Detail about spinal cord and peripheral nervous system

1. Nervous system
part -2
MS.VAIBHAVI PANCHAL
NURSING TUTOR
MBNC

2. INTRODUCTION
►It is elongated and cylindrical part of the
central nervous system
►It is suspended in vertebral canal
surrounded by meninges and cerebrospinal
fluid
►It is 45cm long
►Its thickness is about little finger

4. LOCATION
 The spinal cord is continuous above
with the medulla oblongata and
extends from the upper border of
atlas to the lower border of the 1st
lumbar vertebra
 Specimen of CSF is taken from
subarachnoid space at the point
below the end of cord

5. FUNCTION
Nerves conveying impulses from brain
to various organ and tissues descend
through spinal cord
Sensory nerves from organs and tissue
enter and pass upward in the spinal
cord to the brain spinal reflex

6. CROSS SECTION OF SPINAL CORD

7. STRUCTURE OF SPINAL CORD
 It is composed of grey matter in centre surrounded
by white matter supported by neuroglia
 Grey matter arrangement in spinal cord resembles
shape of letter ‘H’
 It is having two posterior, two anterior and two
lateral columns
 White matter formed by sensory nerve fiber, motor
nerve fiber and connector neurons

8. REFLEX ACTION

9. IT IS AN INVOLUNTRY & IMMEDIATE
MOTOR RESPONSE TO SENSORY STIMULUS
CONNECTOR AND MOTOR NEURONES STIMULATED
BY IMPULSE
IMPULSE TRANSMITTED TO SPINAL CORD BY
SENSORY FIBER
STIMULATION OF MOTOR AND CONNECTOR
NEURONE
CONTRACTION OF SKELETAL MUSCLE
REMOVAL OF BODY PAR FROM
SOURCE

11. PERIPHERAL
NERVOUS SYSTEM

12. INTRODUCTION
Peripheral nervous system consist of:
31
SPINAL
NERVE The
autonomic
nervous
system
12
CRANIAL
NERVE

13. Spinal nerve
31 pairs of spinal nerves that leave the
vertebral canal by passing through the
intervertebral foramina formed by adjacent
vertebra: 8 CERVICAL
12 THORACIC
5 LUMBAR
5 SACRAL
1 COCCYGEAL
1
2
3
4
5

16. CRANIAL NERVES
12 pairs of cranial nerves originated from
nuclei in the inferior surface of the brain
(Oh Oh Oh To Touch And Feel Very Good
Voice AH!)
Their names and numbers:

17. I. Olfactory nerve
II. Optic nerve
III. Oculomotor nerve
IV. Trochlear nerve
V. Trigeminal nerve
VI. Abducent nerve
VII.Facial nerve
VIII.Vestibulocochlear nerve
IX. Glossopharyngeal nerve
X. Vagus nerve
XI. Accessory nerve
XII.Hypoglossal nerve

18. OLFACTORY NERVE
• Sense of smell originate in upper part of
nasal cavity passes upward to the
olfactory bulb
OPTIC NERVE
• Sense of sight/vision originate in ratina of
eyes
• Impulse pass from these to center of sight
in the occipital lobe of the cerebrum and to
the cerebellum

19. OCULOMOTOR NERVE
• Six extrinsic muscles, which move the
eyeball that is the superior recti, media
recti and inferior recti and the inferior
oblique muscle
• intrinsic muscles:
ciliary muscle which alter shape of lense
Circular muscle constrict pupil
Levator palpebrae muscle raise upper
eyelids

20. TROCHLEAR NERVE
• Supply superior oblique muscles of eyes
TRIGEMINAL NERVE
• Main sensory nerve for face and head
• There are three branches of trigeminal
nerves:
Opthalmic nerve: Eyelids,lacrimal gland,mucus
membrane of nose
Maxillary nerve:cheeks,gums,lower eye lids
Mandibular nerve: lower jaw & lip,ear pinna,
tongue

21. 8.VESTIBULOCOCHLEAR

22. ABDUCENT NERVE
 Supply the lateral rectus muscle of eyeball
FACIAL NERVE
 Supply the muscle of facial expression
 Sensory fiber convey impulse from taste
buds to taste perception area in cerebral
cortex
VESTIBULOCOCHLEAR NERVE
VESTIBULAR nerve is maintaining posture
and balance.

23. VESTIBULOCOCHLEAR NERVE
• VESTIBULAR nerve is maintaining
posture and balance
• Cochlear nerve originate in spiral organ.
Help in hearing
GLOSSOPHARYNGEAL NERVE
• Arise in medulla oblongata stimulate
muscles of tongue and pharynx essential
for swallowing and gag reflex

25. VAGUS NERVE
• Supply smooth muscle and secretory glands
of pharynx, larynx, trachea, heart,
esophagus, stomach intestine, exocrine,
pancreas, gall bladder, bile ducts, spleen,
kidney, ureter and blood vessel
ACCESSORY NERVE
• Supply sternocleidomasoid and trapezius
muscles
• Supply pharyngeal and laryngeal muscles

26. HYPOGLOSSAL NERVE
• It is supply muscle of tongue and muscles
surrounding hyoid bone and contribute to
swallowing and speech

27. AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM
• Involuntary part of nervous system controls
‘AUTOMATIC’ function of body
• Effects of autonomic activity are rapid and
effector organs are
1. SMOOTH MUSCLE
2. CARDIAC MUSCLE
3. GLANDS

28. Autonomic system seperated in two division :
They normally work in opposing manner Sympathetic activity
in stressful situation and parasympathetic activity during rest

29. SYMPATHETIC NERVOUS SYSTEM
 It prepares body to deal with exciting and
stressful situations
 Strengthening its defences in times of
danger and in extremes of environment
 Range of emotional states fear,
embarrassment and anger also cause
sympathetic stimulation
 Adrenal glands secrete adrenaline and
noradrenaline into bloodstream
 Mobilises/prepares body for “fight or flight”

30. PARASYMPATHETIC NERVOUS
SYSTEM
Tendency to slow down body processes
except digestion and absorption of food and
function of genitourinary system
Allows to processes to occur quietly and
peacefull