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Ministry of Education and Training Ministry of Health 
Bach Mai Hospital 
 
NGUYEN HONG THUY 
Comparison of analgesic effects of thoracic 
paravertebral block by bupivacaine-sufentanil 
with morphine intravenously 
patient controlled analgesia after kidney-ureter 
surgery 
Vice professor. NGUYỄN QUỐC ANH 
Professor. NGUYỄN QUỐC KÍNH
INTRODUCTION 
 Postoperative pain wwaass iinntteerreesstteedd bbyy tthhee AAnneesstthheettiisstt 
 TThheerree aarree mmaannyy tthheerraappeeuuttiicc mmeetthhoodd ttoo ttrreeaatt ppoossttooppeerraattiivvee 
ppaaiinn:: DDrruuggss ((ssyysstteemmiicc,, rreeggiioonnaall aanneesstthheessiiaa)),, nnoonn-- 
pphhaarrmmaaccoollooggiiccaall mmeetthhooddss.. 
 AAnnaallggeessiiccss aarree mmaaiinnllyy uusseedd aass mmooccpphhiinn,, ggoooodd ppaaiinn rreelliieeff bbuutt 
hhaavvee ssiiddee eeffffeeccttss.. 
 RReeggiioonnaall aanneesstthheessiiaa hhaass mmaannyy bbeenneeffiittss:: bbeetttteerr ppaaiinn rreelliieeff,, 
ffeewweerr ssiiddee eeffffeeccttss,, hhiigghheerr ssaattiissffaaccttiioonn,, rreedduucceedd hhoossppiittaalliizzaattiioonn 
ttiimmee.. 
 AAnnaallggeessiicc eeffffeeccttss ooff TTPPVVBB:: GGoooodd~~wwiitthh eeppiidduurraall aannaallggeessiiaa,, 
tthheerree aarree mmaannyy tteecchhnniiccaall aaddvvaannttaaggeess aanndd cclliinniiccaall..
Objective 
11.. Comparison of analgesic effects of thoracic 
paravertebral block by bupivacaine-sufentanil 
with morphine intravenously patient controlled 
analgesia after kidney-ureter surgery block 
by 
22.. CCoommppaarriissoonn ooff side effects ooff ttwwoo mmeetthhooddss..
Subjects and Methods 
 Criteria included 
 Open surgery under the program with renal 
and ureteral an incision unilateral. 
 Age over 18, regardless of gender, agreed 
collaborative research. 
 Physical body ASA status I - II and I.renal ≤ 2. 
 Anesthesia endotracheal and is expected to 
extubation in the recovery room 
 No contraindications of TPVB 
 No contraindications of anesthetic bupivacaine, 
sufentanil and morphine.
Subjects and Methods 
 Exclusion criteria included 
 Patients’ refusal 
 Planned bilateral kidney-ureter surgery 
 Patients with a history and current mental disease 
 Patients with severe cardiopulmonary disease, 
severe liver failure, kidney failure grade 3-4. 
 History of opioid dependence or addiction 
 Contraindications of Thoracic Paravertebral Block 
 Complications of surgery and anesthesia; required 
prolonged mechanical ventilation (over 4 hours) in 
the recovery room or intensive care.
SSuubbjjeeccttss aanndd MMeetthhooddss 
 SSttuuddyy DDeessiiggnn:: Random ::ised Controlled Clinical 
Trials 
 SSaammppllee ssiizzee :: 58 patients were divided into 2 
groups 
 SSaammpplliinngg:: 
•• GGrroouupp 11:: TThhoorraacciicc PPaarraavveerrtteebbrraall BBlloocckk 
•• GGrroouupp 22:: PPCCAA wwiitthh mmoorrpphhiinnee.. 
 TTiimmee aanndd ppllaaccee ooff ssttuuddyy:: 
-- TTiimmee ssttuuddyy:: from 9/2013 to 06/2014.. 
-- TTiimmee aannaallggeessiicc:: 4488hh ppoossttooppeerraattiioonn 
-- In Anesthesiology Health Bach Mai Hospital
Subjects and Methods 
* OPERATION 
1. Patients anesthetized preparation 
2. Preparation machines, instruments, drugs 
* Preparation of drugs 
+ Local anesthetic: - Lidocain 2% tube 10 ml (Hungari), 
Sufentanil tube 50mg/1 ml, Bupivacain 0,5% tube 20ml- 
AstraZeneca, Adrenaline tube 1mg/1ml. 
+ Morphin tube 10mg = 1ml 
+ Anesthetics and resuscitation 
* Sterile instruments for anesthesia: epidural anesthesia 
needle; syringes, sterile tray and attempted shirt, betadin 
antiseptic solution, sterile gant.
SSuubbjjeeccttss aanndd MMeetthhooddss 
 PPCCAA:: PPeerrffuussoorr ccoommppaannyy BB//BBrraauunn ooff GGeerrmmaannyy 
 MMoonniittoorriinngg aanndd rreessuusscciittaattiioonn eeqquuiippmmeenntt
SSuubbjjeeccttss aanndd MMeetthhooddss 
 Thoracic Paravertebral Block: a loss of resistance 
Positions anesthesia 
spinous process 
paravertebral space 
2,5 cm 
Transverse process 
Pleural 
T9-10
SSuubbjjeeccttss aanndd MMeetthhooddss 
 Method of endotracheal anesthesia in 
a common regimen 
* Pre-anesthesia: midazolam 
* Induction: propofol, fentanyl, curare 
* Maintenance of anesthesia: propofol, fentanyl, 
curare. 
