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CURRICULUM VITAE

Name : Emad Elbeltagi
Current Position: Professor

Address :
Dept. of Structural Eng., Mansoura University
Mansoura 35516
Egypt

Tel : (+050) 224-4105 Ext. 1285
Fax : (+50) 224-4690

E-mail : eelbelta@mans.edu.eg, eelbelta@uwaterloo.ca
Homepage : http://osp.mans.edu.eg/elbeltagi, www.eng.uwaterloo.ca/~eelbelta

1. QUALIFICATION HIGHLIGHTS:

• Strong research background. Authored and Co-authored more than 50 research papers. Presented
papers in a number of conferences and seminars in the USA, Canada, Mexico, Greece, turkey,
Saudi Arabia and Egypt.
• Extensive research experience on construction management, site layout planning, resource
management, repetitive and linear project planning and scheduling, cost estimation, asset and
infrastructure management systems, multi-criteria decision analysis, and optimization using
evolutionary algorithms.
• Expertise on construction management computer-related applications.
• Project/Construction Management, Planning and Co-ordination. Preparation of Tender Documents.
Designing, Preparation of Bill of Quantities and Cost Estimates, etc.
• Teaching of many courses related to Construction Engineering and Management.

2. EDUCATION:

Dec 1996 – Jan 2000: Ph.D. in Construction Engineering and Management, Joint supervision
between University of Waterloo, CANADA and Mansoura University,
Mansoura, EGYPT.

Thesis: “Construction Site Management”. This study optimizes the placing
of the temporary facilities within the boundaries of the construction site. An
integrated model developed using three different modules: A knowledge
base module to identify the facilities and to determine their areas; a fuzzy
logic module to determine their relationships; and a genetic algorithm
module to optimize their placement. The research also involves an extensive
programming work using “Visual Basic for Applications”, “Microsoft Excel
97” and “Microsoft Project 98”.

Dec 1990 – Jan 1993: M.Sc. in Construction Engineering and Management, Thesis: “Scheduling
Construction Projects Under Multiple Resource Constraints by Heuristic
Methods”, Mansoura University, Mansoura, EGYPT.

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Oct 1981 – Jun 1986: B.Sc. in Civil Engineering, grade: Very Good with Honor’s Degree,
83.18%, rank = 6/482.

Nov 1995 – Nov 1995: Training course on Project Management conducted by Energy Conservation
& Environmental Protection Project, Mansoura, Egypt.

Jul 1985 – Aug 1985: Training for 6 weeks with the Arab Contractors Company, Egypt, in one of
their projects in Mansoura, Egypt.

Jul 1984 – Aug 1984: Training for 6 weeks with the Arab Contractors Company, Egypt, in their
training center in Giza, Egypt.

Jul 1983 – Aug 1983: Training for 6 weeks with the Arab Contractors Company, Egypt, in their
training center in Tanta, Egypt.

3. EMPLOYMENT HISTORY AND EXPERIENCE:

Mar 2011 – Present : Professor – Structural Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering,
Mansoura University, EGYPT. Duties include conducting research work,
supervising graduate students and teaching the following graduate and
undergraduate courses:
- Construction Project Management (Graduation Project: Mansoura
University, AASTMT, Shorouk Academy).
- Systems Analysis for Construction Engineers (CB312), 6th term, Arab
Academy for Science, Technology & Maritime Transport.
- Techniques of Planning, Scheduling and Project Control (CB517), 8th
term, Arab Academy for Science, Technology & Maritime Transport.
- Advanced Project Management (Graduate Course).

Sep 2005 – Mar 2011 : Associate Professor – Structural Engineering Department, Faculty of
Engineering, Mansoura University, EGYPT. Duties include conducting
research work, supervising graduate students and teaching the following
graduate and undergraduate courses:
- Construction Project Management, 3rd year Civil, Mansoura University.
- Construction Project Management (Graduation Project: Mansoura
University, Tanta University, AASTMT, Cairo University, Shorouk
Academy).
- Systems Analysis for Construction Engineers (CB312), 6th term, Arab
Academy for Science, Technology & Maritime Transport.
- Techniques of Planning, Scheduling and Project Control (CB517), 8th
term, Arab Academy for Science, Technology & Maritime Transport.
- Construction Project Management (CE502) Misr University for Science
and Technology.
- Engineering Economy.
- Artificial Intelligence & Expert Systems (CB711 - Graduate Course),
Arab Academy for Science, Technology & Maritime Transport.
- Project Planning and Resource Allocation (CB717 – Graduate Course),
- Techniques of Planning and Scheduling (CB612 – Pre-master Course),

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Nov 2010: Visiting Professor – Faculty of Engineering, University of Waterloo, Dubai
campus, Dubai, UAE. Duties include conducting collaborative research with
Dr. Donald Grierson in multi-objective optimization.

Sep 2008 – Dec 2008: Visiting Research Associate Professor – Faculty of Engineering, Waterloo
University, Ontario, Canada. Duties include conducting collaborative
research with Dr. Donald Grierson and Dr. Tarek Hegazy in multi-objective
optimization and multi-criteria decision making.

Feb 2000 – Aug 2005 : Assistant Professor – Structural Engineering Department, Faculty of
research work, supervising graduate students and teaching the following
graduate and undergraduate courses:
- Construction Project Management, 3rd year Civil, Mansoura University.
- Construction Project Management (Graduation Project).

Jul 2005 – Aug 2005: Post-Doctoral Fellow – Faculty of Engineering, Waterloo University,
Ontario, Canada. Duties include conducting research in optimization and
computer modeling.

Aug 2003 – Dec 2004: Research Associate – Faculty of Engineering, Waterloo University, Ontario,
Canada. Duties include conducting collaborative research with Dr. Donald
Grierson and Dr. Tarek Hegazy in optimization and computer modeling.

Oct 2001 – May 2003: Project Management Specialist (part-time) at OPTEAM Project
Management Consultants Inc., Ontario, Canada (www.opteam1.com). Duties
include software development, training, providing consultation to the industry.

Aug 2001 – Jul 2003: NSERC’s Post-Doctoral Fellow – Faculty of Engineering, Waterloo
University, Ontario, Canada. Duties include conducting collaborative
research with Dr. Tarek Hegazy.

Jul 2000 – Sep 2000: Post-Doctoral Fellow – Faculty of Engineering, Waterloo University,
Ontario, Canada. Duties include research with Dr. Tarek Hegazy.

Jul 1997 – Aug 1999: Visiting Scholar – Faculty of Engineering, Waterloo University, Ontario,
Canada. Duties include conducting my research work towards obtaining my
Ph.D.

Oct 1993 – Jan 2000: Assistant Lecturer – Structural Engineering Department, Faculty of
research work and tutoring the following undergraduate courses:
- Construction Project Management, 4th year Civil.
- Structural Analysis, 1st year Civil.

Oct 1988 – Sep 1993: Research Assistant – Structural Engineering Department, Faculty of
research work and tutoring the following undergraduate courses:
- Construction Project Management, 4th year Civil.
- Structural Analysis, 1st year Civil.
- Strength of Materials, 2nd year Civil.
- Reinforced Concrete Design, 2nd year Civil.

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Oct 1988 - Jun 1997: Civil/Structural Engineer (Part-time) – Dr. Mahmoud Elgamal Consulting
Office, Mansoura, EGYPT. Duties include the structural design of a variety
of concrete multi-story buildings, and sharing in the design of many steel
buildings.

Jan 1988 – Sep 1988: Civil/Structural Engineer (Full-time) – Dr. Mahmoud Elgamal Consulting
Office, Mansoura, EGYPT. Duties include the design and supervision on
construction of many projects. This includes the preparation of structural
design drawings for projects.

Oct 1986 – Dec 1987: Military Service – the Egyptian Armed Forces, Metallic Floating Bridges
Department. Duties include the construction and maintenance of such type of
bridges.

4. PROFESSIONAL AFFILIATIONS:

• Member of the Egyptian Engineers Syndicate
• Member of the American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE)
• Member of the Professional Engineers Ontario (PEO)

5. PROFESSIONAL ACTIVITIES AND SERVICES:

• Reviewer for the following journals:
- Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, American Society of Civil Engineers.
- Journal of Computing in Civil Engineering, American Society of Civil Engineers.
- Journal of Construction Management and Economics, Taylor & Francis Group.
- Journal of Automation in Construction, Elsevier Publishing.
- Journal of Advances in Structural Engineering, Multi-Science Publishing.
- Computer-Aided Civil and Infrastructure Engineering Journal, Wiley-Blackwell Publishing.
- Emirates Journal of Engineering Research (EJER), United Arab Emirates University.
- Journal of Infrastructure Systems, American Society of Civil Engineers.
- Operational Research: An International Journal (ORIJ), Springer Publishing.
- Journal of Mathematics and Computers in Simulation, Elsevier Publishing.
- Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering.
- Journal of Engineering with Computers, Springer.
- IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation, ScholarOne.

• Reviewer for the following conferences:
- 7th Mansoura International Engineering Conference, 2010.
- Construction Research Congress (CRC), ASCE, 2010.
- 13th International Colloquium in Structural and Geotechnical Engineering, 2009.
- 2nd International Conference on Construction In Developing Countries (ICCIDC-II), "Advancing
and Integrating Construction Education, Research & Practice”, 2010.
- 3rd International / 9th Construction Specialty Conference, CSCE, Ottawa, Ontario, 2011.

• Reviewer for the following agencies:
- ITIDA - Information Technology Industry Development Agency, Egypt.
- STDF – Science and Technology Development Fund, Egypt.

• Theses Examination:
- "‫ ,ﻓﻼح ﻋﺒﺪ اﷲ اﻟﺴﺒﻴﻌﻰ "أراء واﺗﺠﺎهﺎت اﻟﻌﺎﻣﻠﻴﻦ ﺣﻮل اﻟﺨﺼﺨﺼﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻄﺒﻴﻖ ﻋﻠﻰ وزارة اﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﺎء واﻟﻤﺎء ﺑﺪوﻟﺔ اﻟﻜﻮﻳﺖ‬Master
Thesis, Structural Engineering Department, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt, Nov. 5th, 2009.

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- "Predicting Pavement Performance Using Markov Chain Mode," Ehab Samir Awad Alla Erian,
Master Thesis, Structural Engineering Department, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt, Jan. 27th, 2010.

- "‫ ,أﺵﺮف ﻋﺒﺪ اﻟﺸﻬﻴﺪ ﻋﻠﻴﻮة ﺣﺴﻦ "ﺗﺨﺼﻴﺺ اﻟﻤﺨﺎﻃﺮ واﻟﺤﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮهﺎ ﻓﻰ ﻣﺸﺮوﻋﺎت اﻟﻘﻨﺎﻃﺮ ﺑﻤﺼﺮ‬Master Thesis,
Structural Engineering Department, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt, Mar. 11th, 2010.

