Every paragraph need one topic sentence, it has to be your own words. Can not be cites. Each paragraph need 75% citation (3 citations needed)and 25% own opinion about those (including topic sentence), see the example document. At least 6 body paragraphs, each one is about 100-150 words. Don’t less than 950 words, and no more than 1050 words. Please use at least 3 of the sources that she provided. This is suppose to be a paper written by an international student, so please try to use easy-to-understand vocabularies and sentence pattern. Like the two paragraph she already done. If there’s any gramma mistake, correct it for her. Write an attractive research paper title. APA or MLA style, if any mistake please correct for he. Peer review check list ——here is teacher’s requirement———————————— English 135 Research Essay (1000 Words = 25%): This is a research paper not a research project: no original research required. A)Here you will begin a program of research from a premise/hypothesis, a hunch, or an interest and then research from that footing. 1) For our purposes, research papers can begin from a question to investigate, an hypothesis to investigate, or a statement to support, even an interest to pursue; whichever road you take you must provide facts and details out of authoritative sources and resources. 2) This is either a thesis and details paper that answers a question (Why don’t chickens survive in the wild?), leads to a conclusion (Chicken wrangling has untapped potential for making a living), or proves a thesis (Chickens do not survive in the wild because they are flightless), or it is a simple research paper that “looks at” something (the history of domestic chickens). 3) Research papers always attempt to provide balance: whatever you research, there will always be a variety of takes, points of view, and interpretations of facts, figures or details. You must address as much of this variety as possible. 4) Research papers never prove anything; at best they illustrate or support hypotheses or argue for the validity of assertions. 5) Conclusions in research papers are often speculative (This research suggests that. . .) and they never introduce new ideas, details, or topics. RESEARCH PAPER Topic planning: B) Your papers will be 1000 (3-4 pages, 8 paragraphs). This requires a certain size of topic, so consider yours carefully. How do I focus a topic to fit the size of my paper? How many points/details do I need to provide? How many categories or organizing principles for classification (the first sentence in the box or group of boxes/the sentences that make up the body of your thesis paragraph)? If absolutely necessary, this can be done quite mathematically: 8 paragraphs = 1 introduction and 1 conclusion + 6 paragraphs (approx. 18 pieces of evidence.). This means a maximum of 6 categories or organizing principles for classification (controlling ideas supported by individual pieces.

1. Every paragraph need one topic sentence, it has to be your own
words. Can not be cites.
Each paragraph need 75% citation (3 citations needed)and 25%
own opinion about those (including topic sentence), see the
example document.
At least 6 body paragraphs, each one is about 100-150 words.
Don’t less than 950 words, and no more than 1050 words.
Please use at least 3 of the sources that she provided.
This is suppose to be a paper written by an international
student, so please try to use easy-to-understand vocabularies
and sentence pattern. Like the two paragraph she already done.
If there’s any gramma mistake, correct it for her.
Write an attractive research paper title.
APA or MLA style, if any mistake please correct for he.

2. Peer review check list
——here is teacher’s requirement————————————
English 135 Research Essay (1000 Words = 25%):
This is a research paper not a research project: no original
research required.
A)Here you will begin a program of research from a
premise/hypothesis, a hunch, or an interest and then research
from that footing.
1) For our purposes, research papers can begin from a question
to investigate, an hypothesis to investigate, or a statement to
support, even an interest to pursue; whichever road you take
you must provide facts and details out of authoritative sources
and resources.
2) This is either a thesis and details paper that answers a
question (Why don’t chickens survive in the wild?), leads to a
conclusion (Chicken wrangling has untapped potential for
making a living), or proves a thesis (Chickens do not survive in
the wild because they are flightless), or it is a simple research