* Patients were awakened and extubation: 
in the recovery room
SSuubbjjeeccttss aanndd MMeetthhooddss 
 DDeessiiggnn ppoossttooppeerraattiivvee aannaallggeessiiaa :: tthhee ppaattiieenntt iiss 
aawwaakkee,, ttrraacchheeaall eexxttuubbaattiioonn aanndd VVAASS>> 44 
 GGrroouupp 11:: 
- TThhee ffiirrsstt ddoossee 00,,33mmll//kkgg ssoolluuttiioonn ((bbuuppiivvaaccaaiinn 
00,,112255%%--ssuuffeennttaanniill 00,,55μμgg//mmll + aaddrreennaalliinn 
11//440000..000000)) bbyy ccaatthheetteerr tthhoorraacciicc ppaarraavveerrtteebbrraall 
-- CCoonnttiinnuuoouuss iinnffuussiioonn aatt rraattee ooff 55 -- 1100 mmll//hh.. 
 GGrroouupp 22:: PPCCAA wwiitthh iinnttrraavveennoouuss mmoorrpphhiinnee.. TThhee 
ffiirrsstt ddoossee 11mmgg,, eeaacchh bboolluuss:: 11mmgg,, lloocckk ttiimmee:: 88 
pphhúútt,, tthhee mmaaxxiimmuumm ddoossee:: 1155mmgg//44hh,, nnoott ttrraannssmmiitt 
bbaassiicc ddaattaa..
SSuubbjjeeccttss aanndd MMeetthhooddss 
 TThhee mmaaiinn eevvaalluuaattiioonn ccrriitteerriiaa 
** TTaarrggeett 11 
- PPaaiinn ssccoorreess VVAASS:: static and dynamic 
-- TThhee ttoottaall amount ooff llooccaall aanneesstthheettiicc aanndd 
ssuuffeennttaanniill:: ffiirrsstt ddaayy,, sseeccoonndd ddaayy aanndd ttwwoo ddaayyss 
aafftteerr ssuurrggeerryy iinn tthhee TTPPVVBB ggrroouupp.. 
- TThhee ttoottaall amount ooff mmoorrpphhiinnee rreeqquuiirreemmeennttss:: ffiirrsstt 
ddaayy,, sseeccoonndd ddaayy aanndd ttwwoo ddaayyss aafftteerr ssuurrggeerryy iinn 
tthhee PPCCAA ggrroouupp.. 
- Number of patients with need for supplemental 
administration aanndd ttoottaall ooff morphine 
- PPaattiieenntt ssaattiissffaaccttiioonn ssccoorreess
SSuubbjjeeccttss aanndd MMeetthhooddss 
** TTaarrggeett 22 
+ HHeeaarrtt rraattee,, aarrtteerriiaall bblloooodd pprreessssuurree,, rreessppiirraattoorryy 
rraattee,, SSppOO22 iinn 4488hh aafftteerr ssuurrggeerryy.. 
+ TThhee ccoommpplliiccaattiioonnss rreellaatteedd ttoo TTPPVVBB 
+ TThhee OOtthheerr ssiiddee eeffffeeccttss:: nnaauusseeaa,, vvoommiittiinngg,, pprruurriittuuss,, 
sseeddaattiioonn eexxcceessssiivvee,, recovery time peristalsis 
** OOtthheerr eevvaalluuaattiioonn ccrriitteerriiaa 
 AAggee,, ggeennddeerr,, hheeiigghhtt,, wweeiigghhtt,, BBMMII,, AASSAA.. 
 TToottaall ooff aanneesstthheettiiccss,, aannaallggeessiiccss.. 
 DDuurraattiioonn ooff ssuurrggeerryy,, ttiimmee ooff aanneesstthheessiiaa,, aanndd ttiimmee 
ooff eexxttuubbaattiioonn.. 
 MMeetthhoodd ooff ooppeerraattiioonn,, iinncciissiioonn,, ddrraaiinnaaggee qquuaannttiittyy
SSuubbjjeeccttss aanndd MMeetthhooddss 
 SSttaattiissttiiccaall aannaallyyssiiss:: SSPPSSSS 1199..00 
QQuuaannttiittaattiivvee vvaarriiaabblleess wweerree ddeessccrriibbeedd aass mmeeaann 
aanndd ssttaannddaarrdd ddeevviiaattiioonn ((SSDD)).. CCoommppaarriissoonn ooff 22 
ggrroouuppss:: TTeesstt TT –– SSttuuddeenntt 
 QQuuaalliittaattiivvee vvaarriiaabblleess wweerree ddeessccrriibbeedd iinn tteerrmmss ooff 
tthhee ppeerrcceennttaaggee ((%%))  CChhii--ssqquuaarree tteesstt.. 
pp<00,,0055  TThhee ddiiffffeerreennccee wwaass ssttaattiissttiiccaallllyy 
ssiiggnniiffiiccaanntt.. 