- “Decision Support System for Construction Projects Feasibility Analysis," Khaled Mohamed
Youssef, Master Thesis, Civil Engineering Department, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt, Mar. 10th,
2011.

- “Integrated Visualized Framework for Repetitive Construction Projects Control," Mahmoud
Dawood, Doctoral Thesis, Structural Engineering Department, Mansoura University, Mansoura,
Egypt, Mar. 13th, 2011.

- "‫ ,زﻳﺪ ﺥﺎﻟﺪ ﻣﺼﻠﺢ اﻟﻤﻄﻴﺮي " دراﺱﺔ ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﻥﺠﺎح ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻖ اﻟﻬﻨﺪﺱﺔ اﻟﻘﻴﻤﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺸﺮوﻋﺎت اﻟﺘﺸﻴﻴﺪ ﺑﺪوﻟﺔ اﻟﻜﻮﻳﺖ‬Master Thesis,
Structural Engineering Department, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt, Apr. 3rd, 2011.

- “Value Engineering Model for Construction Projects," Hakem Safwat, Master Thesis, Structural
Engineering Department, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt, Apr. 20th, 2011.

- “Construction Materials Waste Assessment using Artificial Neural Networks" Khaled Kamal
Eldeen, Master Thesis, Construction and Building Engineering Department, Arab Academy for
Science & Technology and Maritime Transport, Alexandria, Egypt, May 8th, 2011.

- “Selecting a Suitable Contract Strategy for Construction Projects in Egypt" Nabil Mohamed Abd
El-Baset, Master Thesis, Construction and Building Engineering Department, Arab Academy for
Science & Technology and Maritime Transport, Cairo, Egypt, May 24th, 2011.

- “Towards Promoting Sustainable Construction in Egypt: A Life-cycle Cost Approach" Minas Nagy
Assad, Master Thesis, Architecture and Construction Engineering Department, The American
University in Cairo, Egypt, June 9th, 2011.

- “Optimum Analysis of Construction Projects with Nonlinear Cash Flow," Haytham Sanad,
Doctoral Thesis, Structural Engineering Department, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt, June 29th,
2011.

6. COMPUTER RELATED SKILLS:

• Good programming ability using Visual Basic programming language to write Windows-based
programs.
• Excellent programming ability using Visual Basic for Applications (VBA) to write Macro programs
for Microsoft Excel, Microsoft project, and Microsoft Word.
• Excellent programming ability using ForTran.
• Familiar with the following software packages:
- Microsoft Word (word processing)
- Microsoft Excel (spreadsheet) and
- Microsoft PowerPoint (presentation)
• Experienced in Microsoft Project (project management).
• Experienced in Primavera Enterprise (project management).
• Experienced in Sap2000 (Structural Analysis)
• Fair working knowledge of AutoCAD (computer-aided drawing).

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7. TRAINING COURSES OFFERED AND CONSULTATION:

• Participated in many training courses for practicing engineers in both Egypt and Canada.
• Provided many training courses in Project Management and Primavera with many private sector
training centers in Egypt.
• Providing consultation for some projects for preparing the tender documents such as: project
scheduling, resource scheduling, material delivery schedule, cash flow analysis, preparing of the
method statement, preparing of the safety program, and preparing the project management plan for
the project.
• Provided Project Planning, Scheduling along with hands-on-training on Microsoft Project.
• Consultant for the training program for the Water and Wastewater Sector Support Project (WWSS),
Holding Company for Water and Wastewater, Egypt.
• Project Management Training Program for the Water and Wastewater Sector, American University
in Cairo, Egypt.
• Consultant for the training program for the Water Policy and Regulatory Reform Project (WPRR),
Ministry of Housing and Utilities, Egypt.
• Project Management Training Program for Qatar General Electricity and Water Corporation
(KAHRAMAA), Doha, Qatar.

8. SCHOLARSHIPS, FELLOWSHIPS, AND OTHER AWARDS RECEIVED:

• Mansoura University Scholarship for outstanding undergraduate students, from Oct. 1981 – May
1986.
• M.Sc. Scholarship for three years, faculty of Engineering, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
(Dec. 89 – Dec. 92).
• Egyptian Government Scholarship for a period of two years (Aug. 97 – July 99) to study at the
University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada.
• Post-Doctoral Fellowship for a period of three months (July 2000 – Sept. 2000) at the Department
of Civil Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada.
• NSERC’s Post-Doctoral Fellowship for a period of two years (Aug. 2001 – July 2003) to conduct a
research at the University of Waterloo, Canada.
• Post-Doctoral Fellowship for a period of two months (July 2005 – Aug. 2005) at the Department of
Civil Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada.
• Visiting Research Professor Fellowship for a period of four months (Sep. 2008 – Dec. 2008) at the
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario,
Canada.
• Visiting Professor (5/11/2010 – 11/11/2010) at the Department of Civil and Environmental
Engineering, University of Waterloo, Dubai Campus, Dubai, UAE.

9. CONTINUING EDUCATION AND PERSONAL DEVELOPMENT:

• Training workshop in “Effective Presentation Skills” for 20 hours (4 days) from 24/04/05-28/04/05,
Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt.
• Training workshop in “Modern Directions in Teaching” for 20 hours (4 days) from 22/05/05-
25/05/05, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt.
• Training workshop in “Management of Scientific Research” for 20 hours (4 days) from 12/06/05-
• Training workshop in “University Legal and Financial Aspects” for 15 hours (3days) from 2/07/06-
• Training workshop in “The Credit-Hour System” for 15 hours (3 days) from 27/08/06-29/08/06,

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• Training workshop in “Use of Technology in Teaching” for 15 hours (3 days) from 3/09/06-5/09/06,
• Training workshop in “Student Evaluation and Examination Techniques” for 15 hours (3 days) from
21/01/07-23/01/07, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt.
• Training workshop in “Time and Meeting Management” for 15 hours (3 days) from 17/08/08-
• Training workshop in “Organizing Scientific Conferences” for 15 hours (3 days) from 01/02/09-
• Training course in “Service Science Management and Engineering “SSME” for 40 hours (5 days)
from 8/11/2009-12/11/2009, Supreme Council of Universities (SCU), Cairo, Egypt.
• Training workshop in “Application of Academic Standards on Programs and Curricula” for 15 hours
(3 days) from 16/1/2010-18/1/2010, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt.

10. PUBLICATIONS AND SCHOLARLY ACHIEVEMENTS:

10.1 Refereed Journal Publications

1. Elbeltagi, E., Hosny, O, Abdul-Razek, M., and Saeed, M. (2010). “A Fuzzy Logic Model for
Selection of Vertical Formwork Systems.” Paper submitted for possible publication in Construction
Engineering and Management Journal, ASCE.

2. Elbeltagi, E., and Dawood, M. (2010). “Mathematical Model for Controlling Repetitive Construction
Projects.” Paper submitted for possible publication in Engineering, Construction and Architectural
Management Journal, Emerald.

3. Elbeltagi, E., Hosny, O, Elhakeem, A., Abdul-Razek, M., and Abdullah, A. (2011). “Selection of
Slab Formwork System Using Fuzzy Logic.” Paper Accepted for publication in Construction
Management and Economics Journal.

4. Elbeltagi, E., and Dawood, M. (2011). “Integrated Visualized Time Control System for Repetitive
Construction Projects.” Paper Accepted for publication in Automation in Construction Journal,
Elsevier Science. .

5. Elbeltagi, E., Dawood, M., and Abd Elraheem, A. (2011). “Statistical Fuzzy Process Control Charts
for Monitoring Construction Project Performance.” Journal of Engineering and Applied Science,
Cairo University, Vol. 58, No. 1, pp..

6. Ammar, M., Elbeltagi, E., and Sanad, H. (2010). “Modeling Nonlinear Activity Cost Distributions for
Optimizing Construction Cash Flow.” Ain-Shams Journal of Civil Engineering (ASJCE), Vol. 2, pp..

7. Saeed, M., Elbeltagi, E., and Emam, M. (2008) "Selection of Optimal Vertical Formwork System in
Egypt Using Fuzzy Logic." Civil Engineering Research Magazine (CERM), Al-Azhar University,
Egypt, Vol. 30, No. 3, pp. 796-807.

8. Elbeltagi, E., Hegazy, T., and Grierson, D. (2007). “A Modified Shuffled-Frog-Leaping Optimization
Algorithm: Applications to Project Management.” Journal of Structure and Infrastructure
Engineering, Taylor & Francis, Vol. 3, No. 1, pp. 53-60.

9. Elbehairy, H., Elbeltagi, E., Hegazy, T, and Soudki K. (2006). “Comparison of Two Evolutionary
Algorithms for Optimization of Bridge Deck Repairs” Journal of Computer-Aided Civil and
Infrastructure Engineering, Vol. 21, No. 8, pp. 561-572.

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10. Elbeltagi, E., Hegazy, T., and Grierson, D. (2005). “Comparison among Five Evolutionary-Based
Optimization Algorithms.” Journal of Advanced Engineering Informatics, Elsevier Science, Vol. 19,
No. 1, pp. 43-53.

11. Hegazy, T., Elbeltagi, E., and Zhang, K. (2005). “Keeping Better Site Records Using Intelligent Bar
Charts.” Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, ASCE, Vol. 131, No. 5, pp. 513-
521.

12. Hegazy, T., Elbeltagi, E., and Elbehairy, H. (2004). “Bridge Deck Management System with
Integrated Life Cycle Cost Optimization.” Transportation Research Record: Journal of the
Transportation Research Board, No. 1866, TRB, National Research Council, Washington, D.C., pp.
44-50.

13. Elbeltagi, E., Hegazy, T., and Eldosouky, A. (2004). “Dynamic Layout of Construction Temporary
Facilities Considering Safety." Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, ASCE, Vol.
130, No. 4, pp. 534-541.

14. Hegazy, T., Elhakeem, A., and Elbeltagi, E. (2004). “Distributed Scheduling Model for
Infrastructure Networks.” Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, ASCE, Vol. 130,
No. 2, pp. 160-167.

15. Attalla, M., Hegazy, T. and Elbeltagi, E. (2004). “In-House Delivery of Multiple-Small
Reconstruction Projects.” Journal of Management in Engineering, ASCE, Vol. 20, No. 1, pp. 25-31.

16. Sakla, S., and Elbeltagi, E. (2003). “Design of Steel Roofs Subjected to Drifted Snow Using
Genetic Optimization.” Journal of Computers and Structures, Elsevier Publisher, Vol. 81, No. 6, pp.
339-348.

17. Ammar, M., and Elbeltagi, E. (2001). “Algorithm for Determining Controlling Path Considering
Resource Continuity." Journal of Computing in Civil Engineering, ASCE, Vol. 15, No. 4, pp. 292-
298.