3. paper that “looks at” something (the history of domestic
chickens).
3) Research papers always attempt to provide balance: whatever
you research, there will always be a variety of takes, points of
view, and interpretations of facts, figures or details. You must
address as much of this variety as possible.
4) Research papers never prove anything; at best they illustrate
or support hypotheses or argue for the validity of assertions.
5) Conclusions in research papers are often speculative (This
research suggests that. . .) and they never introduce new ideas,
details, or topics.
RESEARCH PAPER
Topic planning:
B) Your papers will be 1000 (3-4 pages, 8 paragraphs). This
requires a certain size of topic, so consider yours carefully.
How do I focus a topic to fit the size of my paper? How many
points/details do I need to provide? How many categories or
organizing principles for classification (the first sentence in the
box or group of boxes/the sentences that make up the body of
your thesis paragraph)?
If absolutely necessary, this can be done quite
mathematically: 8 paragraphs = 1 introduction and 1 conclusion
+ 6 paragraphs (approx. 18 pieces of evidence.).
This means a maximum of 6 categories or organizing
principles for classification (controlling ideas supported by
individual pieces of evidence), although you would be wise to
have one category controlling a group of paragraphs (one class
of paragraphs treating a single organizing principle: 3
categories, each controlling 2 paragraphs providing the details,
or 3 controlling 3, etc); you will require, on average, 1-3
individual details/pieces of supporting evidence per paragraph
(+ 25% your opinions and thesis). How broad or focused must
my topic be to be fully (reasonably fully) explored within 2-6
controlling details and adequately supported by 18 pieces of
evidence?

4. 9 Thesis=the big idea
Controlling principle=a subsection of the big idea supporting
the big idea
Details paragraph=a subsection of the controlling principle
supporting the controlling principle and, therefore, the big idea.
The details paragraph opens with a topic sentence that looks up
to your thesis and down to the contents of it paragraph.
6 Individual details=a subsection of the details paragraph
supporting the details paragraph and, therefore, the controlling
principle and, therefore, the big idea. Every detail must clearly
serve the topic sentence.
C) You will employ a minimum of 3 sources: at least one book,
one peer-reviewed journal article, and one academic or
authoritative internet resource (that is at least one of each: you
can, of course, use as many of each as you choose). A single
source can provide you with hundreds of pieces of supporting
evidence. Once you have asserted your research’s credibility
with adequate academic resources you may turn to other less-
authoritative resources: blogs, newspapers etc.
D) You might want to do your research paper on some aspect of
you current field of interest (your projected major); this will
allow you to familiarize yourself with the parts of and places in
the library and its systems containing information that will be
of value to you in the near future.
E) You should not do this on a topic required in another class:
to do so will make you susceptible to the allure of recycling.
Researching for Research Papers: Getting What You Want Out
of Aether:

5. 1) Go to the library and talk to the Research Librarian: tell her
what you are interested in; ask for suggestions of productive
ways to focus your ideas; ask her where to look for what you
need in online resources.
2) Go to UVic’s library web site, and play around.
3) Search library databases.
Citation and Plagiarism:
This is an academic research paper, and, therefore, you have all
the responsibilities of a scholar when writing it. You must cite
every fact, figure, and detail, and you must cite them correctly.
To not do so is PLAGIARISM. You are allowed little errors in
parenthetic and bibliographic style, but if you do not introduce
your authorities, use quotation marks when quoting directly,
provide proper parenthetic citation after every detail you use,
and produce an exhaustive Bibliography, you will have
plagiarized, and you will be prosecuted for it.
REMEMBER: academic writing is a discourse; as a writer, you
are entering that discourse, and you have a responsibility to
allow others to enter it with you. This is where exhaustive
citation comes in. APA style hates direct quotation and citing
by page numbers; MLA insists upon both. But, then, APA
doesn’t want you to write research essays constructed from
secondary resources; MLA does. The result of all this is that I
will strongly recommend that you use MLA citation style for
your research essay. If you insist on using APA, understand that
I will still expect that you cite every fact, figure, and detail,
whether direct quotes or not, by page or paragraph number.
RESEARCH INTRODUCTIONS
Your research essay will open with a proper Introduction: it will
start with a hook, that interesting fact, anecdote, or detail that
catches your reader’s attention; next comes a sentence or two
providing any necessary background to bring your reader up to
speed (be sure it is necessary); following this, you will proved a

6. clear research thesis, which states that this is research and
provides your purpose (argue, review, discuss, look at, etc) and
subject; then either as a continuation of your thesis sentence or
as one or more separate sentences, you will provide a three-
point path statement that sets out your organizing principle (the
three main points of discussion) in the order you treat them in
the essay to follow; you will close this paragraph with a
conclusion, a discursive statement of that with which you hope
your reader leaver you essay (your topic not your essay should
be the subject of this sentence).
RESEARCH TOPIC SENTENCES
As with all topic sentences, those for research must state
exactly what their paragraph will accomplish. Think of them as
the thesis statements for your paragraphs, as such they must be
comprehensive – telling me every substantive move this
paragraph will make, as well as refusing entry to any moves
they have not mentioned. These are part of your 25%, so they
are not the place for quotes or any detail that needs citation.
The idea is that anything you say here will be backed up within
the paragraph. Every one of your body paragraphs must begin
with a perfect specimen of a research topic sentence.
5
RESEARCH PAPERS: SUPPORTING YOU IDEAS WITH
OTHERS’ WORDS
When I say that research should be 25% you 75% sources I am
speaking literally – but with a very important caution. Your
paper must not appear a patchwork of sources. Here is a little
trick to get you on the path to successful research writing.
Say your research hypothesis is that there is untapped potential
in semiprofessional chicken wrangling. Your scratch outline
might look something like this:
1) Costs incurred in semiprofessional chicken wrangling
are small compared to earnings