X
RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS 
Age, Height, Weight, BMI 
GGrroouupp 
pp 
TTPPVVBB PPCCAA 
Patients’ characteristics 
AAggee 
((yyeeaarr)) 
XX ± SSDD 4488,,6688±±1111,,5588 4477,,0066±±1144,,0088 >>00,,0055 
MMiinn –– MMaaxx 2288--6688 2222--7722 
HHeeiigghhtt 
((ccmm)) 
XX ± SSDD 116600,,66 ±± 88,,0055 115599,,9933±±77,,0033 >>00,,0055 
MMiinn –– MMaaxx 114455--117755 114433--117755 
WWeeiigghhtt 
((kkgg)) 
XX ± SSDD 5544,,55 ±± 88,,8899 5555,,11±±1111,,2255 >>00,,0055 
MMiinn –– MMaaxx 4400--7733 3355--8844 
BBMMII 
XX ± SSDD 2211,,0022 ±± 22,,3333 2211,,4411±±33,,3311 >>00,,0055 
MMiinn –– MMaaxx 1166--2277 1155--2277
RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS 
Gender and ASA 
Patients’ characteristics 
GGeennddeerr AASSAA 
MMaallee 
nn ((%%)) 
FFeemmaallee 
nn ((%%)) 
AASSAA 11 
nn ((%%)) 
AASSAA22 
nn ((%%)) 
TTPPVVBB 1166 ((5555,,11)) 1133 ((4499,,11)) 1144 ((4488,,22)) 1122 ((4411,,33)) 
PPCCAA 1133 ((4499,,11)) 1166 ((5555,,11)) 1155 ((5511,,88)) 1177 ((5588,,77)) 
pp >> 00,,0055 >> 00,,0055
RESULTS AANNDD DDIISSCCUUSSSSIIOONNSS 
TTyyppee ooff ssuurrggeerryy 
TTPPVVBB PPCCAA pp 
nn %% nn %% 
Patients’ characteristics 
NNeepphhrroolliitthhoottoommyy 1100 3344,,55 1111 3388 
>>00,,0055 
uurreetteerraall ssttoonnee 
44 1133,,88 55 1177,,22 
rreemmoovvaall NNeepphhrroolliitthhoottoommyy ++ 
55 1177,,22 22 66,,99 
uurreetteerraall ssttoonnee 
rreemmoovvaall 
NNeepphhrreeccttoommyy 99 3311 99 3311 
Plastic of 
ppyyeelloonneepphhrriittiiss--ureter 11 33,,55 22 66,,99
RESULTS AANNDD DDIISSCCUUSSSSIIOONNSS 
SSiiddee ooff ooppeerraattiioonn aanndd iinncciissiioonn 
Patients’ characteristics 
SSiiddee ooff ooppeerraattiioonn iinncciissiioonn 
RRiigghhtt 
LLeefftt 
FFrreeyy 
nn ((%%)) 
nn ((%%)) 
nn ((%%)) 
PPaarraarreeccttaall 
nn ((%%)) 
TTPPVVBB 1133 ((4444,,88)) 1166 ((5555,,22)) 1155 ((5511,,88)) 1144 ((4488,,22)) 
PPCCAA 1144 ((4488,,22)) 1155 ((5511,,88)) 1100 ((3344,,55)) 1199 ((6655,,55)) 
pp >> 00,,0055 >> 00,,0055
RREESSUULLTTSS AANNDD DDIISSCCUUSSSSIIOONNSS 
Patients’ characteristics 
Duration of surgery, anesthesia, extubation 
TTPPVVBB PPCCAA pp 
DDuurraattiioonn ooff 
ssuurrggeerryy 
((mmiinnuuttee)) 
XX ± SSDD 84,89±23,69 98,62±33,98 
>>00,,0055 
MMiinn -- MMaaxx 45-150 50-200 
DDuurraattiioonn ooff 
aanneesstthheessiiaa 
((mmiinnuuttee)) 
XX ± SSDD 100,66±24,9 
9 115,0±34,33 >>00,,0055 
MMiinn -- MMaaxx 60-170 65-215 
DDuurraattiioonn ooff 
eexxttuubbaattiioonn 
((mmiinnuuttee)) 
XX ± SSDD 27,0±7,25 30,06±4,68 >>00,,0055 
MMiinn -- MMaaxx 15-45 20-44
RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS 
Patients’ characteristics 
Total amount of anesthetics, analgesics 
GGrroouupp PPrrooppooffooll 
((mmgg)) 
SSuuffeennttaanniill 
((μμgg)) 
TTPPVVBB 
XX ± SSDD 336677,,9933± 110033,,3355 333399,,6655± 5522,,44 
MMiinn -- MMaaxx 220000--770000 220000--445500 
PPCCAA 
XX ± SSDD 442200 ±110066,,8877 336633,,7799 ± 
6666,,6677 
MMiinn -- MMaaxx 220000--880000 330000--550000 
pp >>00,,0055 >>00,,0055
RREESSUULLTTSS AANNDD DDIISSCCUUSSSSIIOONNSS 
Length of the incision and number of drain 
TTPPVVBB PPCCAA pp 
LLeennggtthh ooff 
iinncciissiioonn 
((ccmm)) 
XX ± SSDD 2222,,6655±33,,7788 2222,,4488±33,,9999 
>>00,,0055 
MMiinn -- MMaaxx 1166--3355 1188--3355 
NNuummbbeerr 
ooff ddrraaiinn 
XX ± SSDD 11,,1177±00,,3388 11,,2211±00,,4499 
>>00,,0055 
MMiinn -- MMaaxx 11--22 11--33
RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS 
The criteria related to pain 
TTPPVVBB PPCCAA pp 
TTiimmee 
rreeqquuiirreedd ttoo 
ffiirrsstt 
aannaallggeessiicc 
((mmiinnuuttee)) 
XX ± SSDD 2299,,7722±77,,11 3322,,7755±66,,3377 
>>00,,0055 
MMiinn -- MMaaxx 1188--4466 2200--5500
V AS static 
RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS 
Biểu đồ điểm VAS tĩnh 
8 
7 
6 
5 
4 
3 
2 
1 
0 
VAS 0 
VAS0.25 
VAS0.5 
VAS12 
VAS16 
VAS20 
VAS24 
VAS30 
VAS36 
VAS42 
VAS48 
VAS1 
VAS4 
VAS8 
Thời điểm nghiên cứu 
Điểm đau VAS tĩnh 
Nhóm TêCCSN 
Nhóm PCA 
p<0,05 
p>0,05 
Karger 2013, nephrolithotomy, single-dose, VASs TPVB 2,3 vs <PCA 4,3 in 24h, 
p<0,05. Ji SB 2014: nephrectomy, single-dose, VASs TPVB <PCA 24h, p<0,05; 
Emmanuel 2005, postthoracotomy, continuous I, VASs TPVB <PCA in 36h PO, 
p<0,05.