18. Elbeltagi, E., Hegazy, T., Hosny, A., and Eldosouky, A. (2001). “Schedule-Dependent Evolution of
Site Layout Planning." Journal of Construction Management and Economics, Vol. 19, No. 7, pp.
689-697.

19. Elbeltagi, E., and Hegazy, T. (2001). “A Hybrid AI-Based System for Site Layout Planning in
Construction." Computer-Aided Civil and Infrastructure Engineering Journal, Vol. 16, No.2, pp. 79-
93.

20. Hegazy, T., Shabeeb, A., Elbeltagi, E., and Cheema T. (2000). “Algorithm for Scheduling with
MultiSkilled Constrained Resources.” Journal of Construction Engineering and Management,
ASCE, Vol. 126, No. 6, pp. 414-421.

21. Karray, F., Zaneldin, E., Hegazy, T., Shabeeb, A., and Elbeltagi, E. (2000). "Tools of Soft
Computing as Applied to the Problem of Facilities Layout Planning." IEEE Transactions on Fuzzy
Systems, Vol. 8., No. 4, pp. 367-379.

22. Hegazy, T., and Elbeltagi, E. (2000). “Simplified Spreadsheet Solutions: A Model for Site Layout
Planning.” Cost Engineering Journal, AACE International, Vol. 42, No. 1, pp. 24-30.

23. Hegazy, T., and Elbeltagi, E. (1999). “EvoSite: An Evolution-Based Model for Site Layout
Planning." Journal of Computing in Civil Engineering, ASCE, Vol. 13, No. 3, pp. 198-206.

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24. Eldosouky, A., Abdel Reheem, A., and Elbeltagi, E. (1992). “A Comparison Approaches for Multi
Project Scheduling.” Civil Engineering Research Magazine (CERM), Al-Azhar University, Egypt,
Vol. 14, No. 9, pp. 42-51.

10.2 Conference Publications

25. Wefki, H., Elbeltagi, E., and Abdul-Razek, M.E. (2010). “Selecting an Appropriate Excavation
Support System in Egypt Using Fuzzy AHP.” Al-Azhar Engineering Eleventh International
Conference (AEIC 2010) (CD-ROM), Dec. 21-23, 2010, Cairo, Egypt. Published, also, in Al-Azhar
University Engineering Journal, Vol. 5, No. 1, pp. 510-523.

26. ‫اﻟﻤﻠﻴﺠﻰ،ﻡﺤﻤﻮد، اﻟﺒﻠﺘﺎﺝﻰ، ﻋﻤﺎد و اﻟﻤﻄﻴﺮى، زیﺪ )0102(. "زیﺎدة ﻡﻌﺮﻓﺔ اﻟﻤﻬﻨﺪﺳﻴﻦ ﺏﻌﻮاﻡﻞ ﻧﺠﺎح ﺕﻄﺒﻴﻖ اﻟﻬﻨﺪﺳﺔ‬
،‫اﻟﻘﻴﻤﻴﺔ ﻓﻰ ﻡﺸﺮوﻋﺎت اﻟﺘﺸﻴﻴﺪ" اﻟﻤﺆﺕﻤﺮ اﻟﺴﻨﻮى اﻟﺨﺎﻡﺲ واﻷرﺏﻌﻴﻦ ﻓﻰ اﻹﺡﺼﺎء وﻋﻠﻮم اﻟﺤﺎﺳﺐ وﺏﺤﻮث اﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺎت‬
.2010 ‫اﻟﻘﺎهﺮة، ﻡﺼﺮ، 31-61 دیﺴﻤﺒﺮ‬
27. Elbeltagi, E., Hegazy, T., and Grierson, D. (2010). “A New Evolutionary Strategy for Pareto Multi-
Objective Optimization.” Proceedings of the Seventh International Conference on Engineering
Computational Technology, B.H.V. Topping, J.M. Adam, F.J. Pallares, R. Bru and M.L. Romero,
(Editors), Civil-Comp Press, Stirlingshire, Scotland, Paper Ref. 19, Sep. 14-17, 2010, Valencia,
Spain, 17 pages.

28. Elbeltagi, E., and Dawood, M. (2010). “Automated BIM and GIS-Based nD Visualization System for
Controlling Repetitive Construction Projects.” Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on
Construction In Developing Countries (ICCIDC-II) (CD-ROM), Aug 3-5, 2010, Cairo, Egypt, pp. 530-
540.

29. Elbeltagi, E., and Dawood, M. (2010). “Construction Performance Monitoring Based on Fuzzy
Control Chart.” the 35th Annual Meeting of the Australasian Universities Building Education
Association (AUBEA) (CD-ROM), Jul 14-16, 2010, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, pp.
A001-1:A001-13.

30. Ammar, M., Elbeltagi, E. and Sanad, H. (2010). “Multi-Objective Time-Cost Trade-Off Optimization
Using Ant Colony.” Proceedings of the 7th International Engineering Conference, Faculty of
Engineering, Mansoura University, Mar. 23-28, 2010, Mansoura-Sharm El-Sheikh, Egypt, pp.400-
409.

31. Elbeltagi, E., Ammar, M. and Sanad, H. (2009). “Optimization of Construction Cash Flows with
Nonlinear Cost Distributions.” Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Structural and
Geotechnical Engineering (CD-ROM), Dec 27-29, 2009, Cairo, Egypt, pp. 191-200.

32. Elbeltagi, E., and Tantawy, M. (2009) “Integrated Asset Management Framework.” 11th Arab
Structural Engineering Conference, October 25-27, 2009, Dhahran, KSA, 6 pages.

33. El-Agroudy, M., Elbeltagi, E., and Abdul-Razek, M.E. (2009). “A Fuzzy Logic Approach for
Contractor Selection.” Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Construction in the 21st
Century (CITC-V) (CD-ROM), May 20-22, Istanbul, Turkey, pp. 194-201.

34. Salem, A., Elbeltagi, E., and Abdel-Razek, R. (2008) "Predicting Conceptual Cost of Libyan
Highway Projects Using Artificial Neural Network." Al-Azhar Engineering Tenth International
Conference (AEIC 2008) (CD-ROM), Dec. 24-26, 2008, Cairo, Egypt. Published, also, in Al-Azhar
University Engineering Journal, Vol. 3, No. 10, pp. 76-88.

35. Elbeltagi, E., and Elkassas, E. (2008) "Cost Optimization of Projects with Repetitive Activities
Using Genetic Algorithms." The Sixth International Conference on Engineering Computational

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Technology, M. Papadrakakis and B.H.V. Topping, (Editors), Civil-Comp Press, Stirlingshire,
Scotland, Paper Ref. 66, Sep. 2-5, 2008, Athens, Greece, 15 pages.

36. Elbeltagi, E., and Tantawy, M. (2008) “Asset Management: The Ongoing Crisis.” Second
Conference on Project Management (CD-ROM), April 5-9, 2008, Riyadh, KSA, 9 pages.

37. Elgamal, A., Elbeltagi, E., and Emam, M. (2008) “Parametric Cost Estimate of Maintenance Works
for Educational Buildings Using Artificial Neural Networks.” 6th International Engineering
Conference, Faculty of Engineering, Mansoura University, (CD-ROM), Mar. 13-16, 2008,
Mansoura-Sharm El-Sheikh, Egypt, pp. 68-77.

38. Elbeltagi, E., El-Kassas, E., Abdel Rasheed, I., and El-Tawil, S. (2007) “Scheduling and Cost
Optimization of Repetitive Projects Using Genetic Algorithms.” 17th International Conference on
Computer Theory and Applications (ICCTA) (CD-ROM), Sep. 1-3, 2007, Alexandria, Egypt, pp.
319-327.

39. Elbeltagi, E. (2007). “Evolutionary Algorithms for Large-Scale Optimization in Construction
Management.” First Conference on Project Management: the Future Trends in the Project
Management (CD-ROM), April 7-11, 2007, Riyadh, KSA, 10 pages.

40. Elbeltagi, E. (2006). “A Modified Shuffled-Frog-Leaping Algorithm for Optimizing Bridge Deck
Repairs.” International Conference on Bridge Management Systems Monitoring, Assessment, and
Rehabilitation (HBRC) (CD-ROM), March 21-23, 2006, Cairo, Egypt, Paper # BMS03805, 10
pages.

41. Elbeltagi, E., Elbehairy, H., Hegazy, T., and Grierson, D. (2005). “Evolutionary Algorithms for
Optimizing Bridge Deck Rehabilitation.” International Conference on Computing in Civil Engineering
(CD-ROM), July 12-15, 2005, Cancun, Mexico, Paper # 8542.

42. Elbehairy, H., Hegazy, T, Elbeltagi, E., and Soudki K. (2005). “Alternative Formulations for Large
Scale Optimization of Infrastructure Maintenance.” 1st Infrastructure Specialty Conference of the
Canadian Society of Civil Engineering (CD-ROM), CSCE, June 2-4, 2005, Toronto, Canada, pp.
FR-160-1 - FR-160-9.

43. Elbeltagi, E. (2005). “Using Ant Colony Optimization for Time-Cost Trade-Off in Construction.” 11th
International Colloquium of Structural and Geotechnical Engineering (ICSGE) (CD-ROM), May 17-
19, 2005, Cairo, Egypt, pp. MG15-1 – MG15-10.

44. Elbeltagi, E. (2004). “Applicability of Genetic Algorithms in Construction Engineering and
Management.” Proceedings of the International Conference on Structural & Geotechnical
Engineering and Construction Technology (SGECT’04), March 23-25, Mansoura, Egypt, Vol. 2, pp.
1049-1062.

45. Hegazy, T., Elbeltagi, E., and Elbehairy, H. (2004). “Bridge Deck Management System with
Integrated Life Cycle Cost Optimization.” 83rd Transportation Research Board Annual Meeting (CD-
ROM), TRB, Jan 11-15, Washington, D.C., USA, Paper # 04-5060.

46. Hegazy, T., Elbeltagi, E., Elhakeem, A., and Attalla, M. (2003). “Optimum Resource Planning for
Large Infrastructure Maintenance/Construction Operation.” 9th Arab Structural Engineering
Conference (CD-ROM), ASEC, Nov 29 – Dec 1, Abu Dhabi, UAE, pp. 1017-1024.

47. Attalla, M., Fetaih, A., Hegazy, T., and Elbeltagi, E. (2003). “Delivering Projects with Quality and
Safety.” 5th Construction Specialty Conference of the Canadian Society of Civil Engineering (CD-
ROM), CSCE, June 4-7, Moncton, NB, Canada, pp. COH-294-1 - COH-294-9.

of 13
48. Elbeltagi, E., and Hegazy, T. (2003). “Optimum Layout Planning for Irregular Construction Sites.”
5th Construction Specialty Conference of the Canadian Society of Civil Engineering (CD-ROM),
CSCE, June 4-7, Moncton, NB, Canada, pp. COG-197-1 – COG-197-10.

