1) ICT has played an important role in Bhutan's development, starting from basic telephone and radio services in the 1960s-1970s and expanding to internet, mobile, and digital technologies more recently.
2) The document discusses how ICT can support Bhutan's development philosophy of Gross National Happiness through its four pillars: equitable socio-economic development, conservation of the natural environment, preservation of cultural values, and establishment of good governance.
3) Specifically, ICT is argued to promote socio-economic development through tools like e-commerce, empower youth and women, and create new jobs. It can also support environmental conservation through eco-friendly technologies, digital services, research, and monitoring. ICT assists
Model Call Girl in Bikash Puri Delhi reach out to us at 🔝9953056974🔝
Role of ICT in Achieving Gross National Happiness
1. ROLE OF ICT IN
GROSS NATIONAL
HAPPINESS
FOUR PILLARS
Group 2
Tashi Wangmo
Tshering Wangmo
Sangay Choda
Jigme Wangchuk
Objectives: To learn and familiarize on role of ICT tools applied in
development approach, GNH
2. ICT Trends in Bhutan
• Prior to ICT, Bhutan remained almost dormant in socio-economic development
• Telephone services started in 1963
• Radio introduced in 11th Nov, 1973 by NYAB (in 1986, renamed BBS)
• National Telecom network for all 20 Dzongkhags were completed in 1998
• Information Technology incorporated in Education sector since 1992
• Internet services and television launched in June 1999
• Mobile communication services launched in 2003
• Other radio station in Bhutan
• Kuzu FM (2006)
• Radio valley (2007)
• Centennial Wave (2008)
• Radio valley (2010)
• Now ICT has become indispensable daily parts and parcel of the people in country
3. BHUTAN’S DEVELOPMENT PHILOSOPHY
Gross National Happiness as the middle path for development
4 Pillars
of
GNH
Promotion of
equitable and
sustainable
socio-economic
development
Conservation
of the
Natural
Environment
Preservation
and
promotion of
cultural
values
Establishment
of good
governance
3
4. PROMOTION OF EQUITABLE AND SUSTAINABLE
SOCIO-ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
• Powerful tools for social and economic development.
Advertisement
Globalization and participation into international trade.
• Progress in ICT has caused many structural changes such as reorganizing of
economics, globalization, and trade extension and enhancing information
availability.
5. PROMOTION OF EQUITABLE AND SUSTAINABLE
SOCIO-ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
• ICT has impact on policies in development.
empowering youth and women
generating new employment opportunities
• Information based society- connected through internet.
Social networking (Facebook, twitter, … )
Online news paper. (kuenselonline, the Bhutanese…)
• internet is changing the way companies do business, transforming public
service delivery and innovations.
6. CONSERVATION OF NATURAL RESOURCES
• ECO-FRIENDLY TECHNOLOGY
Energy saving gadgets. (five energy star television/ fridge, laptops…..)
E-services (e-Load, e-billing, e-banking, e-filling…….. )
Electric Engines/ machines (electric car, electric rice mill…..)
• DIGITAL AGE. “ save paper, saves trees, save environment”
digital copy.
e-book, e-library…
E-mail, SMS
• Disaster Management
Early warning system, glacier monitoring system, disaster prediction…
Satellite mapping for zones of glacier meltdown, flash flood, earthquake.
7. CONSERVATION OF NATURAL RESOURCES-
CONT.
• IN RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT (R&D)
improving efficiency of technology
Innovation of new environmental friendly technology.
• WASTE MANAGEMENT
recycling tools, waste segregation, processing waste for dumping.
• INFORMATION SHARING
Dissemination of environment saving ideas,
Creating awareness, announcement,
• MONITORING ENVIRONMENT
Carbon Emission test, GHG emission test…
Pollution test
9. ICT TOOLS
Good governance can be promoted through ICT by use of :
• e-governance : as a tool for bringing openness and effectiveness to local
administration and citizens are participants.
• Electronic governance: provides better delivery of government services to
citizens, improved interactions with business and industry, citizen
empowerment through access to information.
• Citizen are recipients.
• Example; G2C, G2G, C2G, G2G.
10. ICT CAN ASSIST GOOD GOVERNANCE IN THE
FOLLOWING WAYS.
• ICT improve the efficiency, transparency and accountability of government
and information sharing between different sectors of government.
• It improve the delivery of public information to citizens, such as laws.-right to
information.
• ICT can improve the provision of information to citizens in support of
government services such as health, education and transport
• lastly improves citizen participation in decision-making by providing the
information required to make decisions.
11. ICT FOR PROMOTION AND PRESERVATION OF
CULTURE
• Preserves and promote tangible and intangible cultural heritage.
• Document and digitize artifacts, handicrafts, sports, textile and enhance export
opportunities.
• Archive traditional folklore, traditional song's, lozay, Tshangmo, Zhey and
mask dances
• Documentation of history, ethnic language, architecture, democratization and
art.
• Build dzongkha in ICT operating system (computer and mobile)
• ICT can access culture, culture promotes tourism and income generation
12. CONCLUSION.
• ICT has significant potential to advance Bhutan's progress towards the goal of
GNH.
• In economic growth, ICT has become indispensable for enhancement of
socio-economic development in varying geographical location
• In cultural heritage, ICT tools can be used to archive and disseminate the
artifacts of Bhutan's unique culture.
• Environmentally, ICT can reduce environmental impact through environment
friendly technologies.
• In good governance, ICT can enhance efficiency, accountability and
transparency, and allow greater citizen participation in decision-making.
13.
14. References
• Heeks, R. (2012). Emerging Market, Information Technology and Gross
National Happiness: Connecting Digital Technology and Happiness. University
of Machaster: UK
• Lees, E. (n.d). Intangible Cultural heritage in Modernizing Bhutan: The question
of Remaining viable and dynamic. University of NSW: Australia
• Ministry of Information and Communication (2014). Bhutan e-governance
Master Plan. Royal Government of Bhutan: Thimphu
• MOIC (n.d). A concept whose time has arrive: Vision for Information Society.
Bhutan in the 21st century. Royal Government of Bhutan
• Murugan, S. (n.d). Gross National Happiness through ICTs for Development: A
Case Study of the Jakar Community Multimedia Center
Editor's Notes
Empowering-access to info(farming method, health issues) could empower women by giving them a political voice and thereby ensuring that their opinion are heard.
The essential role of ICT in monitoring, modelling, administration and dissemination. It is clear that ICTs, as both general purpose and specific technologies, are necessary in order to carry out these processes effectively. Products include those used for environmental monitoring20 (e.g. for monitoring weather and climate change and deforestation using satellite imagery), environmental modelling (e.g. computer simulations of climate change),21 administrative processes (such as emissions/carbon trading schemes), and dissemination (including information sharing and environmental advocacy).
ICTs within planning and design of development strategies helps to strengthen the establishment of efficient, effective and transparent governance systems.
On-line tools can significantly improve the rendering of services and information flows from administrations to their constituencies; communication among administrations and citizens can be enhanced and, lastly, ICTs offer unique opportunities for broadened citizen involvement and participation in the decision-making process.
ICT in the form of print and broadcast media as well as Internet news websites can serve to ensure accountability in governments, increase participation at all levels of society, and enhance public debate through the inclusion of diverse views. For example, the recently launched website of the Anti-Corruption Commission in Bhutan provides a forum whereby corruption and abuse of power can be instantly reported, secretly if preferred.