RREESSUULLTTSS AANNDD DDIISSCCUUSSSSIIOONNSS 
VAS dynamic 
Biểu đồ điểm VAS động 
10 
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 
VAS0 
VAS0.25 
VAS0.5 
VAS12 
VAS16 
VAS20 
VAS24 
VAS30 
VAS36 
VAS42 
VAS48 
VAS1 
VAS4 
VAS8 
Thời điểm nghiên cứu 
Điểm đau VAS động 
Nhóm TêCCSN Nhóm PCA 
p<0,05 
p>0,05 
Subileau A 2011, nephrectomy, CI: VASd TPVB (5) sv PCA (8), p<0,05; Ji SB 2014: 
nephrectomy, single-dos, VASđ CCSN<PCA 24h, p<0,05. Denal 2004, breast surgery, 
CI, VASd TPVB<PCA in 24h; Emmanuel 2005, postthoracotomy, VASd TPVB<PCA in 
48h.
RESULTS AANNDD DDIISSCCUUSSSSIIOONNSS 
TTPPVVBB PPCCAA 
2244hh 
2244hh 
ttiiếếpp 
TTrroonngg 
4488hh 
2244hh 
đđầầuu 
2244hh 
ttiiếếpp 
TTrroonngg 
4488hh 
Analgesic consumption 
BBuuppiivvaaccaaiinn 
((mmgg)) 
XX ± SSDD 246,07 
± 18,03 
217,24± 
25,24 
463,31 ± 
41,26 
MMiinn -- MMaaxx 212-290 163-250 390-540 
SSuuffeennttaanniill 
((μμgg)) 
XX ± SSDD 98,43 ± 
7,21 
86,89 ± 
10,09 
185,32 ± 
16,5 
MMiinn -- MMaaxx 85-116 65-100 156-216 
MMooccpphhiinn 
((mmgg)) 
XX ± SSDD 00,,3344 37,37± 
7,28 
21,13±3 
,46 
58,17 ± 
9,60 
MMiinn -- MMaaxx 0-10 25-50 15-30 41-57 
Subileau 2011, nephrectomy, CI: TPVB 9mg sv PCA 39,5mg morph 24h, p<0,05; Karger 
2013, nephrolithotomy, , single-dose, TPVB 22,3±6,1 sv PCA 43,2±9,5mg mor24h,p<0,05 
Salah 2011: postthoracotomy, intermittent injection, TPVB 9mg sv PCA 36mg morph in 24h, 
p<0,05.
RREESSUULLTTSS AANNDD DDIISSCCUUSSSSIIOONNSS 
Patient satisfaction scores 
Số 30 
lượng 
bệnh 
25 
nhân 
20 
15 
10 
5 
0 
Hài 
lòng 
Sự hài lòng của Bệnh nhân 
p<0,05 
Rất 
hài 
lòng 
Nhóm Tê CCSN 
Nhóm PCA 
Chấp 
nhận 
được 
Mức độ hài lòng 
Our Results: TPVB 3,24 ± 0,43 sv PCA 2,97 ± 0,18, 4 point scale, p<0,05; 
Karger 2013, nephrolithotomy, single-dose, 5-point scale, TPVB (4,2 ± 0,6) sv 
PCA (2,4 ± 0,5), p<0,05; Samy 2014, nephrolithotomy, single-dose, 8,8 ± 1,1 
10-point scale
RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS 
 Post operative heart rate 
Biểu đồ nhịp tim 
b 
100 
90 
80 
70 
60 
50 
40 
30 
20 
10 
0 
TStim0 
TStim0.25 
TStim0.5 
p>0,05 
TStim12 
TStim16 
TStim20 
TStim24 
TStim30 
TStim36 
TStim42 
TStim48 
TStim1 
TStim4 
TStim8 
Thời điểm nghiên cứu 
Nhịp tim (lần/phút) 
Nhóm TêCCSN Nhóm PCA
RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS 
 Post operative average blood pressure 
Biểu đồ huyết áp trung bình 
120 
100 
80 
60 
40 
20 
0 
HATB0 
HATB0.25 
HATB0.5 
p>0,05 
HATB12 
HATB16 
HATB20 
HATB24 
HATB30 
HATB36 
HATB42 
HATB48 
HATB1 
HATB4 
HATB8 
Thời điểm nghiên cứu 
Giá trị huyết áp (mmHg) 
Nhóm TêCCSN Nhóm PCA
RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS 
 Post operative respiratory rate 
phút) 
25 
lần/Biểu đồ nhịp thở 
(20 
p>0,05 
thở 15 
Nhịp 10 
Nhóm TêCCSN Nhóm PCA 
5 
0 
TStho0 
TStho0.25 
TStho0.5 
TStho1 
TStho4 
TStho8 
TStho12 
TStho16 
TStho20 
TStho24 
TStho30 
TStho36 
TStho42 
TStho48 
Thời điểm nghiên cứu
RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS 
 Post operative Spo2 
p>0,05
RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS 
Side effects:  nausea, vomiting, pruritus 
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 
Số lượng 
bệnh nhân 
Biểu đồ tác dụng phụ 
Buồn 
nôn 
Nôn Mẩn 
ngứa Tác dụng phụ 
Nhóm Tê CCSN Nhóm PCA 
p<0,05 
Our Results: TPVB 17,2% sv PCA 41,3%, p<0,05. 