49. Sakla, S., and Elbeltagi, E. (2003). “Using Genetic Algorithms for the Optimal Design of Steel
Roofs Subjected to Non-Uniform Loads.” 10th International Colloquium of Structural and
Geotechnical Engineering (ICSGE) (CD-ROM), April 22-24, Cairo, Egypt, pp. E03ST22-1 –
E03ST22-15.

50. Elbeltagi, E., and Hegazy, T. (2002). “Incorporating Safety into Construction Site Management.”
Proceedings of the First International Conference on construction in the 21st Century (CITC2002),
“Challenges and Opportunities in Management and Technology”, April 25-26, Miami, Florida, USA,
pp. 261-268.

51. Ammar, M., and Elbeltagi, E., (2001). “Controlling Path Determination in Linear Construction
Projects.” 9th International Colloquium of Structural and Geotechnical Engineering (ICSGE) (CD-
ROM), April 10-12, Cairo, Egypt, pp. MG01-1 - MG01-10.

52. Karray, F., Zaneldin, E., Hegazy, T., Shabeeb, A., and Elbeltagi, E. (2000). "Computational
Intelligence Tools for Solving the Facilities Layout Planning Problem." Proceedings of the American
Control Conference 2000, ACC 2000, June 28-30, Illinois, USA, Vol. 6, pp. 3954-3958.

53. Elbeltagi, E., and Hegazy, T. (1999). “Genetic Optimization of Site Layout Planning.” AACE
Transactions, 43rd AACE International Annual Conference, June 27-30, Denver, CO, USA, pp.
IT.05.1-IT.05.8.

10.3 Discussion and Closure

54. “Algorithm for Determining Controlling Path Considering Resource Continuity." by P.G. Ioannou,
R.B. Harris, and I-T. Yang, Closure by M. Ammar and E. Elbeltagi, Journal of Computing in Civil
Engineering, ASCE, Vol. 17, No. 1, pp. 68-73.

10.4 Other Publications

55. Elbeltagi, E. (2000). “Construction Site Management.” Ph.D. Thesis, Structural Engineering
Department, Mansoura University, Mansoura, EGYPT.

56. Elbeltagi, E. (1993). “Scheduling Construction Projects Under Multiple Resource Constraints by
Heuristic Methods.” Master’s Thesis, Structural Engineering Department, Mansoura University,
Mansoura, EGYPT.

57. Elbeltagi, E. (1986). “Reinforced Concrete Design.” Undergraduate Graduation project, Civil
Engineering Department, Mansoura University, Mansoura, EGYPT.

10.5 Presentations

1. “A New Evolutionary Strategy for Pareto Multi- Objective Optimization.” Seventh International
Conference on Engineering Computational Technology, Sep. 14-17, 2010, Valencia, Spain.

2. “Automated BIM and GIS-Based nD Visualization System for Controlling Repetitive Construction
Projects.” 2nd International Conference on Construction In Developing Countries (ICCIDC-II), Aug 3-
5, 2010, Cairo, Egypt.

of 13
3. “Multi-Objective Time-Cost Trade-Off Optimization Using Ant Colony.” 7th International Engineering
Conference, Faculty of Engineering, Mansoura University, Mar. 23-28, 2010, Mansoura-Sharm El-
Sheikh, Egypt.

4. “Optimization of Construction Cash Flows with Nonlinear Cost Distributions.” 13th International
Conference on Structural and Geotechnical Engineering, Dec 27-29, 2009, Cairo, Egypt.

5. "Cost Optimization of Projects with Repetitive Activities Using Genetic Algorithms." The Sixth
International Conference on Engineering Computational Technology, Sep. 2-5, 2008, Athens,
Greece.

6. “Asset Management: The Ongoing Crisis.” Second Conference on Project Management, April 5-9,
2008, Riyadh, KSA.

7. “Parametric Cost Estimate of Maintenance Works for Educational Buildings Using Artificial Neural
Networks.” 6th International Engineering Conference, Faculty of Engineering, Mansoura University,
Mar. 13-16, 2008, Mansoura-Sharm El-Sheikh.

8. “Evolutionary Algorithms for Large-Scale Optimization in Construction Management.” First
Conference on Project Management: the Future Trends in the Project Management, April 7-11,
2007, Riyadh, KSA.

9. “A Modified Shuffled-Frog-Leaping Algorithm for Optimizing Bridge Deck Repairs.” International
Conference on Bridge Management Systems Monitoring, Assessment, and Rehabilitation (HBRC),
March 21-23, 2006, Cairo, Egypt.

10. “Evolutionary Algorithms for Optimizing Bridge Deck Rehabilitation.” The International Conference
on Computing in Civil Engineering, July 12-15, 2005, Cancun, Mexico.

11. “Using Ant Colony Optimization for Time-Cost Trade-Off in Construction.” The 11th International
Colloquium of Structural and Geotechnical Engineering (ICSGE), May 17-19, 2005, Cairo, Egypt.

12. “Applicability of Genetic Algorithms in Construction Engineering and Management.” The
International Conference on Structural & Geotechnical Engineering and Construction Technology
(SGECT’04), March 23-25, 2004, Mansoura, Egypt.

13. “Bridge Deck Management System with Integrated Life Cycle Cost Optimization.” TRB 83rd Annual
Meeting, Jan11-15, 2004, Washington, D.C., USA.

14. “Optimum Layout Planning for Irregular Construction Sites.” 5th Construction Specialty Conference
of the Canadian Society of Civil Engineering, CSCE, June 4-7, 2003, Moncton, NB, Canada.

15. “Incorporating Safety into Construction Site Management.” 1st International Conference on
construction in the 21st Century (CITC2002), “Challenges and Opportunities in Management and
Technology”, April 25-26, 2002, Miami, Florida, USA.

16. “Controlling Path Determination in Linear Construction Projects.” 9th International Colloquium on
Structural and Geo-technical Engineering (ICSGE), April 10-12, 2001, Cairo, Egypt.

17. “Schedule-Dependent Evolution of Construction Site Plans.” University of Waterloo, Civil
Engineering Department Seminar Series, Fall 2000, Waterloo, ON, Canada.

18. “Genetic Optimization of Site Layout Planning.” AACE 43rd International Annual Conference, June
27-30, 1999, Denver, CO, USA.

of 13

10.6 Masters Theses Supervised to Completion

1. Dawood, M. (2003) "Construction Project Control." M.Sc. Thesis, Mansoura University, Mansoura,
Egypt (Co-supervised with Prof. A. Hasanein and Prof. A. Eldosouky).

2. Al-Taweel, S. (2007) “Repetitive Projects Scheduling and Optimization Using Genetic Algorithms.”
Arab Academy for Science Technology and Maritime Transport (AASTMT), Alexandria, Egypt (Co-
supervised with Prof. I. Abdelrasheed and Prof. E. Elkassas).

3. Elgamal, A. (2008) “Parametric Cost Estimate of Maintenance Works for Educational Buildings
using Artificial Neural Networks.” Arab Academy for Science Technology and Maritime Transport
(AASTMT), Cairo, Egypt (Co-supervised with Prof. M. Emam).

4. El-Fitory, A. (2008) “Predicting Conceptual Cost of Libyan Highway Projects Using Artificial Neural
Network.” Arab Academy for Science Technology and Maritime Transport (AASTMT), Cairo, Egypt
(Co-supervised with Prof. R. Abdel-Razek).

5. El-Abbasy, M. (2008) “Selection of Optimal Vertical Formwork System in Egypt Using Fuzzy Logic.”
Arab Academy for Science Technology and Maritime Transport (AASTMT), Cairo, Egypt (Co-
supervised with Prof. M. Emam).

6. El-Agroudy, M. (2008) “A Fuzzy Model for Contractor Selection in the Egyptian Construction
Industry.” Arab Academy for Science Technology and Maritime Transport (AASTMT), Cairo, Egypt
(Co-supervised with Prof. M. Emam).

7. ‫اﻟﺴﺒﻴﻌﻰ، ﻓﻼح )9002( "أراء واﺗﺠﺎهﺎت اﻟﻌﺎﻣﻠﻴﻦ ﺣﻮل اﻟﺨﺼﺨﺼﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻄﺒﻴﻖ ﻋﻠﻰ وزارة اﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﺎء واﻟﻤﺎء ﺑﺪوﻟﺔ‬
.‫اﻟﻜﻮﻳﺖ" آﻠﻴﺔ اﻟﻬﻨﺪﺱﺔ – ﺝﺎﻣﻌﺔ اﻟﻤﻨﺼﻮرة، اﻟﻤﻨﺼﻮرة، ﻣﺼﺮ‬
.(‫)اﺵﺮاف ﻣﺸﺘﺮك ﻣﻊ د. ﺹﻼح اﻟﺒﺠﻼﺗﻰ‬

8. Wefki, H. (2011) “Selecting an Appropriate Excavation Support System in Egypr Using Fuzzy AHP.”
Arab Academy for Science Technology and Maritime Transport (AASTMT), Cairo, Egypt (Co-
supervised with Prof. M. Emam).

9. ‫اﻟﻤﻄﻴﺮى، زﻳﺪ )1102( "دراﺱﺔ ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﻥﺠﺎح ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻖ اﻟﻬﻨﺪﺱﺔ اﻟﻘﻴﻤﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺸﺮوﻋﺎت اﻟﺘﺸﻴﻴﺪ ﺑﺪوﻟﺔ اﻟﻜﻮﻳﺖ" آﻠﻴﺔ اﻟﻬﻨﺪﺱﺔ‬
.‫– ﺝﺎﻣﻌﺔ اﻟﻤﻨﺼﻮرة، اﻟﻤﻨﺼﻮرة، ﻣﺼﺮ‬
.(‫)اﺵﺮاف ﻣﺸﺘﺮك ﻣﻊ د. ﻣﺤﻤﻮد اﻟﻤﻠﻴﺠﻰ‬

10.7 Doctoral Theses Supervised to Completion

1. Dawood, M. (2011) "Integrated Visualized Framework for Repetitive Construction Projects Control."
PhD Thesis, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt (Co-supervised with Prof. A. Hasanein).

2. Sanad, H. (2011) "Optimum Analysis of Construction Projects with Nonlinear Cash Flow." PhD
Thesis, Tanata University, Tanta, Egypt (Co-supervised with Prof. M. Ammar).