7. i) Equipment costs
ii) Time and costs for travel
iii) Costs competition fees, but winner’s purses
2) Training to be a semiprofessional chicken wrangler
presents no insoluble obstacles
i) Cost of training
ii) Opportunities for training
iii) Dangers of training
3) Opportunities open to semiprofessional chicken
wranglers offer untold rewards
i) Fame associated with dangerous sports
ii) Entry sport into other more glamorous forms of
fowl wrangling
iii) World travel
So now you need to pick a detail on which to write a paragraph.
Say you picked “Opportunities for training.”
Three of your sources discuss opportunities for training as a
semiprofessional chicken wrangler.
In Dr Norbert Glictenschnicker’s article, “Obstacles to
Chicken Wrangling,” you found this detail: “It is a popular
misconception, propagated by chicken wrangling’s major
equipment suppliers, that opportunities for training are
abundant. In fact, every season there are fewer and fewer
licensed trainers offering to take on new students.”
In Tex MacChicken’s book, Foul Wrangling: the Truth
Behind the Myth, you found this detail: “Part of the allure of
semiprofessional chicken wrangling is that the proliferation of
affordable training opportunities means the sordid world that
surrounds the sport comes cheap.”
On Mitch Fox’s website, “Other Uses for Chicken,” you
found a translation of Henri Poulet’s famous statement, from his
seminal work, Mon Amour pour des Poulets: “The
semiprofessional chicken wrangler, if truly dedicated to his
sport, will always find a willing trainer. But a willing chicken?
That is a different thing entirely.”

8. So now you need to put these three details together in a
paragraph. First ask yourself “which is best left whole? Which
is best trimmed? Which is best paraphrased? What would be the
most effective order to put them in?”
Use the catchiest one whole: “The semiprofessional chicken
wrangler, if truly dedicated to his sport, will always find a
willing trainer.”
Trim and reintroduce the least informative, most repetitive, or
the one least on the point: In his discussion of the sordid world
of chicken wrangling, Tex MacChicken argues that the
popularity of semiprofessional chicken wrangling owes much to
“the proliferation of affordable training opportunities.”
Paraphrase the longest: Dr Norbert Glictenschnicker argues that
training opportunities are ever dwindling, despite what the
equipment suppliers would have us believe.
Then pick an order and paste them in:
1) Dr Norbert Glictenschnicker argues that training
opportunities are ever dwindling, despite what the equipment
suppliers would have us believe. 2) In his discussion of the
sordid world of chicken wrangling, Foul Wrangling: the Truth
Behind the Myth, Tex MacChicken argues that the popularity of
semiprofessional chicken wrangling owes much to “the
proliferation of affordable training opportunities.” 3) “The
semiprofessional chicken wrangler, if truly dedicated to his
sport, will always find a willing trainer.” 71 words
Now add your 25%:
Research suggests that, while trainers are growing scarce,
committed enthusiasts should find no obstacle. Dr Norbert
Glictenschnicker argues that training opportunities are ever
dwindling, despite what the equipment suppliers would have us
believe (137). Yet Glictenschnicker’s is a disconnected,