Karger 2013, nephrolithotomy, single-dose, nausea, vomiting: TPVB 8% sv 
PCA 42,8%, p<0,05; Emmanuel 2005, postthoracotomy, nausea, vomiting: 
TPVB 5% sv PCA 45%, p<0,05; Ashraf 2007, laparoscopic cholecystectomy, 
TBVB 14,2% sv PCA 57,1%, p<0,05.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS 
 Side effects: Sedation level, time of gaz 
CCCCSSNN PPCCAA pp 
SSeeddaattiioonn 
((RRaammssaayy)) 
XX ± SSDD 22,,0055±±00,,1144 22,,99 ±±00,,1188 
<<00,,0055 
MMiinn -- MMaaxx 11--33 11-- 44 
Time of 
gaz ((hh)) 
XX ± SSDD 4488,,3344 ±±88,,5533 5599,,0033 ±±55,,7755 
<<00,,0055 
MMiinn -- MMaaxx 2288--6666 4466--7722
CCOONNCCLLUUSSIIOONN 
 Effective analgesic of thoracic paravertebral block by 
bupivacaine-sufentanil is better morphine intravenous PCA after 
kidney-ureter surgery: 
 VAS score was lower in static and dynamic 
 The rate higher satisfaction 
 Side effects: nausea, vomiting, pruritus, sedation level lower. 
 Gaz shorter time 
 The complications: vascular puncture 3.4%, other 
complications not encountered (local anesthetic toxicity, pleural 
puncture, pneumothorax ...).
Thank you!

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Nguyen hong thuy ta

  • 1. Ministry of Education and Training Ministry of Health Bach Mai Hospital  NGUYEN HONG THUY Comparison of analgesic effects of thoracic paravertebral block by bupivacaine-sufentanil with morphine intravenously patient controlled analgesia after kidney-ureter surgery Vice professor. NGUYỄN QUỐC ANH Professor. NGUYỄN QUỐC KÍNH
  • 2. INTRODUCTION  Postoperative pain wwaass iinntteerreesstteedd bbyy tthhee AAnneesstthheettiisstt  TThheerree aarree mmaannyy tthheerraappeeuuttiicc mmeetthhoodd ttoo ttrreeaatt ppoossttooppeerraattiivvee ppaaiinn:: DDrruuggss ((ssyysstteemmiicc,, rreeggiioonnaall aanneesstthheessiiaa)),, nnoonn-- pphhaarrmmaaccoollooggiiccaall mmeetthhooddss..  AAnnaallggeessiiccss aarree mmaaiinnllyy uusseedd aass mmooccpphhiinn,, ggoooodd ppaaiinn rreelliieeff bbuutt hhaavvee ssiiddee eeffffeeccttss..  RReeggiioonnaall aanneesstthheessiiaa hhaass mmaannyy bbeenneeffiittss:: bbeetttteerr ppaaiinn rreelliieeff,, ffeewweerr ssiiddee eeffffeeccttss,, hhiigghheerr ssaattiissffaaccttiioonn,, rreedduucceedd hhoossppiittaalliizzaattiioonn ttiimmee..  AAnnaallggeessiicc eeffffeeccttss ooff TTPPVVBB:: GGoooodd~~wwiitthh eeppiidduurraall aannaallggeessiiaa,, tthheerree aarree mmaannyy tteecchhnniiccaall aaddvvaannttaaggeess aanndd cclliinniiccaall..
  • 3. Objective 11.. Comparison of analgesic effects of thoracic paravertebral block by bupivacaine-sufentanil with morphine intravenously patient controlled analgesia after kidney-ureter surgery block by 22.. CCoommppaarriissoonn ooff side effects ooff ttwwoo mmeetthhooddss..
  • 4. Subjects and Methods  Criteria included  Open surgery under the program with renal and ureteral an incision unilateral.  Age over 18, regardless of gender, agreed collaborative research.  Physical body ASA status I - II and I.renal ≤ 2.  Anesthesia endotracheal and is expected to extubation in the recovery room  No contraindications of TPVB  No contraindications of anesthetic bupivacaine, sufentanil and morphine.
  • 5. Subjects and Methods  Exclusion criteria included  Patients’ refusal  Planned bilateral kidney-ureter surgery  Patients with a history and current mental disease  Patients with severe cardiopulmonary disease, severe liver failure, kidney failure grade 3-4.  History of opioid dependence or addiction  Contraindications of Thoracic Paravertebral Block  Complications of surgery and anesthesia; required prolonged mechanical ventilation (over 4 hours) in the recovery room or intensive care.
  • 6. SSuubbjjeeccttss aanndd MMeetthhooddss  SSttuuddyy DDeessiiggnn:: Random ::ised Controlled Clinical Trials  SSaammppllee ssiizzee :: 58 patients were divided into 2 groups  SSaammpplliinngg:: •• GGrroouupp 11:: TThhoorraacciicc PPaarraavveerrtteebbrraall BBlloocckk •• GGrroouupp 22:: PPCCAA wwiitthh mmoorrpphhiinnee..  TTiimmee aanndd ppllaaccee ooff ssttuuddyy:: -- TTiimmee ssttuuddyy:: from 9/2013 to 06/2014.. -- TTiimmee aannaallggeessiicc:: 4488hh ppoossttooppeerraattiioonn -- In Anesthesiology Health Bach Mai Hospital
  • 7. Subjects and Methods * OPERATION 1. Patients anesthetized preparation 2. Preparation machines, instruments, drugs * Preparation of drugs + Local anesthetic: - Lidocain 2% tube 10 ml (Hungari), Sufentanil tube 50mg/1 ml, Bupivacain 0,5% tube 20ml- AstraZeneca, Adrenaline tube 1mg/1ml. + Morphin tube 10mg = 1ml + Anesthetics and resuscitation * Sterile instruments for anesthesia: epidural anesthesia needle; syringes, sterile tray and attempted shirt, betadin antiseptic solution, sterile gant.
