Act, residential school system, the sixties scoop, and the White Paper have all shared the main goal of assimilation throughout many years. In
today's society, First Nations people are beginning to see positive changes throughout Aboriginal policy. The changes made to the Constitution Act and
the Great Bear Rainforest Agreement proves that the government is slowly making positive changes toward Aboriginal policy inCanada. Although the
past has shown nothing but struggle and trauma faced by First Nations people because of Aboriginal policy set forth by the government. The Indian Act
began ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The government wanted First Nations people to become a part of mainstream society. By doing this, they caused catastrophic amounts of trauma faced
by many First Nations children and families. According to Asch (2014), ""... Residential schools were designed as agents of assimilation– to remove
children from the influences of their parents, punish them for speaking Indian languages, introduce Christianity and inculcate negative attitudes to their
own cultures" (p 70). The government created policy again, without any consultation from the people they were enforcing this policy upon. Long &
Dickason (2011) state, ""From the beginning, the government gave responsibility for 'civilizing' Aboriginal children and youth through education to
various Christian denominations and ecclesiastical traditions" (p 97). The government felt they had full responsibility and power over First Nations
people and their children. They treated the culture and spirituality of the First Nations people as if it was foolish and meant nothing. Government
policy during this time was strictly to get rid of the culture of First Nations people and colonize them into regular society. Long & Dickason (2011),
also state ""In order to move forward the goal of assimilation so as to 'do away with the tribal system and assimilate the Indian people in all respects
with the inhabitants of the Dominion, it was

The Colonization Of Canada First Nations
Since the colonization of Canada First Nations people have been discriminated against and assimilated into the new culture of Canada through policies
created by the government. Policies created had the intentions of improving the Aboriginal people's standard of living and increasing their
opportunities. Mainly in the past hundred years in Canadian Society, policies and government implemented actions such as; Residential schools, the
Indian Act, and reserve systems have resulted in extinguishing native culture, teachings, and pride. Policies towards the treatment of Aboriginal
Canadians has decreased their opportunities and standard of living because of policies specified previously (Residential schools, the Indian Act, and
reservation systems).
Indian Residential Schools has been a major contributing factor towards the mistreatment and decreased standard of living for the First Nations people
of Canada. Originally founded in the 1840's and the last to close in 1996 the goal of Residential Schools was to assimilate First Nations people into
Canadian society. The assimilation process consisted of the forced attendance (by Canadian law) for every Native, Metis, and Inuit child to attend the
"boarding" schools. Residential Schools were ran by Christian, Catholic, and Anglican churches, the schools were also funded by the Canadian
government's Indian Affairs. Treatment students received while attending the schools was unbearable for the young children. After being taken and

First Nations Stereotypes
magazines continued to advertise the woman's role as a primarily a provider and caregiver, for example ads for cookbooks "to delight your loved ones".
Common stereotypes of first nations people directly relate to the mother blaming of the wellbeing of children on reserves. For example, aboriginals
are often associated with poverty and therefore do not have the means in order to provide for the basic needs of the child. This many also mean that
both parents are working and not at home which may be seen as neglectful. When case workers blame the neglect on the individual mother and
disregard the hardships that are imposed on them and their children due to colonialism and decreasing social safety nets. Stigmatizing First Nations for
being poor is unjust as it implies that "living in poverty is a 'lifestyle choice' they made ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
If the home was a positive environment the child was still impacted with feelings of being alone due to the nature of a transracial adoption. Many
Canadians deny that there is racism in Canada. If that is the case for a family who has adopted a First Nations child, they are not going to prepare the
child for discrimination they will face outside of the home. Even if the parent is aware of the prejudices the populous masses have towards First
Nations, having never experienced it personally may make it uncomfortable or hard to prepare the child for it. This discrimination highlights how the
child is different from the other members of the family which is not ideal and can be damaging. Regardless of if the child wants to adopt the western
worldviews they may not be accepted by their peers due to racism which can create angst. It can be especially hard when these children feel like they
are the only ones going through this since they are isolated from their communities who understand these

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