LECTURE NOTES
ON
CONSTRUCTION PROJECT MANAGEMENT

Emad Elbeltagi, Ph.D., P.Eng.,
Structural Engineering Department,
Faculty of Engineering,
Mansoura University

Structural Eng. Department
Faculty of Engineering
Mansoura University

Construction Project management
(Third Year Civil)
Objectives:
This course focuses on the successful management of construction projects within budget,
deadlines, and resource limits. Students will learn the basics of cost estimating, scheduling,
bidding, and project control. The course focuses on:
• Project stages
• Project delivery approaches and contract types
• Detailed cost estimation
• Planning
• Scheduling using Bar charts, CPM
• Resource scheduling & Resource leveling
• Scheduling of Repetitive Projects
• Time-Cost Trade-off Analysis
• Cash flow analysis
• Project updating and delay analysis
• Bidding analysis and pricing policy
• Project control techniques

Lectures
Mondays: 12:30 – 12:30 PM
Thursdays: 2:00 – 4:00 PM

Tutorials
As per the announced schedule

Instructor
Dr. Emad Elbeltagi
Office: B241
Web page: http://osp.mans.edu.eg/elbeltagi
E-mail:eelbelta@mans.edu.eg & eelbelta@yahoo.com

Office Hours
Mondays 10:30-12:10 PM and Thursdays 4:00 – 5:40 PM

Teaching assistant
Eng. Ather Elshikh

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1. INTRODUCTION
1.1 Construction Industry
1.2 The Players
1.3 Categories of Construction Projects
1.4 Project Manager
1.5 Project Phases
1.5.1 Pre-construction
1.5.2 Procurement Phase
1.5.3 Construction Phase
1.5.4 Closeout

2. CONTRACT STRATEGY
2.1 Organization Structures
2.2 Contractual Relationships
2.3 Construction Contracts
2.4 Contract Documents
2.5 Tender Documents
2.6 Tendering Methods
2.7 Bid Evaluation

3. PROJECT PLANNING AND SCHEDULING
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Project Planning Steps
3.1.1 Work Breakdown
3.1.2 Project Activities
3.1.3 Logical Relationships
3.1.4 Overlap
3.1.5 Network Representation
3.3 Estimating Activity Duration and Direct Cost

4. PROJECT SCHEDULING
4.1 Introduction
4.2 The Critical Path Method
4.3 Calculations for the Critical Path Method
4.3.1 Activity-on-nodes network calculations
4.3.2 Precedence diagram method
3.2.3 Bar Chart
4.4 Time-Scaled Diagram
4.5 Schedule Presentation
4.6 Criticisms to Network Techniques
4.7 Solved Examples

5. SCHEDULING OF REPETITIVE PROJECTS
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Linear Projects
5.3 Resource Driven Scheduling
5.4 Summary Diagrams
5.4.1 Summary diagrams using two relationships
5.4.2 Summary diagrams using one relationship
5.5 Line of Balance
5.5.1 Basic representation
5.5.2 Line of balance calculations
5.3.3 Example application

6. RESOURCES MANAGEMENT
6.1 Introduction
6.1 Resource Definition
6.3 Resource Management
6.4 Resource Allocation
6.5 Resource Aggregation
6.6 Resource Leveling (Smoothing)
6.6.1 Method of moments for resource smoothing
6.6.2 Heuristic procedure for resource smoothing
6.7 Scheduling Limited Resource
6.8 Case Study

7. PROJECT TIME-COST TRADE-OFF
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Tine-Cost Trade-off
7.3 Activity Tine-Cost Relationship
7.4 Project Time-Cost Relationship
7.5 Shortening Project Duration

8. PROJECT FINANCE AND CONTRACT PRICING
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Contract Cash Flow
8.2.1 Construction project costs
8.2.2 Project S-curve
8.2.3 Project Income (Cash-in)
8.2.4 Calculating contract cash flow
8.2.5 Minimizing contractor negative cash flow
8.2.6 Cost of borrowing (Return of investment)
8.3 Project Cash Flow
8.3.1 Project profitability indicators

8.4 Discounted cash Flow
8.4.1 Present value
8.4.2 Net present value
8.4.3 Internal rate of return
8.5 Finalizing a Tender Price
8.5.1 Estimating profit margin
8.5.2 Risk management
8.6 Pricing Policy
8.6.1 Balanced bid
8.6.2 Unbalanced bid
8.6.3 Method-related-charge

9. SCHEDULE UPDATING AND DELAYS
6.1 Scheduling Updating
6.2 Delays
5.2.1 Type of Delays
5.2.2 The As-Built Schedule
5.2.3 Analysis of Concurrent Delays

10. COST CONTROL
10.1 Developing Cost Curves
10.2 The Earned Value Concept

REFERENCES

Awani, Alfred O. (1983). “Project Management Techniques.” Petrocelli Books Inc.

Clough, Richard H. & Sears, Gelen A. (1979). “Construction Project Management.” John Wiley
& Sons Inc., NY.

Cormican, David. (1985). “Construction Management: Planning and Finance.” Construction
Press, London.

Eldosouky, Adel I. (1996). “Principles of Construction Project Management.” Mansoura
University Press, Mansoura, Egypt.

Gould, Frederick E. (1997). “Managing the Construction Process: Estimating, Scheduling, and
Project Control.” Prentice-Hall Inc., New Gersy.

Harris, Frank & McCaffer, Ronald. (1983). “Modern Construction Management.” Granada
Publishing, Great Britain.

Harris, Robert. (1978). “Precedence and Arrow Networking Techniques for Construction.” John
Wiley & Sons Inc., NY.

Pilcher, Roy. (1992). “Principles of Construction Management.” Mc-Graw Hill Book company,
3rd ed.

ElgareAllah, Mohamed Ibrahim & Nawara, Jamal Mohamed. (1984). “Edarat Almsharee’
Alhandaseah.” John Wiley & Sons Inc., NY. (This book is available in Arabic).

"‫اﺑﺮاهﻴﻢ ﻋﺒﺪ اﻟﺮﺷﻴﺪ ﻧﺼﻴﺮ "إدارة ﻣﺸﺮوﻋﺎت اﻟﺘﺸﻴﻴﺪ‬

Contract Strategy
‫ﺳﻴﺎﺳﺔ اﻟﺘﻌﺎﻗﺪ‬

Contract Strategy
Contract strategy means:
selecting organizational and contractual policies
required for executing a specific project

‫اﺧﺘﻴﺎر اﻟﻬﻴﻜﻞ اﻟﺘﻨﻈﻴﻤﻰ وﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ اﻟﺘﻌﺎﻗﺪ وﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ‬
‫اﻟﻤﻨﺎﻗﺼﺔ اﻟﺘﻰ ﺗﺤﻘﻖ أهﺪاف اﻟﻤﺸﺮوع وﺗﻀﻤﻦ ﻟﻪ‬
‫اﻟﻨﺠﺎح‬

24/09/2006 Emad Elbeltagi 2

1

Contract Strategy
Project Objectives
1. Time 2. Cost
3. Performance 4. Other Objectives

Time
If the top-rank owner objective is to start the project as early
as possible to maximize the profit or for political reasons, then
a contracting strategy that allows speedy project delivery, such
as overlapping design and construction, may become desirable


Contract Strategy
Project Objectives
1. Time 2. Cost

Cost
There may be a need for minimum project cost to ensure
adequate economic return. The selected contract strategy,
therefore, should be flexible to the owner’s cost requirements
while also maintaining the other objectives desirable


2

Contract Strategy
Project Objectives
1. Time 2. Cost

Performance
If the performance of the work at top-rank to the owner then a
contracting strategy that accommodates changes to achieve a
better performance and a teamwork approach may be desirable


Contract Strategy
Project Objectives
1. Time 2. Cost

Other Objectives
Risk sharing between the owner and the contractor
Staff training or transfer of technology
Involving the contractor in the design
Use of local material and resources
Choice of labor-intensive construction
Protection of the environment


3

Contract Strategy
The Contract

What is a contract
Legally binding document that describes the
responsibilities and rights of the parties


Contract Strategy
The Contract

How are contracts formed?
Owner issues Invitation for Bids (IFB)
Contractor prepares and submits bid
Owner reviews and accepts bid
A contract document is developed, reviewed, and agreed upon
by parties
The contract is signed by parties


4

Contract Strategy
The Contract

Contracts documents
Contract agreement
General conditions
Special conditions
Bills of quantities
Drawings
Specifications
Plans
Others (Change orders, Warranty,..)


Contract Strategy
The Contract

Contract agreement
Usually includes names of parties, contract price, project
duration, and scope of work


5

Contract Strategy
The Contract
General conditions
Responsibilities of each party
Project Duration
Establishes the payment
process
Warranty period and process
Special conditions
Describe unique requirements of the project
Unusual work hours
Site access restrictions
Owner-furnished items
Other special requirements

Contract Strategy
Organizational Structure (Project
delivery methods)
‫وﻳﻘﺼﺪ ﺑﻪ آﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﺔ اﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ واﻟﺘﻨﻘﻴﺬ واﻹﺷﺮاف ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫اﻟﺘﻨﻔﻴﺬ او اﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ ﺑﻴﻦ أﻃﺮاف اﻟﻤﺸﺮوع‬

Traditional (General) Approach (‫)ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ اﻟﺘﻌﺎﻗﺪاﻟﻌﺎم أو اﻟﺘﻘﻠﻴﺪى‬
Separate Approach (‫)ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ اﻟﺘﻌﺎﻗﺪ اﻟﻤﻨﻔﺼﻞ‬
Direct labor force (In-house) (‫)ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ اﻟﻠﺘﻨﻔﻴﺬ اﻟﺪاﺧﻠﻰ‬
Turnkey approach (‫)ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﺗﺴﻠﻴﻢ اﻟﻤﻔﺘﺎح‬
Construction Management (‫)ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ اﻟﺘﻌﺎﻗﺪ اﻟﻤﺘﺨﺼﺺ‬


6

Contract Strategy
Organizational Structure
Traditional approach


Contract Strategy

Traditional approach advantages
Price competition
Total cost is known before construction starts
Well documented approach used in most governmental
projects
Traditional approach disadvantages
Takes a long time
Designer does not benefit from contractor experience
Conflicts between owner & contractor and A/E & contractor
Changes may lead to disputes and claims


7

Contract Strategy
Separate contracting method


Contract Strategy
Separate contract method advantages
Price competition
Total cost is known before construction starts
The owner can save profit that goes to the general contractor
Suitable for projects that need specialized contractors
Separate approach disadvantages
Needs a qualified project manager
The owner may be subjected to high risk
Conflicts between contractors


8

Contract Strategy
Direct labor
Used by large authorities
The owner performs both the design and the construction
May use consultants for some specialized designs


Contract Strategy
Direct labor
Most suitable for small projects
Can be used when expertise are available
Low risk projects
Inadequate scope definition


9

Contract Strategy
Turnkey approach (Design-build)
Used mostly for repetitive typical work
The contractor performs design and construction
The owner appoints project manager


