This document provides biographical details about Tupac Amaru, an 18th century Inca descendant who led a major revolt against Spanish rule and oppression in Peru. It describes Tupac Amaru's lineage, upbringing, properties and family. It outlines the causes of the revolt, including excessive taxes and forced labor, and details Tupac Amaru's initial successes against the Spanish before he was eventually captured, tortured and executed along with his family in 1781. Despite the suppression of the revolt, Tupac Amaru's popularity continued to inspire further rebellions across South America in the following years.

1. UNIVERSIDAD CENTRAL DEL ECUADOR
4to semestre Ingles
Realizado por: Jhonatan Echeverría
Fecha: 19 de marzo del 2012
Tupac Amaru

2. Tupac Amaru
Jose Gabriel Condorcanqui was the
descendant of Tupac Amaru I, the
last Inca of Vilcabamba, who was
executed in the plaza of Cuzco in
1572 by order of the viceroy of
Peru, Toledo.

3. Jose Gabriel Tupac Amaru was born
in Tinta, on March 19, 1738. It was
the second son of Michael and Rosa
Condorcanqui Noguera. On the
death of his older brother is the sole
heir to the possessions of Surimana,
Tungasuca and Pampamarca. He is
educated by the Jesuits at the
College of San Francisco de Borja
located in Cuzco.

4. It has a little over 20 years old
when he married Puyucahua
Bastidas. He has Carabaya coca
fields, cornfields in Ink, mines,
and is the owner of 350 mules.

5. In 1776, presents a formal
request for the Indians to be
free from forced labor in mines.
Faced with the refusal of the
authorities in Lima, take more
radical measures. In 1780, puts
the head of the most important
popular revolt in the history of
the viceroyalty.

6. Excessive taxes, the "Mita" and the
abuses of the magistrates have been
the main causes of the revolt India,
in November 1780, broke out in the
valley of ink. During this rebellion,
the Corregidor Arriaga was taken
prisoner and executed by order of
Chief Joseph Gabriel Condorcanqui,
son of Miguel Condorcanqui and
descendant by his mother of Tupac
Amaru, the last Inca ruler, who
adopted the name.

7. Even if at first the movement
recognized the authority of the crown
of Spain, is quickly transformed into
an independence movement, fighting
against the abuses of the Spanish.

8. After defeating a band of Spanish
in Sangarará 1200, Tupac Amaru
has not decided to march on
Cuzco but returns to his
hometown in Tungasuca. Want
to negotiate peace, recognizing
that their goal is not war against
the Spanish but end the abuses
of the magistrates.

9. That gives you time to organize
resistance to Spanish and the
rebels are defeated a first
time, on January 8, 1781, the
army sent by the viceroy, and
then between 5 and 6 April in
ink, by the troops of Marshal
of the Valley.

10. Pursued by General Ventura
Tatanico Landa, is taken
prisoner, tried, and May 18,
1781, attending the murder
of his entire family in the
Plaza de Armas and his wife
and advisor, Micaela
Bastidas.

11. The judge sentenced him to die
Areche quartered by four horses
tied to its four members. But Tupac
Amaru is a strong man and his
henchmen fail to kill him this way.
He then ordered his beheading.
His body is cut up, put his head on a
spear that is displayed in Cuzco and
Tinta, his arms are sent to
Tungasuca and Carabaya, and your
legs, Livitaca and Santa Rosa.

12. Despite the execution of
Tupac Amaru and his family,
the Spanish failed rebellion
that went off under the
orders of his half-brother
Diego Cristobal Tupac
Amaru, and spread to the
Bolivian highlands, the
region and northwestern
Jujuy Argentina.

13. Tupac Amaru's
popularity was such
that the Indians had
risen in the plains of
Casanare, in New
Granada, proclaimed
him King of America.

14. Following in the footsteps of
their predecessors who had tried
to find a peaceful solution, after
difficult negotiations, the new
Inca chief accepts cuts in arms in
January 1782, promising to be
lenient towards Spanish rebels
and do something about to the
problems of the Indians.

15. The Creole rebellion
that followed took the
habit of invoking the
name of Tupac Amaru
in order to gain the
support of the Indians