  • 8. SSuubbjjeeccttss aanndd MMeetthhooddss  PPCCAA:: PPeerrffuussoorr ccoommppaannyy BB//BBrraauunn ooff GGeerrmmaannyy  MMoonniittoorriinngg aanndd rreessuusscciittaattiioonn eeqquuiippmmeenntt
  • 9. SSuubbjjeeccttss aanndd MMeetthhooddss  Thoracic Paravertebral Block: a loss of resistance Positions anesthesia spinous process paravertebral space 2,5 cm Transverse process Pleural T9-10
  • 10. SSuubbjjeeccttss aanndd MMeetthhooddss  Method of endotracheal anesthesia in a common regimen * Pre-anesthesia: midazolam * Induction: propofol, fentanyl, curare * Maintenance of anesthesia: propofol, fentanyl, curare. * Patients were awakened and extubation: in the recovery room
  • 11. SSuubbjjeeccttss aanndd MMeetthhooddss  DDeessiiggnn ppoossttooppeerraattiivvee aannaallggeessiiaa :: tthhee ppaattiieenntt iiss aawwaakkee,, ttrraacchheeaall eexxttuubbaattiioonn aanndd VVAASS>> 44  GGrroouupp 11:: - TThhee ffiirrsstt ddoossee 00,,33mmll//kkgg ssoolluuttiioonn ((bbuuppiivvaaccaaiinn 00,,112255%%--ssuuffeennttaanniill 00,,55μμgg//mmll + aaddrreennaalliinn 11//440000..000000)) bbyy ccaatthheetteerr tthhoorraacciicc ppaarraavveerrtteebbrraall -- CCoonnttiinnuuoouuss iinnffuussiioonn aatt rraattee ooff 55 -- 1100 mmll//hh..  GGrroouupp 22:: PPCCAA wwiitthh iinnttrraavveennoouuss mmoorrpphhiinnee.. TThhee ffiirrsstt ddoossee 11mmgg,, eeaacchh bboolluuss:: 11mmgg,, lloocckk ttiimmee:: 88 pphhúútt,, tthhee mmaaxxiimmuumm ddoossee:: 1155mmgg//44hh,, nnoott ttrraannssmmiitt bbaassiicc ddaattaa..
  • 12. SSuubbjjeeccttss aanndd MMeetthhooddss  TThhee mmaaiinn eevvaalluuaattiioonn ccrriitteerriiaa ** TTaarrggeett 11 - PPaaiinn ssccoorreess VVAASS:: static and dynamic -- TThhee ttoottaall amount ooff llooccaall aanneesstthheettiicc aanndd ssuuffeennttaanniill:: ffiirrsstt ddaayy,, sseeccoonndd ddaayy aanndd ttwwoo ddaayyss aafftteerr ssuurrggeerryy iinn tthhee TTPPVVBB ggrroouupp.. - TThhee ttoottaall amount ooff mmoorrpphhiinnee rreeqquuiirreemmeennttss:: ffiirrsstt ddaayy,, sseeccoonndd ddaayy aanndd ttwwoo ddaayyss aafftteerr ssuurrggeerryy iinn tthhee PPCCAA ggrroouupp.. - Number of patients with need for supplemental administration aanndd ttoottaall ooff morphine - PPaattiieenntt ssaattiissffaaccttiioonn ssccoorreess
  • 13. SSuubbjjeeccttss aanndd MMeetthhooddss ** TTaarrggeett 22 + HHeeaarrtt rraattee,, aarrtteerriiaall bblloooodd pprreessssuurree,, rreessppiirraattoorryy rraattee,, SSppOO22 iinn 4488hh aafftteerr ssuurrggeerryy.. + TThhee ccoommpplliiccaattiioonnss rreellaatteedd ttoo TTPPVVBB + TThhee OOtthheerr ssiiddee eeffffeeccttss:: nnaauusseeaa,, vvoommiittiinngg,, pprruurriittuuss,, sseeddaattiioonn eexxcceessssiivvee,, recovery time peristalsis ** OOtthheerr eevvaalluuaattiioonn ccrriitteerriiaa  AAggee,, ggeennddeerr,, hheeiigghhtt,, wweeiigghhtt,, BBMMII,, AASSAA..  TToottaall ooff aanneesstthheettiiccss,, aannaallggeessiiccss..  DDuurraattiioonn ooff ssuurrggeerryy,, ttiimmee ooff aanneesstthheessiiaa,, aanndd ttiimmee ooff eexxttuubbaattiioonn..  MMeetthhoodd ooff ooppeerraattiioonn,, iinncciissiioonn,, ddrraaiinnaaggee qquuaannttiittyy
  • 14. SSuubbjjeeccttss aanndd MMeetthhooddss  SSttaattiissttiiccaall aannaallyyssiiss:: SSPPSSSS 1199..00 QQuuaannttiittaattiivvee vvaarriiaabblleess wweerree ddeessccrriibbeedd aass mmeeaann aanndd ssttaannddaarrdd ddeevviiaattiioonn ((SSDD)).. CCoommppaarriissoonn ooff 22 ggrroouuppss:: TTeesstt TT –– SSttuuddeenntt  QQuuaalliittaattiivvee vvaarriiaabblleess wweerree ddeessccrriibbeedd iinn tteerrmmss ooff tthhee ppeerrcceennttaaggee ((%%))  CChhii--ssqquuaarree tteesstt.. pp<00,,0055  TThhee ddiiffffeerreennccee wwaass ssttaattiissttiiccaallllyy ssiiggnniiffiiccaanntt.. X
