Advanced writing

1. Payame Noor University
Zanjan Branch
Academic Writing Course
By: Valiollah Mirzaee
valiollahmirzaee@yahoo.com

2. Contents
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1. Structure and Cohesion
2. Description: Process and procedure
3. Description: Physical
4. Narrative
5. Definitions
6. Exemplification
7. Classification
8. Comparison and Contrast
9. Cause and Effect
10. Generalisation, Qualification and Certainty
11. Interpretation of Data
12. Discussion
13. Drawing Conclusions

3. Unit 1: Structure and Cohesion
 Structure
1. Introduction
2. Main Body (Development)
3. Conclusion
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4. I. Introduction
1.In paragrph writing: (sentences) topic sentence
In essay: thesis statement
(topic introduced; statement of the problem;
comment on the way it is going to be treated)
2. Main body ( development): presentation,
analysis,
discussion( adv, diasdv ; compare,
contrast; cause, effect;… )
main idea1+ supporting details, examples, …
main idea 2+ supporting details, examples, …
…..
3. Conclusion: summary + restatement of main
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5. Essay
First
paragraph
Thesis
statement
Body P1 , P2,
P3,..
Conclusion
Thesis
restated;
summary
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6. Body (development)
 Modes of development
 Process
 Narration
 Discussion
 Aadvantages, Disadvantages
 Cause and Effect
 Compare and Contrast
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7. How to start?
 Understand the question(e.g. cause and effect;
adv, disadv,…)
 Planning time
 Brainstorming (quickly think about everything you
know about the topic and put them on the paper)
 Spidergramming or mindmapping(you make the
brainstorming in order)
 Outlining (classify by writing points for each
paragraph)
 First draft
 Final draft
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8. brainstorming
universities
types
_
Compare
with
other
+
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9. Process and procedure
Line graph
Bar chart
Pie chart
Table
Daigram –comparing map
Diagram- process
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10. Process and procedure
 How paper is made?
 How a breakfast cereal is made?
 How glass bottles are made?
 How to ….
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11. Process and procedure
 Paragraph1: introduce the topic, the way you are
going to develop...
 Paragraph2: overview
 Paragraph 3: detail
 Paragraph 4: detail
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12. Narrative
 Describing an event (e.g. a car crash to the police
officer)
 Sequence or chronological order
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13. Your task
 Describe a process of making sth
 Describe an event that happened to you (e.g. car
crash, accident, how you planned yourbirthday)
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