Contract Strategy
Turnkey contract advantages
The contractor share or perform the design
Used for fast-track contracts, construction can start with the
design
Turnkey disadvantages
Design changes are limited
Example
Franchise projects


10

Contract Strategy
Construction management
‫ﻳﻘﻮم اﻟﻤﺎﻟﻚ ﺑﺎﻻﺳﺘﻌﺎﻧﺔ ﺑﻤﻘﺎول ﻣﺘﺨﺼﺺ )ﻣﻘﺎول ادارة( ﻟﺘﻨﺴﻴﻖ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ اﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ‬
‫واﻟﺘﻨﻔﻴﺬ ﻟﻠﻤﺸﺮوع وهﻮ ﻳﻘﺎﺑﻞ اﻻﺳﺘﺸﺎرى ﻓﻰ اﻟﻨﻈﺎم اﻟﺘﻘﻠﻴﺪى‬


Contract Strategy
Contracting Stages


11

Contract Strategy
Contracting Stages
Bidding documents

Invitation to bid ‫ﺧﻄﺎب اﻟﻤﺎﻟﻚ‬
Acceptance form ‫ﺷﻜﻞ اﻟﻤﻨﺎﻗﺼﺔ‬
Construction Contract ‫ﺷﻜﻞ اﻟﻌﻘﺪ‬


Contract Strategy
Contracting Stages
Contractor selection

‫ﻳﺘﻘﺪم اﻟﻤﻘﺎول ﺑﻤﻈﺮوف ﻓﻨﻰ وﻣﻈﺮوف ﻣﺎﻟﻰ‬
‫ﺗﻘﻮم ﻟﺠﻨﺔ ﻓﺘﺢ اﻟﻤﻈﺎرﻳﻒ ﺑﻔﺘﺢ اﻟﻤﻈﺮوف اﻟﻔﻨﻰ‬
‫ﺗﻘﻮم ﻟﺠﻨﺔ اﻟﺒﺖ ﺑﻔﺘﺢ اﻟﻤﻈﺮوف اﻟﻤﺎﻟﻰ‬


12

Contract Strategy
Contracting Stages
The agreement


Contract Strategy
Type of Contracts
Contracts are classified according to the method of
payment to the contractor
‫ﺗﺼﻨﻒ اﻟﻌﻘﻮد ﺑﺼﻔﺔ أﺳﺎﺳﻴﺔ ﺣﺴﺐ ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ اﻟﺪﻓﻊ‬
‫ﻟﻠﻤﻘﺎول‬
Contracts

‫ ﻣﻌﺘﻤﺪة ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺘﻜﻠﻔﺔ‬Cost based Price based ‫ﻣﻌﺘﻤﺪة ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺴﻌﺮ‬

Cost plus Target Cost Unit price Lump sum
‫اﻟﺘﻜﻠﻔﺔ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻬﺪﻓﺔ اﻟﺘﻜﻠﻔﺔ ﻣﻊ اﺳﺘﺮداد‬ ‫ﺛﻤﻦ اﻟﻮﺣﺪة‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻘﻄﻮﻋﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻧﺴﺒﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺼﺮوﻓﺎت‬

13

Contract Strategy
Type of Contracts
What is the difference between cost & price?
‫ﻣﺎاﻟﻔﺮق ﺑﻴﻦ اﻟﺘﻜﻠﻔﺔ و اﻟﺴﻌﺮ ؟‬
Price

Margin Cost
Profit
Indirect cost Direct cost
Risk allowance
Site overhead Labor
Financial charge Office overhead Material
Equipment
Subcontractors

Contract Strategy
Type of Contracts
1. Unit Price 3. Cost Plus
2. Lump Sum 4. Target Cost

Factors favoring the use of a specific contract

Providing incentive for efficient performance
‫اﻟﺠﻴﺪ‬ ‫اﻋﻄﺎء ﺣﺎﻓﺰ ﻟﻠﺘﻨﻔﻴﺬ‬
Introducing changes during construction
‫اﻟﺘﻨﻔﻴﺬ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺪرة ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺘﻐﻴﻴﺮ اﺛﻨﺎء‬
Allocation of risk between owner &
‫واﻟﻤﻘﺎول‬ ‫ﺗﻮزﻳﻊ اﻟﻤﺨﺎﻃﺮ ﺑﻴﻦ اﻟﻤﺎﻟﻚ‬
contractor


14

‫‪Contract Strategy‬‬
‫‪Type of Contracts‬‬
‫‪1. Unit Price‬‬ ‫‪3. Cost Plus‬‬
‫‪2. Lump Sum‬‬ ‫‪4. Target Cost‬‬
‫)ﻋﻘﺪ اﻟﻤﻘﺎﻳﺴﺔ( ‪) or Admeasurement contract‬ﻋﻘﺪ ﺛﻤﻦ اﻟﻮﺣﺪة( ‪Unit price‬‬
‫ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ اﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺗﻜﻮن ﻣﻔﺼﻠﺔ وﻳﺘﻔﻖ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺑﻴﻦ اﻟﻤﺎﻟﻚ واﻟﻤﻘﺎول )دﻓﺘﺮ اﻟﻜﻤﻴﺎت .‪(B.O.Q‬‬
‫ﻳﺤﺪد اﻟﻤﻘﺎول ﺳﻌﺮ ﻟﺘﻨﻔﻴﺬ آﻞ ﺑﻨﺪ ﻳﻐﻄﻰ ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ اﻟﺘﻜﻠﻔﺔ، وﻟﻜﻦ اﻟﻤﺎﻟﻚ ﻻ ﻳﻌﺮف اﻟﻨﺴﺐ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﻟﻬﺬﻩ اﻟﻌﻨﺎﺻﺮ وﺑﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻰ ﻻ ﻳﻌﺮف أﻳﺔ ﺗﻔﺎﺻﻴﻞ ﻋﻦ رﺑﺢ اﻟﻤﻘﺎول أو ﻣﺨﺎﻃﺮﻩ‬
‫ﻳﺴﻤﺢ ﺑﺘﻐﻴﻴﺮات ﻓﻰ اﻟﻜﻤﻴﺎت اﻟﻮاردة ﺑﺪﻓﺘﺮ اﻟﻜﻤﻴﺎت ﺑﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻣﺤﺪدة )52%(‬
‫إذا اﺳﺘﺤﺪﺛﺖ ﺑﻨﻮد أو زادت آﻤﻴﺎت اﻟﺒﻨﻮد اﻟﻮاردة ﺑﺪﻓﺘﺮ اﻟﻜﻤﻴﺎت ﻋﻦ اﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ اﻟﻤﺤﺪدة‬
‫ﺗﺸﻜﻞ ﻟﺠﻨﺔ ﻟﺪراﺳﺔ اﻟﺴﻌﺮ‬
‫ﻓﻰ اﻟﻐﺎﻟﺐ ﻻ ﺗﻨﺼﻒ اﻟﻠﺠﻨﺔ اﻟﻤﻘﺎول ﻣﻤﺎ ﻳﺆدى إﻟﻰ ﺣﺪوث ﻣﻨﺎزﻋﺎت‬
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‫‪Unit price contract‬‬

‫ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻋﻘﺪ اﻟﻤﻘﺎﻳﺴﺔ ﻓﻰ اﻟﻤﺸﺮوﻋﺎت اﻟﻨﻤﻄﻴﺔ وﻣﺸﺮوﻋﺎت اﻟﻬﻨﺪﺳﺔ اﻟﻤﺪﻧﻴﺔ و اﻟﺘﻰ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ‬
‫ﺣﺪوث ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮات أو ﺗﻌﺪﻳﻼت أﺛﻨﺎء اﻟﺘﻨﻔﻴﺬ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﻄﺎق ﻣﺤﺪود و ﻓﻰ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﻋﺪم اآﺘﻤﺎل‬
‫اﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻤﺎت ﻋﻠﻰ ﺧﻼف ﻋﻘﺪ اﻟﻤﻘﻄﻮﻋﻴﺔ.‬
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‫51‬

‫‪Unit price contract‬‬
‫ﻣﻤﻴﺰاﺗﻪ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺎﻟﻚ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﻠﻢ ﺑﺘﻔﺎﺻﻴﻞ اﻟﻤﺸﺮوع إﻟﻰ ﺣﺪ آﺒﻴﺮ وﻳﻌﺮف ﻣﺒﺪﺋﻴﺎ اﻟﺘﺰاﻣﺎﺗﻪ اﻟﻤﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺷﺎﺋﻊ و ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻓﻰ أآﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ 08% ﻣﻦ ﻣﺸﺮوﻋﺎت اﻟﺘﺸﻴﻴﺪ‬
‫ﻣﺪة اﻟﺘﻨﻔﻴﺬ ﻏﺎﻟﺒﺎ ﻣﺤﺪدة )إذا ﻟﻢ ﻳﻄﻠﺐ ﺗﻌﺪﻳﻼت أو ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮات(‬
‫ﻋﻴﻮﺑﻪ‬
‫ﻳﻜﻮن اﻟﺘﺮآﻴﺰ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻏﺎﻟﺒﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺴﻌﺮ اﻟﺬى ﻳﺘﻘﺪم ﺑﻪ اﻟﻤﻘﺎول‬
‫ﻳﺴﻤﺢ ﺑﺘﻐﻴﻴﺮاﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﺑﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻣﺤﺪودة‬
‫ﻋﺪم اﻟﺤﺼﺮ اﻟﺪﻗﻴﻖ ﻟﻸﻋﻤﺎل ﻗﺪ ﻳﻤﺜﻞ ﺧﻄﻮرة ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﺎﻟﻚ أو اﻟﻤﻘﺎول )ﺗﺤﻤﻴﻞ اﻷ ﺳﻌﺎر(‬
‫اﻟﺘﻜﻠﻔﺔ اﻟﻨﻬﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺸﺮوع ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﺤﺪدة وﻻ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺘﻬﺎ إﻻ ﺑﻌﺪ اﻧﺘﻬﺎء اﻟﻤﺸﺮوع‬
‫آﺜﺮة اﻟﻨﺰاﻋﺎت ﻋﻨﺪ اﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﺑﻨﻮد ﻟﻴﺴﺖ ﺑﺎﻟﻤﻘﺎﻳﺴﺔ‬
‫6002/90/42‬ ‫‪Emad Elbeltagi‬‬ ‫13‬

‫‪Loading of Rates‬‬ ‫)ﺗﺤﻤﻴﻞ اﻷ ﺳﻌﺎر(‬
‫ﺗﺜﻤﻴﻦ ﻣﺘﺰن ‪Balanced Bid‬‬

‫ﺗﺜﻤﻴﻦ ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﺘﺰن ‪Unbalanced Bid‬‬

