Running Head: ORGANIZATIONAL EVALUATION 1 ORGANIZATIONAL EVALUATION 5 Organizational Evaluation Arnaldo Perez Frometa Capella University Health Promotion and Disease Prevention in Vulnerable and Diverse Populations Organizational Evaluation February, 2019 As discussed in the earlier paper, around 92% of the total India Square population is immigrants from various origins. The majority of the 92% are unemployed and they usually depend on one of the family member or government aids. For this reason, they struggle to survive in most cases ending up being drugs user and alcoholic or and women into prostitution, activities which exposes them to SDIs. It is therefore not a surprise that HIV/AIDS and other STDs are very rampant in India Square. In fact, 29% of all deaths are from HIV/AIDs related communications. This paper will discuss HIV/AIDs as a health concern in the diverse population of India Square. Also, how the organization is responding to HIV/AIDs, gaps in the health care and barriers to closing those gaps. Currently, the organization serves HIV/AIDs in the area by first; educating people on various ways through which they can avoid being infected. One of the most common prevention interventions relating to HIV/AIDS in being undertaken by the organization is advocating for protected sexual intercourse, particularly using condoms. Since abstinence, being faithful campaigns have proven to be futile, the organization has chosen to advocate for using condom, and boosted it by to avail free condoms to the population as much as it can (Woodward, 2018). Another intervention has been the implementation of antiretroviral therapy that entails counseling regarding the management of AIDS among the infected people. This therapy mostly starts immediately after an individual is tested HIV-positive in which he/she is enrolled to the program. The counseling entails healthy living, nutrition, medication, healthy sexual relations with other infected or uninfected people etc. Furthermore, the organization has initiated a program whereby individuals can access HIV testing tool kit implying that people can purchase the equipment and have their blood tested for the virus on their own free will. In addition, the organization has HIV awareness programs. In India Square, the main health care gap exists between the minority educated population and the majority semi-educated. While majority of the educated population are whites and some few immigrants, most immigrants have little education. This reason makes a big difference regarding health care services received. The rate of HIV infections in the he educated population is less. Also, mortality rate due to HIV related complications is lower in in people who are educated. To reduce the gap existing between the educated and the uneducated populations in terms of prevalence and mortality rate, two strategies can be used. The first str.

1. Running Head: ORGANIZATIONAL EVALUATION
1
ORGANIZATIONAL EVALUATION 5
Organizational Evaluation
Arnaldo Perez Frometa
Capella University
Health Promotion and Disease Prevention in Vulnerable and
Diverse Populations
Organizational Evaluation
February, 2019
As discussed in the earlier paper, around 92% of the total
India Square population is immigrants from various origins. The
majority of the 92% are unemployed and they usually depend on
one of the family member or government aids. For this reason,
they struggle to survive in most cases ending up being drugs
user and alcoholic or and women into prostitution, activities
which exposes them to SDIs. It is therefore not a surprise that
HIV/AIDS and other STDs are very rampant in India Square. In
fact, 29% of all deaths are from HIV/AIDs related
communications. This paper will discuss HIV/AIDs as a health
concern in the diverse population of India Square. Also, how
the organization is responding to HIV/AIDs, gaps in the health

2. care and barriers to closing those gaps.
Currently, the organization serves HIV/AIDs in the area by
first; educating people on various ways through which they can
avoid being infected. One of the most common prevention
interventions relating to HIV/AIDS in being undertaken by the
organization is advocating for protected sexual intercourse,
particularly using condoms. Since abstinence, being faithful
campaigns have proven to be futile, the organization has chosen
to advocate for using condom, and boosted it by to avail free
condoms to the population as much as it can (Woodward, 2018).
Another intervention has been the implementation of
antiretroviral therapy that entails counseling regarding the
management of AIDS among the infected people. This therapy
mostly starts immediately after an individual is tested HIV-
positive in which he/she is enrolled to the program. The
counseling entails healthy living, nutrition, medication, healthy
sexual relations with other infected or uninfected people etc.
Furthermore, the organization has initiated a program whereby
individuals can access HIV testing tool kit implying that people
can purchase the equipment and have their blood tested for the
virus on their own free will. In addition, the organization has
HIV awareness programs.
In India Square, the main health care gap exists between the
minority educated population and the majority semi-educated.
While majority of the educated population are whites and some
few immigrants, most immigrants have little education. This
reason makes a big difference regarding health care services
received. The rate of HIV infections in the he educated
population is less. Also, mortality rate due to HIV related
complications is lower in in people who are educated.
To reduce the gap existing between the educated and the
uneducated populations in terms of prevalence and mortality
rate, two strategies can be used. The first strategy would be to
start awareness programs aiming at teaching the less educated
population how effective ways of preventing HIV infections, for
example, use of condoms (Kharsany & Karim, 2016). This is the

