3. Important topics important for this Unit
• Education – Basic Elements
• Teaching – Concepts, Objectives, Levels of teaching (Memory,
Understanding and Reflective), Characteristics and basic
requirements.
• Learner’s Characteristics – Characteristics of adolescent and adult
learners (Academic, Social, Emotional and Cognitive), Individual
differences.
• Factors affecting teaching related to – Teacher, Learner, Support
Material, Instructional Facilities, Learning environment and
Institution.
4. • Methods of teaching in Institutions of higher learning – Teacher
centered vs. Learner centered, offline vs. online.
• Teaching Support System – Traditional, Modern and ICT based.
• Evaluation Systems – Elements and Types of Evaluation, Evaluation in
Choice Based Credit System in Higher Education, Computer based
testing, Innovations in evaluation Systems.
6. The Concept of Teaching
• Powerful direction
• Management
• Process
• Predetermined goals
• Formal – School, Institutions,
Paid Learning
• Informal – Homeschooling,
Family
7. Basic Teaching Models:-
Instructor-centered Teaching
• When an instructor or a
facilitator is in actively involved
in teaching while the learners
are in a passive.
• In this teaching, an instructor is
fully responsible for what is
taught and how it is learned.
• the instructor is responsible for
the process of evaluation
Learner-centered Teaching
• When a student or a learner is
more emphasized in a classroom
than others.
• It also involves each student's
interests, abilities, and learning
styles, placing the learning
instructors for individuals rather
than for the class.
• It includes self-evaluation.
8. Different Levels of Teaching
Memory Level
of Teaching
Understanding
Level of Teaching
Reflective
Level of
Teaching
9. Models of teaching
• a. Pedagogy model: In this method, the teacher, more or less, controls
the material to be learned and the pace of learning while presenting
the course content to the students. It is also called instructor-centred
approach. In this, the learner is dependent upon the instructor for all
learning.
• b. Andragogical model: In this model, the learner is mostly self-
directed and is responsible for his or her own learning. In this
method, the instructors facilitate the learning of participants and help
them by offering opportunities to learn themselves and acquire new
knowledge.
10. Characteristics of a Learner
• Personal characteristics: These relate to the demographics such as age,
gender, language is spoken, cultural background, etc. concerning a person
and is also a very vital aspect of learners characteristics
• Academic characteristics: These characteristics are the educational or
learning characteristics relating to an individual, a group of people, etc.
where their prior knowledge, educational style, and level of education are
also considered. This makes academics to be a determining factor of
learners characteristics.
• Social and emotional: These specify the characteristics related to an
individual or a group, such as a self-image, self-efficacy, cohesiveness, etc.
• Cognitive: This refers to the mental capabilities of a person and aspects
such as mental procedures, intellectual skills, problem-solving techniques
adopted, etc. are considered.
