Constant Comparison Newspaper Comparison Cultural Comparison Paper Art Comparison

1. Constant Comparison
art&scienceresearch methods nursing standard: clinical В· research В· education
Use of constant comparative analysis in qualitative research
Hewitt–Taylor J (2001) Use of constant comparative analysis in qualitative research.
Nursing Standard. 15, 42, 39–42. Date of acceptance: March 19 2001.
Summary
This article describes the application of constant comparative analysis, which is one method that can
be used to analyse qualitative data. The need for data analysis to be congruent with the overall
research design is highlighted.
T
HE AIM OF qualitative research is to portray the reality of the area under investigation, and to
enhance understanding of the situation and the meanings and values attributed to this by...show more
content...
The codes were written on hard copies of each document next to the related section. The codes and
their definitions were recorded in a separate file. For example:
I Code – nursing and self–directed learning.
I Definition – any reference to, or indication that there might be issues relating to, selfdirected
learning which is specific to nursing.
I Abbreviation – NSDL.
A separate file was used to ensure that the use of each code remained consistent and to establish a
clear decision trail that could be used by auditors or future researchers. During data coding, notes
were made about how decisions had been reached, how the coding process had been
Online archive
For related articles visit our online archive at: www.nursing–standard.co.uk and search using the key
words below.
Key words
I Research methods
These key words are based on subject headings from the
British Nursing Index. This article has been subject to double–blind review.
july 4/vol15/no42/2001 nursing standard 39
art&scienceresearch methods nursing standard: clinical В· research В· education
conducted, and any specific queries raised.
Data analysis was inductive, as the study sought to promote understanding of individual perceptions,

2. not prove a preconceived theory.
Codes were, therefore, generated from the data, rather than predetermined. Although literature–based
codes can provide a useful tool, they can impede the development of new ideas
(Strauss
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3. Newspaper Comparison
Newspaper Comparison
Today's society is in many respects dominated by the media. Newspapers, books, television, radio
and the Internet not only play significant role in an average person's life but are also multi–billion
pound industries that, through the public exposure they are subject to, carry great influence. One of
the oldest media formats still in use is the newspaper. This old printed format carries great political
power and boasts huge readerships, partly due to its cheap price, never exceeding a few pounds an
issue, and its portability.
Throughout the decades during which Newspapers have developed, two main styles of writing and
presentation in newspapers have emerged: Tabloid and...show more content...
However, tabloids are generally considered to be the more sensationalist, emotionally concerned
and subjective newspapers containing more pictures and easy to read text (such as the Sun and the
Mirror). Typically, Many Tabloid only require a reading age of 9, thus allowing them to be readily
understood by the less well–educated and intellectual members of the public. Clearly, the properties
of these formats can be seen as direct opposites. However they do share some similarities. An
obvious common property of all newspapers is that they are commercial, that is, that they will try
to appeal to a large a readership as possible, within their market niche readership and this is
reflected in their range of content and style. Some newspapers try to appeal to more people by
mixing elements of tabloids and broadsheets (such as the Daily Mail and the Daily Express),
although the large tabloid and broadsheet newspapers tend to follow the traditional stereotypical
styles for their type. The other key similarity between each type of newspaper is that they all exist
to report the news and current affairs, differing only in the way in which they present and portray
news stories which is also dependent on the preference of their readership. However, their priorities
regarding what stories are newsworthy differ
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4. Cultural Comparison Paper
Cultural Comparison Paper There are many cultural differences between the United States and
France. Some of these are simply social and others are cultural. Hofstede's Value Dimensions can be
used to highlight the differences between the cultures. Individualism vs collectivism, uncertainty
avoidance, masculinity/femininity, power distance, and long–term vs short–term orientation are all
characteristics that differ between France and the United States. In Communications Between
Cultures individualism and collectivism are described by researchers as "self–orientation versus
collective orientation as one of the basic pattern variables that determine human action." These
differences can be found in family life, school, and workplace...show more content...
The cultures prefer as few rules as possible. Typically, people in these cultures don't easily express
their emotions. Hofstede uses the words masculinity and femininity to refer to the degree to which
masculine or feminine traits are valued or revealed (Samovar, Porter and McDaniel). The United
States rates as a moderately masculine. Countries that favor masculinity stress equity, competition,
and performance(Yates). They also strive for material success and expected to respect whatever is
big, strong, and fast. France values femininity and stress equality, solidarity, and quality of work life
(Yates). A feminine worldview maintains that men can assume nurturing roles while promoting
sexual equality. One major difference in masculine/feminine cultures is the role of the woman in the
workplace and at home. Feminine societies expect women to work and often provide the necessary
social support systems. Although the United States is more masculine than France both countries
treat females as equals. Power distance describes the distance between power and the members of a
particular culture. France has a higher power distance than the United States. Gudykunst describes
countries with a high power distance as, "Individuals who accept power as part of society. As such
superiors consider their subordinates to be different from themselves and vice
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5. Art Comparison
Art is an incredible medium when used to its fullest potential. What I mean by that is; it has the
capabilities to surround the viewer with its imagery and play with the emotions. Paintings are
particulary effective in doing this through the use of color tones and 'temperature'. For example; El
Greco used a lot of blue and green throughout his body of work. The outcome is that the subject
matter comes off as ghostly and perhaps a little alien. This is in high contrast to Georgia O'Keeffe's
desert paintings, which utilise reds, yellows, and browns to create a 'warm' and appealing landscape.
Of course, these are not the only artist to make master works of tonality. Here are five artists (which
you may recognize) who have harnesed the power...show more content...
Both Velazquez's 'Old Woman' and Rembrandt's 'Prodigal Son' are bathed in (or painted in) golden
yellow tones. While both are wearing clothes of differing colors, each pigment is mixed with a
little yellow, white, or light brown to give warmth to the figure. This helps them to contrast to the
very dark background. I like how Rembrandt has figures in the background that are almost
indiscernable. By being part of the opposing (darker) tonal group, we as viewers are shown that they
are not the most important part of the portrait; that the son and father are. Velazquez, however,
chooses to have all elements of interest in the lighter tones in his painting, leaving the back as a dark
void of mystery.
Van Gogh is probably one of the most interesting painters concerning tonality. His purposeful usage
of one color in a body of work is a strong reference to emotion (particularly in his portraits). His
expressive brush work swirls the blues, and slight yellow and green, around his face. Even his skin
has a bluish hue. These elements describe a somber or sorrowful state of mind. Its as almost if the
troubles around him are seeping into his skin (like the blue).
That being said, tonality is both the friend of the artist and the art–lover. It is a wonderful story
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