3. most cost-effective and efficient evidence-based strategy since
most of the less educated contract virus due to lack of
knowledge.
Another strategy would be to start a mandatory HIV testing.
This can be done by having all people tested for HIV for them
to know their HIV status. Those who test positive should be
subjected to antiretroviral therapy and be educated on how to
minimize the spread of the virus to their partners who are not
infected. Prevention is always better and less expensive than
treating chronic diseases.
The strategies mentioned above, however, will be faced by
several challenges. The first challenge is the stigma associated
with HIV/AIDS especially by people with lower economic
status. Specifically, stigma occurs in various forms including
rejection, avoidance and discrimination against HIV/AIDS
victims, ostracism, mandatory HIV testing in absence of
consent, lack of confidentiality, violence against the victims or
those perceived to be HIV-positive, quarantine of HIV victims
etc. The said stigma that is perpetrated by the society and its
culture and traditions will bar many from being tested for HIV,
obtaining their results or accessing medication and treatment
Carter, Omenn & Mona, 2016). This will not only complicate
the management of the HIV/AIDS but also perpetuate its
transmission.
The second challenge is the high costs associated with
treatment and prevention of the health HIV. Public awareness
campaigns are usually expensive, and the organization may be
economically challenged when it comes to fighting HIV/AIDS.
Low living standards mean that most people living with
HIV/AIDS in the area cannot afford the expensive antiretroviral
therapy that is very vital in addressing the condition. As a
matter of fact, HIV victims are expected to acquire proper
nutrition in order to properly manage the infection. This also
adds to the cost burden not mentioning that an infected worker
may reduce his/her productivity in the workplace thereby
affecting his/her wages. It is worth noting that HIV intervention

4. programs require a lot of resources meaning that the
organization have to stretch it budget beyond limits in order to
finance the programs (Kharsany & Karim, 2016).
In conclusion, the diverse population in India Square is almost
made up of immigrants whose majority’s living standards are
very low. For this reason, they engage themselves in activities
which expose them to various diseases including HIV/AIDS and
due to their inability to meet medical costs, a huge health care
gap form between them and a group of few people who are
better economically. Therefore, the concerned organizations
should come up with strategies to close this gap which is
widening up every day
References
Kharsany, A., & Karim, Q. (2016). HIV Infection and AIDS:
Current Status, Challenges and Opportunities. The Open AIDS
Journal, 10:34-48.
Woodward, C. (2018). HIV Prevention Programmes
Overview.Retrieved from
https://www.avert.org/professionals/hiv-
programming/prevention/overview.
Carter, W., Omenn, G., & Mona, M. (2016). Characteristics of
Health Promotion Programs in Federal Worksites: Findings
from the Federal Worksite Project. American Journal of Health
Promotion, 67, 43-45.
WINDSHIELD SURVEY 6

5. Windshield Survey
Arnaldo Perez Frometa
Capella University
Health Promotion and Disease Prevention in Vulnerable and
Diverse Populations
Windshield Survey
February, 2019
Windshield Survey
Over the years, the issue of diversity in health care in the
United States has been a matter of concern. The level diversity
in health care varies from region to region and from state. Also,
in a state, health care diversity differs too from one locale to
another. This paper will examine various aspects of health care
diversity regarding the health risks and health care needs of
people in India Square. The paper will first provide India
Square population. The paper will present an overview the
available statistical data about the area’s population and then
analyze the findings of the community’s windshield survey
including how the population has changed in the recent years.
India Square overview
India Square, also called “Little India” or “Bombay” as the
name suggests is an area mostly occupied by immigrants, both
legal and illegal, from India. The area is in Marion Section,
New Jersey State. The area has a total population of 29,000. Of
the 29,000 people, around 12,300, nearly 42.4% are of Indian
origin, Hispanics (35.2%), African-Americans (13%) whites
(7.9%), and (1.5%). Around 21% of the population is 16 years
of age and below, 70% above the age of 16 years but less than
60 years, and 9% 60 years old and above (United States Census
Bureau, 2018).