  • 15. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS Age, Height, Weight, BMI GGrroouupp pp TTPPVVBB PPCCAA Patients’ characteristics AAggee ((yyeeaarr)) XX ± SSDD 4488,,6688±±1111,,5588 4477,,0066±±1144,,0088 >>00,,0055 MMiinn –– MMaaxx 2288--6688 2222--7722 HHeeiigghhtt ((ccmm)) XX ± SSDD 116600,,66 ±± 88,,0055 115599,,9933±±77,,0033 >>00,,0055 MMiinn –– MMaaxx 114455--117755 114433--117755 WWeeiigghhtt ((kkgg)) XX ± SSDD 5544,,55 ±± 88,,8899 5555,,11±±1111,,2255 >>00,,0055 MMiinn –– MMaaxx 4400--7733 3355--8844 BBMMII XX ± SSDD 2211,,0022 ±± 22,,3333 2211,,4411±±33,,3311 >>00,,0055 MMiinn –– MMaaxx 1166--2277 1155--2277
  • 16. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS Gender and ASA Patients’ characteristics GGeennddeerr AASSAA MMaallee nn ((%%)) FFeemmaallee nn ((%%)) AASSAA 11 nn ((%%)) AASSAA22 nn ((%%)) TTPPVVBB 1166 ((5555,,11)) 1133 ((4499,,11)) 1144 ((4488,,22)) 1122 ((4411,,33)) PPCCAA 1133 ((4499,,11)) 1166 ((5555,,11)) 1155 ((5511,,88)) 1177 ((5588,,77)) pp >> 00,,0055 >> 00,,0055
  • 17. RESULTS AANNDD DDIISSCCUUSSSSIIOONNSS TTyyppee ooff ssuurrggeerryy TTPPVVBB PPCCAA pp nn %% nn %% Patients’ characteristics NNeepphhrroolliitthhoottoommyy 1100 3344,,55 1111 3388 >>00,,0055 uurreetteerraall ssttoonnee 44 1133,,88 55 1177,,22 rreemmoovvaall NNeepphhrroolliitthhoottoommyy ++ 55 1177,,22 22 66,,99 uurreetteerraall ssttoonnee rreemmoovvaall NNeepphhrreeccttoommyy 99 3311 99 3311 Plastic of ppyyeelloonneepphhrriittiiss--ureter 11 33,,55 22 66,,99
  • 18. RESULTS AANNDD DDIISSCCUUSSSSIIOONNSS SSiiddee ooff ooppeerraattiioonn aanndd iinncciissiioonn Patients’ characteristics SSiiddee ooff ooppeerraattiioonn iinncciissiioonn RRiigghhtt LLeefftt FFrreeyy nn ((%%)) nn ((%%)) nn ((%%)) PPaarraarreeccttaall nn ((%%)) TTPPVVBB 1133 ((4444,,88)) 1166 ((5555,,22)) 1155 ((5511,,88)) 1144 ((4488,,22)) PPCCAA 1144 ((4488,,22)) 1155 ((5511,,88)) 1100 ((3344,,55)) 1199 ((6655,,55)) pp >> 00,,0055 >> 00,,0055
  • 19. RREESSUULLTTSS AANNDD DDIISSCCUUSSSSIIOONNSS Patients’ characteristics Duration of surgery, anesthesia, extubation TTPPVVBB PPCCAA pp DDuurraattiioonn ooff ssuurrggeerryy ((mmiinnuuttee)) XX ± SSDD 84,89±23,69 98,62±33,98 >>00,,0055 MMiinn -- MMaaxx 45-150 50-200 DDuurraattiioonn ooff aanneesstthheessiiaa ((mmiinnuuttee)) XX ± SSDD 100,66±24,9 9 115,0±34,33 >>00,,0055 MMiinn -- MMaaxx 60-170 65-215 DDuurraattiioonn ooff eexxttuubbaattiioonn ((mmiinnuuttee)) XX ± SSDD 27,0±7,25 30,06±4,68 >>00,,0055 MMiinn -- MMaaxx 15-45 20-44
  • 20. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS Patients’ characteristics Total amount of anesthetics, analgesics GGrroouupp PPrrooppooffooll ((mmgg)) SSuuffeennttaanniill ((μμgg)) TTPPVVBB XX ± SSDD 336677,,9933± 110033,,3355 333399,,6655± 5522,,44 MMiinn -- MMaaxx 220000--770000 220000--445500 PPCCAA XX ± SSDD 442200 ±110066,,8877 336633,,7799 ± 6666,,6677 MMiinn -- MMaaxx 220000--880000 330000--550000 pp >>00,,0055 >>00,,0055
  • 21. RREESSUULLTTSS AANNDD DDIISSCCUUSSSSIIOONNSS Length of the incision and number of drain TTPPVVBB PPCCAA pp LLeennggtthh ooff iinncciissiioonn ((ccmm)) XX ± SSDD 2222,,6655±33,,7788 2222,,4488±33,,9999 >>00,,0055 MMiinn -- MMaaxx 1166--3355 1188--3355 NNuummbbeerr ooff ddrraaiinn XX ± SSDD 11,,1177±00,,3388 11,,2211±00,,4499 >>00,,0055 MMiinn -- MMaaxx 11--22 11--33
  • 22. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS The criteria related to pain TTPPVVBB PPCCAA pp TTiimmee rreeqquuiirreedd ttoo ffiirrsstt aannaallggeessiicc ((mmiinnuuttee)) XX ± SSDD 2299,,7722±77,,11 3322,,7755±66,,3377 >>00,,0055 MMiinn -- MMaaxx 1188--4466 2200--5500
  • 23. V AS static RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS Biểu đồ điểm VAS tĩnh 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 VAS 0 VAS0.25 VAS0.5 VAS12 VAS16 VAS20 VAS24 VAS30 VAS36 VAS42 VAS48 VAS1 VAS4 VAS8 Thời điểm nghiên cứu Điểm đau VAS tĩnh Nhóm TêCCSN Nhóm PCA p<0,05 p>0,05 Karger 2013, nephrolithotomy, single-dose, VASs TPVB 2,3 vs <PCA 4,3 in 24h, p<0,05. Ji SB 2014: nephrectomy, single-dose, VASs TPVB <PCA 24h, p<0,05; Emmanuel 2005, postthoracotomy, continuous I, VASs TPVB <PCA in 36h PO, p<0,05.
