1. REDUCED TIME CLAUSES
I/. Reduce the following sentences, using V-ing:
1.
As I first met him, I didn’t like him.
_________________________________________
2.
When farmers apply fertilizers, they can help enrich the soil.
_________________________________________
3.
The man slipped while he was getting off the bus.
_________________________________________
4.
Before they continued on their journey, they had dinner.
_________________________________________
5.
After we were informed the flight would be delayed, we made other
arrangements.
_________________________________________
II/. Reduce the following sentences, using V-3/ed:
1.
The President was on holiday in Spain when he was told the news.
_________________________________________
2.
When it was viewed from a distance the island of Nepenthe looked
like a cloud.
_________________________________________
3.
She was bringing this confidential document with her when she was
arrested. _________________________________________
4.
The radio helped Man to hear distant sounds when it was discovered.
_________________________________________
5.
When money is put in a bank, it is kept safe.
_________________________________________
III/. Transformation:
1.
Since arriving in this city, she hasn’t got any good sleep.
-> Since she ……………………………………………………
2.
The students will have a party upon finishing this assignment,
-> When the students …………………………………………
3.
John had an accident on driving to school yesterday.
-> While John ………………………………………………
4.
I learned many things about Burmese customs upon living in Burma.
-> While I ……………………………………………………
5.
The pilot saw many beautiful sights on flying over the Channel.
-> While the pilot ……………………………………………
6.
When cooked for several hours, the meat was tough.
-> When the meat ……………………………………………
7.
When seen from this angle, the picture looks rather good.
-> When the picture …………………………………………
8.
When read aloud, the poem is very effective.
-> When the poem ……………………….…………………
9.
When lost for many years, the painting turned up at an auction.
-> When the painting …………………………………………
IV/ Choose the best answer:
1.
After …………, I was taken to the police station.
A. arrested
B. had been arrested
C. be arrested
D. being arrested
2.
Before ……… a promotion and transfer to another city, I will discuss
it at length with my whole family.
A. accept B. accepted C. accepting D. having been accepted
3.
When_____ in international trade, letters of credit are convenient.
A. used
B. are used C. using
D. they used
4.
After …… to 45 minutes of an extremely boring speech, I found
myself nodding off.
A. was listening B. listen
C. listening
D. having listen
5.
On being asked about the missing document, ……
A. they couldn’t get any answers from him.
B. no information was obtained from him
C. no answers were given by him
D. he denied ever seeing it.
6.
………… irritated, even a lovely puppy can become dangerous.
A. When
B. When it
C. It is
D. When is
7.
After …………, he invited the audience to ask questions.
A. finishing his speech
B. had finished his speech
C. he finishes his speech
D. he having finished his speech
8.
After seeing the film Harry Potter, ………
A. the book was read by many children
B. many children wanted to read the book
C. the book made many children want to read it
D. the reading of the book interested many children
9.
On returning home, I saw some strangers in my garden.
A. When I came back to my home, I saw some strangers in my garden
B. As soon as I returned home, I saw some strangers in my garden
C. As a result of my returning home, I saw some strangers in my
garden D. Because I returned home, I saw some strangers in my garden.
10.
After getting home from elementary school, …………
a. Our house buzzes with the children's many activities
b. the dog greets the children at the front door with wagging tail
c. the children have an hour to play before they begin their homework.
d. the school bus drops the children at the corner near their house.
11.
………., tourists showed their admiration to the architect who
designed it.
a. After visit the palace
b. Visited the palace
c. On visit the palace
d. After visiting the palace
12.
……back to her hometown, Julia found everything new and attractive.
A. When arrived B. As she arrives C. On arriving D. On arrival

2. IV/ Choose the best answer:
1.
After …………, I was taken to the police station.
A. arrested
B. had been arrested
C. be arrested
D. being arrested
2.
Before ……… a promotion and transfer to another city, I will discuss
it at length with my whole family.
A. accept B. accepted C. accepting D. having been accepted
3.
When_____ in international trade, letters of credit are convenient.
A. used
B. are used C. using
D. they used
4.
After …… to 45 minutes of an extremely boring speech, I found
myself nodding off.
A. was listening B. listen
C. listening
D. having listen
5.
On being asked about the missing document, ……
A. they couldn’t get any answers from him.
B. no information was obtained from him
C. no answers were given by him
D. he denied ever seeing it.
6.
………… irritated, even a lovely puppy can become dangerous.
A. When
B. When it
C. It is
D. When is
7.
After …………, he invited the audience to ask questions.
A. finishing his speech
B. had finished his speech
C. he finishes his speech
D. he having finished his speech
8.
After seeing the film Harry Potter, ………
A. the book was read by many children
B. many children wanted to read the book
C. the book made many children want to read it
D. the reading of the book interested many children
9.
On returning home, I saw some strangers in my garden.
A. When I came back to my home, I saw some strangers in my garden
B. As soon as I returned home, I saw some strangers in my garden
C. As a result of my returning home, I saw some strangers in my
garden D. Because I returned home, I saw some strangers in my garden.
10.
After getting home from elementary school, …………
a. Our house buzzes with the children's many activities
b. the dog greets the children at the front door with wagging tail
c. the children have an hour to play before they begin their homework.
d. the school bus drops the children at the corner near their house.
11.
………., tourists showed their admiration to the architect who
designed it.
a. After visit the palace
b. Visited the palace
c. On visit the palace
d. After visiting the palace
12.
……back to her hometown, Julia found everything new and attractive.
A. When arrived B. As she arrives C. On arriving D. On arrival
REDUCED TIME CLAUSES
I/. Reduce the following sentences, using V-ing:
1.
As I first met him, I didn’t like him.
_________________________________________
2.
When farmers apply fertilizers, they can help enrich the soil.
_________________________________________
3.
The man slipped while he was getting off the bus.
_________________________________________
4.
Before they continued on their journey, they had dinner.
_________________________________________
5.
After we were informed the flight would be delayed, we made other
arrangements.
_________________________________________
II/. Reduce the following sentences, using V-3/ed:
1.
The President was on holiday in Spain when he was told the news.
_________________________________________
2.
When it was viewed from a distance the island of Nepenthe looked
like a cloud.
_________________________________________
3.
She was bringing this confidential document with her when she was
arrested. _________________________________________
4.
The radio helped Man to hear distant sounds when it was discovered.
_________________________________________
5.
When money is put in a bank, it is kept safe.
_________________________________________
III/. Transformation:
1.
Since arriving in this city, she hasn’t got any good sleep.
-> Since she ……………………………………………………
2.
The students will have a party upon finishing this assignment,
-> When the students …………………………………………
3.
John had an accident on driving to school yesterday.
-> While John ………………………………………………
4.
I learned many things about Burmese customs upon living in Burma.
-> While I ……………………………………………………
5.
The pilot saw many beautiful sights on flying over the Channel.
-> While the pilot ……………………………………………
6.
When cooked for several hours, the meat was tough.
-> When the meat ……………………………………………
7.
When seen from this angle, the picture looks rather good.
-> When the picture …………………………………………
8.
When read aloud, the poem is very effective.
-> When the poem ……………………….…………………
9.
When lost for many years, the painting turned up at an auction.
-> When the painting …………………………………………