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‫61‬

‫‪Loading of Rates‬‬ ‫)ﺗﺤﻤﻴﻞ اﻷ ﺳﻌﺎر(‬
‫زﻳﺎدة اﻟﺘﺪﻓﻘﺎت اﻟﻨﻘﺪﻳﺔ ﻓﻰ ﺑﺪاﻳﺔ اﻟﻤﺸﺮوع وذﻟﻚ ﻟﺘﺤﺴﻴﻦ ﻣﻮﻗﻔﻪ اﻟﻤﺎﻟﻰ‬
‫اآﺘﺸﺎﻓﻪ وﺟﻮد ﺧﻄﺄ ﻓﻰ ﺣﺼﺮ آﻤﻴﺎت اﻷﻋﻤﺎل‬

‫- اﻟﺘﺜﻤﻴﻦ ﻏﻴﺮ اﻟﻤﺘﺰن ﻗﺪ ﻳﻤﺜﻞ ﺧﻄﻮرة ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﺎﻟﻚ أو اﻟﻤﻘﺎول‬
‫ﺗﺜﻤﻴﻦ ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﺘﺰن ‪Unbalanced Bid‬‬

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‫)ﻋﻘﺪ اﻟﻤﻘﻄﻮﻋﻴﺔ( ‪Lump Sum‬‬
‫ﻳﺘﻢ اﻻﺗﻔﺎق ﺑﻴﻦ اﻟﻤﺎﻟﻚ واﻟﻤﻘﺎول ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﻨﻔﻴﺬ اﻟﻤﺸﺮوع )أو ﺟﺰء ﻣﻨﻪ( ﺑﺴﻌﺮ إﺟﻤﺎﻟﻰ‬

‫ﻳﺘﻮﻟﻰ اﻟﻤﻘﺎول )ﻓﻰ ﻣﻌﻈﻢ اﻷﺣﻮال( ﻣﺴﺌﻮﻟﻴﺔ اﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ و اﻟﺘﻨﻔﻴﺬ‬

‫ﻳﺤﺼﻞ اﻟﻤﻘﺎول ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﻘﻮﻗﻪ اﻟﻤﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻓﻰ ﻧﻬﺎﻳﺔ اﻟﻤﺸﺮوع أو ﻋﻠﻰ دﻓﻌﺎت‬

‫ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻟﻠﻤﺸﺮوﻋﺎت اﻟﻤﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﺟﻴﺪا واﻟﺘﻰ ﺗﻘﻞ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ اﻟﻤﺨﺎﻃﺮ )‪(Low risk projects‬‬

‫ﻳﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﻣﺸﺮوﻋﺎت اﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ واﻟﺘﻨﻔﻴﺬ )‪ (Design-build‬وﺗﺴﻠﻴﻢ اﻟﻤﻔﺘﺎح )‪(Turnkey‬‬

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‫71‬

‫)ﻋﻘﺪ اﻟﻤﻘﻄﻮﻋﻴﺔ( ‪Lump Sum‬‬
‫اﻟﻤﺎﻟﻚ ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﻠﺰم ﺑﺄﻳﺔ ﺗﻔﺎﺻﻴﻞ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺎﻟﻚ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﻠﻢ ﻣﺴﺒﻖ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺰاﻣﺎﺗﻪ اﻟﻤﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻳﺴﺘﻔﺎد ﻣﻦ ﺧﺒﺮة اﻟﻤﻘﺎول ﻓﻰ اﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ‬
‫ﻻ ﻳﺴﻤﺢ ﺑﺈدﺧﺎل أﻳﺔ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮات ﻓﻰ اﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ‬
‫ﺷﺮوط اﻟﺘﻌﺎﻗﺪ ﻣﻬﻤﺔ ﻟﻠﻐﺎﻳﺔ و أى ﺧﻠﻞ أو ﻟﺒﺲ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻳﺆدى إﻟﻰ ﻣﻨﺎزﻋﺎت‬
‫ﻳﺘﺤﻤﻞ اﻟﻤﻘﺎول آﻞ اﻟﻤﺨﺎﻃﺮ اﻟﺘﻰ ﻗﺪ ﻳﺘﻌﺮض ﻟﻬﺎ اﻟﻤﺸﺮوع‬
‫6002/90/42‬ ‫‪Emad Elbeltagi‬‬ ‫53‬

‫)ﻋﻘﺪاﻟﺘﻜﻠﻔﺔ ﻣﻊ اﺳﺘﺮداد ﻧﺴﺒﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺼﺮوﻓﺎت أو اﻟﺘﻜﻠﻔﺔ واﻻﺿﺎﻓﺔ( ‪Cost-Plus‬‬
‫ﻳﺘﻢ اﻻﺗﻔﺎق ﺑﻴﻦ اﻟﻤﺎﻟﻚ واﻟﻤﻘﺎول ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﻨﻔﻴﺬ اﻟﻤﺸﺮوع )أو ﺟﺰء ﻣﻨﻪ( ﻋﻠﻰ أن ﻳﺴﺘﺮد‬

‫اﻟﻤﻘﺎول آﻞ اﻟﻤﺼﺮوﻓﺎت اﻟﺘﻰ ﺗﺤﻤﻠﻬﺎ ﺑﺎﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ إﻟﻰ زﻳﺎدة ﻧﻈﻴﺮ اﻹدارة وهﺎﻣﺶ اﻟﺮﺑﺢ‬

‫اﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﻗﺪ ﺗﻜﻮن ﻣﺒﻠﻎ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ أو ﻧﺴﺒﺔ ﻣﺤﺪدة ﻣﻦ اﻟﺘﻜﻠﻔﺔ اﻟﻜﻠﻴﺔ، أو ﻳﺘﻢ اﻟﺠﻤﻊ ﺑﻴﻨﻬﻤﺎ‬

‫اﻟﻤﻘﺎول ﻣﻠﺰم ﺑﻌﻤﻞ دﻓﺎﺗﺮ ﻹﺛﺒﺎت اﻟﻤﺼﺮوﻓﺎت اﻟﻔﻌﻠﻴﺔ ﻓﻰ اﻟﻤﻮﻗﻊ واﻋﺘﻤﺎدهﺎ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺎﻟﻚ‬

‫هﺬا اﻟﻨﻮع ﻣﻦ أﺳﻮأ أﻧﻮاع اﻟﻌﻘﻮد ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺎﻟﻚ‬

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‫81‬

‫ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪم‬
‫‪Cost-Plus‬‬
‫ﻓﻰ اﻟﻤﺸﺮوﻋﺎت اﻟﻐﻴﺮ ﻣﺤﺪدة ﺗﻤﺎﻣﺎ وﻳﺮﻏﺐ اﻟﻤﺎﻟﻚ ﻓﻰ اﻟﺘﻨﻔﻴﺬ اﻟﻤﺒﻜﺮ‬
‫ﻓﻰ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ رﻏﺒﺔ اﻟﻤﺎﻟﻚ اﻟﻤﺸﺎرآﺔ ﻓﻰ إدارة اﻟﻤﺸﺮوع وﻣﺮاﻗﺒﺔ اﻟﺘﻜﻠﻔﺔ‬
‫ﻳﻤﻜﻦ اﻟﺒﺪء ﻓﻰ اﻟﺘﻨﻔﻴﺬ ﻗﺒﻞ اﻻﻧﺘﻬﺎء ﻣﻦ اﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻤﺎت، ﻻ ﻳﺘﻮﻗﻒ اﻟﺘﻌﺎﻗﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﻘﺪﻳﺮ اﻟﺘﻜﻠﻔﺔ‬
‫ﻣﺸﺎرآﺔ اﻟﻤﺎﻟﻚ ﻓﻰ إدارة اﻟﺸﺮوع‬
‫ﻣﺮوﻧﺔ ﻋﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻷي ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮات أو ﺗﻌﺪﻳﻼت ﻓﻰ اﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻤﺎت‬
‫اﻟﻤﻘﺎول ﻟﻴﺲ ﻟﺪﻳﻪ أى ﺣﺎﻓﺰ ﻟﺘﻘﻠﻴﻞ اﻟﺘﻜﻠﻔﺔ‬
‫ﺻﻌﻮﺑﺔ ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪ ﺗﻜﻠﻔﺔ اﻟﻤﺸﺮوع إﻻ ﺑﻌﺪ اﻧﺘﻬﺎء اﻟﻤﺸﺮوع‬
‫ﻋﺪم ﺗﺤﻤﻞ اﻟﻤﻘﺎول أﻳﺔ ﻣﺨﺎﻃﺮ‬
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‫)ﻋﻘﺪاﻟﺘﻜﻠﻔﺔ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻬﺪﻓﺔ( ‪Target Cost‬‬

‫ﻳﺘﻔﻖ اﻟﻤﺎﻟﻚ واﻟﻤﻘﺎول ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﻨﻔﻴﺬ اﻟﻤﺸﺮوع ﺑﺘﻜﻠﻔﺔ ﺗﻘﺪﻳﺮﻳﺔ ﺗﺴﻤﻰ اﻟﺘﻜﻠﻔﺔ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻬﺪﻓﺔ‬

‫ﻳﺤﺪد اﻟﻤﻘﺎول واﻟﻤﺎﻟﻚ اﻟﺘﻜﻠﻔﺔ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻬﺪﻓﺔ ﺑﻨﺎءا ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎت اﻟﻤﺘﻮﻓﺮة وﻗﺖ اﻟﺘﻌﺎﻗﺪ‬

‫ﻳﺘﻢ اﻟﺘﻌﺎﻗﺪ ﺑﻄﺮﻳﻘﺔ ‪ ،cost-plus‬وﺑﺸﺮط أﻻ ﺗﺰﻳﺪ اﻟﺘﻜﻠﻔﺔ ﻋﻦ اﻟﺘﻜﻠﻔﺔ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻬﺪﻓﺔ‬

‫إذا زادت اﻟﺘﻜﻠﻔﺔ اﻟﻨﻬﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﻋﻦ اﻟﺘﻜﻠﻔﺔ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻬﺪﻓﺔ ﻳﺴﺘﻘﻄﻊ ﺟﺰء ﻣﻦ رﺑﺢ اﻟﻤﻘﺎول وإذا ﻗﻠﺖ‬

‫ﻳﺰﻳﺪ رﺑﺢ اﻟﻤﻘﺎول ﺑﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻣﺘﻔﻖ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‬