  • 24. RREESSUULLTTSS AANNDD DDIISSCCUUSSSSIIOONNSS VAS dynamic Biểu đồ điểm VAS động 10 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 VAS0 VAS0.25 VAS0.5 VAS12 VAS16 VAS20 VAS24 VAS30 VAS36 VAS42 VAS48 VAS1 VAS4 VAS8 Thời điểm nghiên cứu Điểm đau VAS động Nhóm TêCCSN Nhóm PCA p<0,05 p>0,05 Subileau A 2011, nephrectomy, CI: VASd TPVB (5) sv PCA (8), p<0,05; Ji SB 2014: nephrectomy, single-dos, VASđ CCSN<PCA 24h, p<0,05. Denal 2004, breast surgery, CI, VASd TPVB<PCA in 24h; Emmanuel 2005, postthoracotomy, VASd TPVB<PCA in 48h.
  • 25. RESULTS AANNDD DDIISSCCUUSSSSIIOONNSS TTPPVVBB PPCCAA 2244hh 2244hh ttiiếếpp TTrroonngg 4488hh 2244hh đđầầuu 2244hh ttiiếếpp TTrroonngg 4488hh Analgesic consumption BBuuppiivvaaccaaiinn ((mmgg)) XX ± SSDD 246,07 ± 18,03 217,24± 25,24 463,31 ± 41,26 MMiinn -- MMaaxx 212-290 163-250 390-540 SSuuffeennttaanniill ((μμgg)) XX ± SSDD 98,43 ± 7,21 86,89 ± 10,09 185,32 ± 16,5 MMiinn -- MMaaxx 85-116 65-100 156-216 MMooccpphhiinn ((mmgg)) XX ± SSDD 00,,3344 37,37± 7,28 21,13±3 ,46 58,17 ± 9,60 MMiinn -- MMaaxx 0-10 25-50 15-30 41-57 Subileau 2011, nephrectomy, CI: TPVB 9mg sv PCA 39,5mg morph 24h, p<0,05; Karger 2013, nephrolithotomy, , single-dose, TPVB 22,3±6,1 sv PCA 43,2±9,5mg mor24h,p<0,05 Salah 2011: postthoracotomy, intermittent injection, TPVB 9mg sv PCA 36mg morph in 24h, p<0,05.
  • 26. RREESSUULLTTSS AANNDD DDIISSCCUUSSSSIIOONNSS Patient satisfaction scores Số 30 lượng bệnh 25 nhân 20 15 10 5 0 Hài lòng Sự hài lòng của Bệnh nhân p<0,05 Rất hài lòng Nhóm Tê CCSN Nhóm PCA Chấp nhận được Mức độ hài lòng Our Results: TPVB 3,24 ± 0,43 sv PCA 2,97 ± 0,18, 4 point scale, p<0,05; Karger 2013, nephrolithotomy, single-dose, 5-point scale, TPVB (4,2 ± 0,6) sv PCA (2,4 ± 0,5), p<0,05; Samy 2014, nephrolithotomy, single-dose, 8,8 ± 1,1 10-point scale
  • 27. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS  Post operative heart rate Biểu đồ nhịp tim b 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 TStim0 TStim0.25 TStim0.5 p>0,05 TStim12 TStim16 TStim20 TStim24 TStim30 TStim36 TStim42 TStim48 TStim1 TStim4 TStim8 Thời điểm nghiên cứu Nhịp tim (lần/phút) Nhóm TêCCSN Nhóm PCA
  • 28. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS  Post operative average blood pressure Biểu đồ huyết áp trung bình 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 HATB0 HATB0.25 HATB0.5 p>0,05 HATB12 HATB16 HATB20 HATB24 HATB30 HATB36 HATB42 HATB48 HATB1 HATB4 HATB8 Thời điểm nghiên cứu Giá trị huyết áp (mmHg) Nhóm TêCCSN Nhóm PCA
  • 29. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS  Post operative respiratory rate phút) 25 lần/Biểu đồ nhịp thở (20 p>0,05 thở 15 Nhịp 10 Nhóm TêCCSN Nhóm PCA 5 0 TStho0 TStho0.25 TStho0.5 TStho1 TStho4 TStho8 TStho12 TStho16 TStho20 TStho24 TStho30 TStho36 TStho42 TStho48 Thời điểm nghiên cứu
  • 30. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS  Post operative Spo2 p>0,05
  • 31. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS Side effects:  nausea, vomiting, pruritus 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Số lượng bệnh nhân Biểu đồ tác dụng phụ Buồn nôn Nôn Mẩn ngứa Tác dụng phụ Nhóm Tê CCSN Nhóm PCA p<0,05 Our Results: TPVB 17,2% sv PCA 41,3%, p<0,05. Karger 2013, nephrolithotomy, single-dose, nausea, vomiting: TPVB 8% sv PCA 42,8%, p<0,05; Emmanuel 2005, postthoracotomy, nausea, vomiting: TPVB 5% sv PCA 45%, p<0,05; Ashraf 2007, laparoscopic cholecystectomy, TBVB 14,2% sv PCA 57,1%, p<0,05.
  • 32. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS  Side effects: Sedation level, time of gaz CCCCSSNN PPCCAA pp SSeeddaattiioonn ((RRaammssaayy)) XX ± SSDD 22,,0055±±00,,1144 22,,99 ±±00,,1188 <<00,,0055 MMiinn -- MMaaxx 11--33 11-- 44 Time of gaz ((hh)) XX ± SSDD 4488,,3344 ±±88,,5533 5599,,0033 ±±55,,7755 <<00,,0055 MMiinn -- MMaaxx 2288--6666 4466--7722
  • 33. CCOONNCCLLUUSSIIOONN  Effective analgesic of thoracic paravertebral block by bupivacaine-sufentanil is better morphine intravenous PCA after kidney-ureter surgery:  VAS score was lower in static and dynamic  The rate higher satisfaction  Side effects: nausea, vomiting, pruritus, sedation level lower.  Gaz shorter time  The complications: vascular puncture 3.4%, other complications not encountered (local anesthetic toxicity, pleural puncture, pneumothorax ...).