9. academic view; those involved in the sport suggest brighter
prospects. In his discussion of the sordid world of chicken
wrangling, Foul Wrangling, the Truth Behind the Myth, Tex
MacChicken argues that the popularity of semiprofessional
chicken wrangling owes much to “the proliferation of affordable
training opportunities” (895-96). Whichever assessment is
accurate, the famous words of Henri Poulet are worth recording:
“The semiprofessional chicken wrangler, if truly dedicated to
his sport, will always find a willing trainer” (Mon Amour pour
des Poulets,qtd in Fox, 324). While one can likely train to
become a semiprofessional chicken wrangler, one must consider
the dangers of doing. 130 words (without citations)
EMPLOYING SOURCES EXERCISE
Instructions: Create a proper, fully-informative paragraph using
the information below.
Research Thesis/Topic: “The internet has had positive impacts
on interpersonal relationships.”
Section Thesis/Topic: The internet and dating
Paragraph Thesis/Topic: Cost efficiency and internet dating.
Quotes:
Ralph Kramden, in his book Internet Dating and the Savvy
Economist, page 253: “Recently compiled studies show that, for
the male internet dater, the actual dating cost per-short term
relationship (4-6 dates) has dropped by 35.7%.”
Matthew Greenshirt, writes in a discussion on the website
Internet Daters.org, “given the increased cost in date related
activities (coffee and movie prices), it is difficult to make any
definitive statements regarding changes in the cost of middle-
term relationships (2-4 months); nevertheless, there is an
undeniable savings in very short tern relationships (1-3 dates) –
as there is during the initial, formative stage of longer term
relationships.”
Stacey North, in her article “The Cost of Long-term
Dating,” page 122: “in a survey of those for whom internet
founded relationships had achieved long-term status (6-12

10. months), while the slight majority (51%) found little change in
the overall cost of dating from per-internet figures; for the
remainder of those surveyed (49%) the overall cost of dating
decreased by 35%.”
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_____________
According to the statistic from World Association of Zoos and
Aquariums (WAZA), there are more than 700 million visitors to

11. zoos and aquariums every year. For many people, the zoo is an
entertaining and educational place. They also believe zoos can
provide good habitats for animals, which has not been true in
the past. In fact, the earliest zoo was not built for protecting
animals. Nowadays, in the wake of many animal species are
nearly extinction as their habitat was destroyed, many zoos start
protecting and breeding the endangered species. This research
essay will focus on the history of ancient zoos, living situations
for animals in zoos, and how zoo rescue endangered animals.
History of Ancient Zoos
Body 1:
The purpose of early zoos are different with the modern
zoos. The earliest animal collections served a religious purpose.
In ancient Egypt, where the earliest known illustrations of zoo
was be found, animals that regarded as sacred often kept in or
near temples by pharaohs(Zoos and Animal Rights,7-8). Beyond
that, early menagerie zoos served an entertaining purpose for
nobleman. For example, lions were trained to fight with each
others or human in King Shulgi’s (2094– 2047 BC) of the 3rd
Dynasty of Ur (Zoos and Animal Rights,10). In addition, most
of early zoos were private so that civilians had limited
opportunities to visit these collections; until by the end of the
eighteenth and the start of the nineteenth century, those zoos
transformed into public gradually (Why Do We Go to the Zoo?,
111).
BODY 2:
Living Situation for Animals in Zoos
BODY 3: ( In the past most of zoos had bad living environment
and not enough food for animals.)

12. BODY 4: (Zoos are getting better since the passage of the
Endangered Species Act in 1973.)
Rescue Endangered Animals
BODY 5:
BODY 6:
Conclusion( around 100 words):
Reference
Bostock, Stephen St. C.. Zoos and Animal Rights : The Ethics
of Keeping Animals, Routledge, 1993. ProQuest Ebook Central,
https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/uvic/detail.action?docID=
179169.
Che-Castaldo, Judy P., et al. “Evaluating the Contribution of
North American Zoos and Aquariums to Endangered Species
Recovery.” Nature News, Nature Publishing Group, 28 June
2018, www.nature.com/articles/s41598-018-27806-2.
Garrett, Erik A.. Why Do We Go to the Zoo? : Communication,

13. Animals, and the Cultural-Historical Experience of Zoos,
Fairleigh Dickinson University Press, 2013. ProQuest Ebook
Central,
https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/uvic/detail.action?docID=
1609361.
LCA. “Zoos.” Last Chance for Animals - Factory Farming,
www.lcanimal.org/index.php/campaigns/animals-in-
entertainment/zoos.
Minteer, Ben. “How Zoos Can Save Our Animals.” World
Economic Forum, 30 Oct. 2014,
www.weforum.org/agenda/2014/10/zoos-save-animal-species/.
NYC Parks. (2004, January 1). History Of Zoos In Parks : NYC
Parks. Retrieved March 28, 2019, from
https://www.nycgovparks.org/about/history/zoos
Keri Philips. (2015, October 21). The Ethical Evolution Of
Zoos. Radio National. Retrieved March 28, 2019, from
https://www.abc.net.au/radionational/programs/rearvision/the-
ethical-history-of-zoos/6869776