Case Study 1 GROUP 2 Derek Yach, senior vice president for global health policy at PepsiCo, is assembling a team of “idealistic scientists to find alternatives to Doritos.”These physicians and researchers with doctorate degrees, many of whom have built their reputations at places like the Mayo Clinic, the World Health Organization, and like-minded organizations, are tasked with creating healthier options by “making the bad stuff less bad.” (p. 367) Suppose that you were put in charge of this elite team. How would you lead it? THE CASE STUDY: Structured around GROUP EFFORT Have group LEADERS and STATUS Have each group be designed a specific TASK. (I.E: Health Statistics, Differences in Doritos versus other chips, etc) Give each group a different set of goals Use GROUP DECISION MAKING for all the decisions we make Group SIZE affects performance and satisfaction Small groups are faster at completing tasks than are larger ones Work will be decided on together Mostly using TASK GROUPS - groups will have a specific job. We will then have CROSS-FUNCTIONING TEAMS - we will bring together skills and research from all the groups and have discussion on each days developments We will EVALUATE the research and developments of the day to make SPECIFIC PLANS for the next day Have a DISCUSSION with each team at the end of the day to see what they struggled with. performance and satisfaction TEAMWORK Group 1: Find which ingredients are causing the most harm in the human body Identify the decision criteria of ingredients and allocate weights to the criteria Find out what is the most harmful aspects of doritos Group 2 Find and develop alternative ingredients to replace the most problematic ingredients and then analyze it. Focus Specifically on: lowering calories, fat content, carbs, and sodium without diminishing the taste. Group 3 Decipher and analyze the information from the first two groups Select alternatives and implement those for evaluation What Would Our Groups Do? What did you accomplish? What are the health benefits of any current developments? What changes need to be made? How can we execute those changes in a proficient manner? What could we do differently tomorrow to make sure that we are working efficiently? Is your team working well together? why or why not? END OF THE DAY QUESTIONS? Group: two or more interacting interdependent individuals who come together to achieve specific goals Leaders: someone who can influence others and who has managerial authority Status: a prestige grading, position, or rank within a group Task: work that is done or undertaken Group Decision Making: individuals collectively make a choice from the alternatives before them Size: affects performance and satisfaction, but the effect depends on what the group is supposed to accomplish. Research indicates, for instance, that small groups are faster at completing tasks than are larger ones ...

1. Case Study 1
GROUP 2
Derek Yach, senior vice president for global health policy
at PepsiCo, is assembling a team of “idealistic scientists
to find alternatives to Doritos.”These physicians and
researchers with doctorate degrees, many of whom have
built their reputations at places like the Mayo Clinic, the
World Health Organization, and like-minded organizations,
are tasked with creating healthier options by “making the
bad stuff less bad.” (p. 367)
Suppose that you were put in charge of
this elite team. How would you lead it?
THE CASE STUDY:

2. Structured around GROUP EFFORT
Have group LEADERS and STATUS
Have each group be designed a specific TASK. (I.E: Health
Statistics, Differences in Doritos versus other chips, etc)
Give each group a different set of goals
Use GROUP DECISION MAKING for all the decisions we make
Group SIZE affects performance and satisfaction
Small groups are faster at completing tasks than are larger ones
Work will be decided on together
Mostly using TASK GROUPS - groups will have a specific job.
We will then have CROSS-FUNCTIONING TEAMS - we will
bring together skills and research from all the groups and have
discussion on each days developments
We will EVALUATE the research and developments of the day
to make SPECIFIC PLANS for the next day
Have a DISCUSSION with each team at the end of the day to
see what they
struggled with.
performance and satisfaction
TEAMWORK
Group 1:
Find which ingredients are causing the most harm in the human

3. body
Identify the decision criteria of ingredients and allocate weights
to the criteria
Find out what is the most harmful aspects of doritos
Group 2
Find and develop alternative ingredients to replace the most
problematic ingredients and then analyze it.
Focus Specifically on: lowering calories, fat content, carbs, and
sodium without diminishing the taste.
Group 3
Decipher and analyze the information from the first two groups
Select alternatives and implement those for evaluation
What Would Our Groups Do?
What did you accomplish?
What are the health benefits of any current developments?
What changes need to be made?
How can we execute those changes in a proficient manner?
What could we do differently tomorrow to make sure that we
are working efficiently?