6. Housing. Majority of the population in India Square live in poor
housing or rent places to live. Most of these places look
unmaintained or poor conditioned. Since most of the people
living in India Square are immigrants who came to the states
due to lack of resources, they are typically people with a low
socioeconomic status; besides living in poor conditions they
also live in groups of two or more in order to meet costs
together. Their low living standards are evidenced by their
houses’ conditions; most of them with cracks, poor sewerage,
poor heating facilities etc. they live in such conditions for
obvious reason, most of them cannot afford better housing. In
addition, while the recommended resident density is 400
residents in every acre, the area is quite congested as every acre
is resided by 600 residents (Mina & Miguel, 2013). High
demand for housing has increased rents significantly. Also,
most of the social activities such as community games are rare
as playing grounds are limited.
Education. Although the area has a lot of schools, considerable
fraction of India Square teenagers do not finish school leading
to a high number of people who did not graduate from high
school, despite various government initiatives to encourage
children to go through the education system. The high dropout
rate can be attributed to the fact that most of the families living
here do not formal or secure jobs to sustain their families,
therefore, immediately a child reached the age to carry out
manual jobs, he or she start looking for a job to support their
families, which are usually bigger compared to an average
American family.
Culture and religion. At India Square, there is no a specific
culture that can be said to be common considering that it is an
area occupied by people with different cultures. People of
Indian origin practice their culture, same with African-
American, Hispanics Whites and others. However, regarding
religion, people are generally divided into two major groups;
Hinduism for the India originated population, and Christianity
for most of the other races. In fact, as one walk around the most

7. common holly places are Churches and Temples.
Health Services. There are a several health centers in India
Square. However, because majority of the people do not have
health insurance, they find it difficult to access health services
from the existing health centers. It is a common practice not to
seek medical services unless or, until the illness gets to another
level.
Transportation and businesses. Like in any other area New
Jersey City, the community of Indian Square enjoys a good,
both private and public, transport system.
Demographic Changes in India Square
In India Square, the three major races account for around 90%
of the population, that is, Indian-Americans 42.4%, Hispanics
35.2%, and African-Americans 13%. Of these, most of them live
under poverty level while majority of the remaining are slightly
above the poverty level, since most families depend on one of
the family members to sustain them. Until 2014, the population
of this area was growing at very high rate due to high rate of
illegal immigration. However, in the last 5 years, the rate has
slowed down probably because of the tough stand of the
government against immigrants (United States Census Bureau,
2018).
Health Risks and Health Care Needs in Indian Square
Considering this population’s living standards, most health risks
are related to low economic status. Among the common health
risks include; Substance use which can be attributed to their
inability to handle stressing situations caused by low quality of
life. Alcohol is the most commonly substance used (47%
population take alcohol at least once per week), followed by
smoking 35% of all senior citizens being smokers. Most deaths
in the area are caused by heart diseases, diabetes, and cancer,
among others. As mentioned earlier, very people have medical
insurance due to high level of unemployment (Carter, Omenn &
Mona, 2016). Communicable diseases and HIV are other health
risks.
Preventive strategy

8. In this community, health care can be improved by creating
health awareness where people will be enlightened on how to
prevent various diseases and how to respond to different health
issues. Education is power.
Policymakers, researchers, health professionals and the whole
community should start working together to decrease imparities
and to educate the population in topics such food and nutrition,
physical activity, drug and alcohol programs for those who need
it and health screenings for the vulnerable population.
Health determinants
Basically, poverty is the major determinant of health in this
society. Most people cannot afford basic regular medical check-
ups. They are also not able purchase healthy diet or are too busy
working to follow up with diets and physical exercise.
The financial struggle to meet basic needs also affect the
dynamic of the families, leading to stress and even violence
under stressful situations. The victims of violence often feel
trapped and aimless due to their immigration status. Owning all
those stressors, and with lack of support, people with low
socioeconomic status are at a higher risk for obesity, diabetes,
,substance abuse, crime and violence.
References
Mina, M., & Miguel, A. (2013). American Gemography. New
York: New York Press.
United States Census Bureau. (2018, December 12). American
Fact Finder. Retrieved January 30,
2019, from United States Census Bureau.
https://factfinder.census.goc/faces/nav/jsf/pages/communit
y_facts.xhtml?src=bkmk
Carter, W., Omenn, G., & Mona, M. (2016). Characteristics of

9. Health Promotion Programs in
Federal Worksites: Findings from the Federal Worksite Project.
American Journal of Health Promotion, 67, 43-45.