‫6002/90/42‬ ‫‪Emad Elbeltagi‬‬ ‫83‬

‫91‬

‫)ﻋﻘﺪاﻟﺘﻜﻠﻔﺔ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻬﺪﻓﺔ( ‪Target Cost‬‬
‫أﺛﻨﺎء اﻟﺘﻨﻔﻴﺬ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺑﺤﺚ وﻣﻨﺎﻗﺸﺔ أﻳﺔ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮات أو ﻣﺨﺎﻃﺮ‬
‫‪Fee‬‬
‫وﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ اﻟﺘﻜﻠﻔﺔ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻬﺪﻓﺔ ﻟﺘﺘﻼءم ﻣﻊ هﺬﻩ اﻟﺘﻐﻴﻴﺮات‬
‫%5‬
‫هﺬا اﻟﻌﻘﺪ ﻳﺸﺒﻪ ﺗﻤﺎﻣﺎ ﻋﻘﺪ اﻟﺘﻜﻠﻔﺔ واﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ واﻟﻔﺮق‬
‫‪Fee‬‬
‫%3‬ ‫اﻟﺠﻮهﺮى هﻮ ﻣﺸﺎرآﺔ اﻟﻤﻘﺎول ﻓﻰ ﺗﺤﻤﻞ ﺟﺰء ﻣﻦ أﻳﺔ‬

‫‪Target cost‬‬ ‫ﻣﺼﺮوﻓﺎت ﺗﺰﻳﺪ ﻋﻦ اﻟﺘﻜﻠﻔﺔ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻬﺪﻓﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺸﺮوع ‪Cost‬‬
‫‪Actual cost‬‬ ‫ﻟﻢ ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪم هﺬا اﻟﻨﻮع ﻓﻰ ﻣﺼﺮ ﺣﺘﻰ اﻵن‬
‫6002/90/42‬ ‫‪Emad Elbeltagi‬‬ ‫93‬

‫‪Target Cost‬‬
‫ﻧﻔﺲ ﻣﻤﻴﺰات ‪ cost-plus‬ﺑﺎﻻﺿﺎﻓﺔ اﻟﻰ:‬
‫ﻟﺪى اﻟﻤﻘﺎول ﺣﺎﻓﺰ ﻟﺘﻘﻠﻴﻞ اﻟﺘﻜﻠﻔﺔ‬
‫اﻟﻤﻘﺎول ﻳﺘﺤﻤﻞ ﺟﺰء ﻣﻦ اﻟﺘﻜﻠﻔﺔ إذا زادت ﻋﻦ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻬﺪف‬
‫ﻳﻤﻜﻦ اﻋﺘﺒﺎر زﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺸﺮوع ﺑﺎﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﺣﺎﻓﺰ ﻟﻼﻧﻬﺎء اﻟﻤﺒﻜﺮوﻏﺮاﻣﺔ ﻟﻼﻧﻬﺎء اﻟﻤﺘﺄﺧﺮ‬
‫ﺻﻌﻮﺑﺔ ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪ ﺗﻜﻠﻔﺔ اﻟﻤﺸﺮوع إﻻ ﺑﻌﺪ اﻧﺘﻬﺎء اﻟﻤﺸﺮوع‬
‫ﻋﺪم ﺗﺤﻤﻞ اﻟﻤﻘﺎول أﻳﺔ ﻣﺨﺎﻃﺮ‬

‫6002/90/42‬ ‫‪Emad Elbeltagi‬‬ ‫04‬

‫02‬

Contract Strategy
Type of Contracts: Target Cost
Example: In on of the projects, the owner and the
contractor agreed to use the Target Cost contract under the
following conditions:
Project target cost = LE 750,000
Contractor fee = LE 90,000
The contractor will pay 50% of any additional cost
The contractor will get 50% of any saving
What are the total project price and the contractor profit if:
a. Actual cost = LE 750,000
b. Actual cost = LE 900,000
c. Actual cost = LE 650,000

Contract Strategy
Type of Contracts: Target Cost

Target cost Actual cost Contractor income Total project price
Case
(LE) (LE) (LE) (LE)
a 750,000 750,000 90,000 840,000
b 750,000 900,000 15,000 915,000
c 750,000 650,000 140,000 790,000

b. 90,000 + (750,000 – 900,000) * 0.5 = LE 15,000
Project price = 900,000 + 15,000 = LE 915,000

c. 90,000 + (750,000 – 650,000) * 0.5 = LE 140,000
Project price = 650,000 + 140,000 = LE 790,000


21

Contract Strategy
Type of Contracts
1. Unit Price 3. Cost Plus
2. Lump Sum 4. Target Cost
Risk sharing between owner & contractor
0% Turnkey 100%

Lump sum
Unit price
Cost plus
100% Owner direct force 0%
Owner risk Contractor risk


22

Introduction

Introduction
Project Characteristics
Defined goal or objective stated by the owner and accomplished by
the project team
Specific tasks to be performed
Defined beginning and end
Resources being consumed. The 4 Ms (Manpower, Machinery,
Materials, and Money,)
As the project progresses, the project team learns more about the
project

Information Time


1

Introduction
Project Life Cycle

The project life cycle may
be viewed as a process
through which a project is
implemented from
beginning to end

From the owner’s Perspective


Introduction
Project Life Cycle (Project stages)

Preconstruction
Procurement
Construction
Closeout
As the construction
progresses, the
cost increases while
the influence
decreases


2

Introduction
Project Life Cycle (1. Pre-construction)
1. Conceptual planning 2. Schematic Design
3. Design Development 4.Contract Documents

Conceptual planning
Very important for the owner (e.g., big store chains)
During this stage the owner hires key consultants including the
designer and project manager, selects the project site, and
establish a conceptual estimate, schedule, and program
The owner must gather as much reliable information as possible
about the project
The most important decision is to proceed with the project or not


Introduction

Schematic Design
During this phase, the project team investigates alternate design
solutions, materials and systems.
Apply Value Engineering
Completion of this stage represents about 30% of the design
completion for the project


3

Introduction

Design Development
Designing the main systems and components of the project.
Good communication between owner, designer, and construction
manager is critical during this stage because selections during this
design stage affect project appearance, construction and cost.
This stage takes the project from 30% design to 60% design


Introduction
Contract Documents
Final preparation of the documents necessary for the bid package
such as the drawings, specifications, general conditions, and bill of
quantities
All documents need to be closely reviewed by the construction
manager and appropriate owner personnel to decrease conflicts,
and changes
With the contract documents are almost complete; a detailed and
complete cost estimate for the project can be done Designing the
main systems and components of the project


4

Introduction
Project Life Cycle (2. Procurement)

Also called Bidding and award phase
The project formally transits from design into construction
This stage begins with a public advertisement for all interested
bidders or an invitation for specific bidders
In fast-track projects, this phase overlaps with the design phase
If the project is phased, each work package will be advertised and
bid out individually
It is very important stage to select highly qualified contractors. It
is not wise to select the under-bid contractors


Introduction
Project Life Cycle (3. Construction)

The actual physical construction of the project
This stage takes the project from procurement through the final
completion
It is the time where the bulk of the owner’s funds will be spent
It is the outcome of all previous stages (i.e., good preparation
means smooth construction)
The consultant will be deployed for contract administration and
construction supervision
Changes during construction may hinder the progress of the
project


5

Introduction
Project Life Cycle (4. Closeout)
Transition from design and construction to the actual use of the
constructed facility
In this stage, the management team must provide documentation,
shop drawings, as-built drawings, and operation manuals to the
owner organization (as-built drawings are the original contract
drawings adjusted to reflect all the changes that occurred)
Assessment of the project team’s performance is crucial in this
stage for avoiding mistakes in the future.
Actual activity costs and durations should be recorded and
compared with that was planned. This will serve as the basis for
the estimating and scheduling of future projects

Introduction
Types of Construction Projects
Most designers and contractors tend to focus their efforts within
specialty areas

Four Categories are identified:
1. Residential Housing 2. Building Construction
3. Industrial 4. Infrastructure

This classification is based on:
The way the projects are funded
The technologies involved
The way the owner, designer, and builder interact


6

Introduction

Residential housing
Include: homes, apartments, and low and high-rise buildings
Funded by individual owners for their own use or by developers for
profit
They use fairly low technologies and requires little investment
Large number of small designers, builders, and suppliers
1/3 of construction spending is on residential construction
The builder or the owner can design


Introduction

Non-residential Building Construction
Office buildings, large apartment buildings, malls, theaters,…..
It depends on the economy of a specific region
Most of these projects are privately funded
Designed by architect and engineer, and built by general
contractor
These buildings use technical support more than that in residential
buildings


7

Introduction
1. Residential Housing 2. Buildings Construction

Industrial
Examples include: factories, petroleum refineries…..
It is defined more by the production activities within the facility
In capitalism countries, most of these facilities are privately
funded
Only few designers and builders are qualified to bid in these
projects
These projects are the most technical of all


Introduction
1. Residential Housing 2. Buildings Construction
Infrastructure and Heavy Construction
Examples: roadways, bridges, water and sewer systems
Designed by civil engineers and built by heavy construction
contractors
Publicly funded and affected by the government policy
Long in duration
Less sensitive to the ups and downs of the economy
Heavy use of equipments
Build Operate Transferee (BOT)

8

Introduction
Project Participants
Different classifications and many participants are involved in a
construction project

Main Project Participants
1. The Owner
2. Design Professionals
3. Construction Professionals
4. Project Manager


Introduction
1. The Owner 2. Design Professionals
3. Construction Professionals 4. Project Manager

The Owner or the Client
Is the person or organization that will pay the bills

Owner Organizations
Public (e.g., government agencies)
Private: individual, corporations, partnership


9

Introduction
Responsibilities
What the project will include (scope and objectives)
When the project can begin and when must end (schedule)
How much can spend (budget)

Formation
Large companies have divisions to set up these tasks
Small business can hire project manager, consultants, etc…..

Introduction

Design Professional
Examples are: architects, engineers, consultants
Depending on the owner size, they can be part of the owner’s
organization or hired
In some cases, the design professional & construction
contractor together form a design-build company


10

Introduction
Design Professional Responsibilities
Assist the owner in developing the project scope, budget, and
schedule
Prepare construction documents for bidding and construction

Architect
Is an individual who plan and design buildings. Sometimes they
define and provide the whole envelope of the whole project


Introduction
Engineer
An individual or a firm who perform specialized work associated
with the design or construction
They usually classified as civil, mechanical, electrical

Engineering-Construction Firm
An organization that combines both architect/engineering and
construction
Has the capability of performing of what called design-build

11

Introduction
Construction Professional
Named as the contractor
Responsible for physical construction of the project
In traditional system where the owner, design, and contractors
are separate, the contractor named a prime contractor
The prime contractor may divide the work among sub-
contractors


Introduction
Owner

Contract

Prime contractor

Contract
First Sub- Civil Mechanical Electrical
contractor
Contract

Second Sub- Plumbing Elevators
contractor


12

Introduction
Project Manager
Named by the owner

Responsible for the overall coordination of the project

Clear definitions of the goals of the project.

Investigate alternative solutions for the problems.

Develop a detailed plan to make the selected program reality.

Implement the plan and control the project


13

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