4. Is your team working well together? why or why not?
END OF THE DAY QUESTIONS?
Group: two or more interacting interdependent individuals who
come together to achieve specific goals
Leaders: someone who can influence others and who has
managerial authority
Status: a prestige grading, position, or rank within a group
Task: work that is done or undertaken
Group Decision Making: individuals collectively make a choice
from the alternatives before them
Size: affects performance and satisfaction, but the effect
depends on what the group is supposed to accomplish. Research
indicates, for instance, that small groups are faster at
completing tasks than are larger ones
Task - Groups: groups composed of individuals brought together
to complete a specific job or task- their existence is often
temporary because when the task is completed, the group
disbands
Cross Functioning teams: groups that bring together the
knowledge and skills of individuals from various work areas or
groups whose members have been trained to do each others’
jobs.
Specific Plans: plans that are clearly defined and leave no room
for interpretation
Evaluate: form an idea of the amount, number, or value of

5. Discussion: the act of talking about something with another
person or a group of people
Golden Terms
Are there any terms that were new to you?
Would you guys handle the situation differently than any of our
group members did?
Discussion Questions
Michael Scott’s Advice to You

6. Jaycee Levin Noura Boustany Jost
Robert Prindle
Courtney Jankowski
Hyun Kang
Our Group Members:
1
Running Head: HEALTH CARE PROJECT
2
Health Care Project
Health Care Project

7. Melissa Morales
Rasmussen College
Author Note
This paper is being submitted on April 19, 2015; for Laura
Sheneman’s, H350/HSA3751 Section 04 Healthcare Statistics -
2015 Spring Quarter.
HealthPark Medical Center located in Fort Myers, Florida.
HealthPark is part of Lee Memorial Health Systems which is a
group that includes 3 other hospitals in the surrounding area and
many other healthcare facilities. HealthPark itself was
established in 1991. HealthPark is considered an acute care
facility having 368 beds total which allows them to serve over
55,000 patients a year with a staff of over 1,000 physicians,
1,600 employees and 1,000 volunteers annually (HealthPark
Medical Center, 2015).
HealthPark houses the Golisano Children’s Hospital of
Southwest Florida which is the only hospital for children of its
kind within a two hour radius. HealthPark is also the principal
location for the Chest Pain Center. This hospital is fully
accredited and has very prestigious awards for its cardiology
department including being named one of the "100 Top
Hospitals" for cardiology and intensive care in the country,
certified by the American Association of Cardiovascular and
Pulmonary Rehabilitation, and receiving the Health grades
Coronary Intervention Excellence Award for 2013 (HealthPark
Medical Center, 2015).
This hospital stands out across the nation and more so within
the state of Florida for its cardiac facilities but also has
recognition in other areas. They received the Health grades
Women’s Health Excellence Award four years in a row. They

8. also offer many advanced procedures which are minimally
invasive for cardiac, urology, gynecology and general surgery
using robotic technology. The use of this robot called the da
Vinci Surgical Robot definitely sets them aside from the more
traditional techniques that have been used in the past and
require extended recovery and extended hospital stays.
HealthPark has a multitude of masks also having a 112-bed
Rehabilitation Center, with a five-star rating from the Agency
for Health Care Administration.
Statistical Analysis
Chronic Disease Indicators (CDI) refers to a set surveillance
indicators that were developed by consensus like CDC, CSTE,
and National Association of Chronic Disease Directors
(NACDD). It has facilitated public health professionals as well
as policy makers to retrieve data on state and metropolitan level
uniformly (Remington, Brownson, Wegner, & American Public
Health Association, 2010). The disease, as well as its risks, has
a great impact on the health of the public. This work is meant to
look at the importance of the indicators of surveillance,
evaluating public health interventions and prioritization.
According to the National health care quality and disparities
report, there has been increased access to improved health care
for all ethnics and races. This has been facilitated by Affordable
care Act.
There were 73 indicators of CDI originally according to 1998
adoption that was thoroughly amended in 2002. CDC, NACDD
and CSTE, collaborated in the year 2012-13 so as to come up
with a series of reviews. Opinions of experts as well as updating
the public on recommendations to be taken are to update CDI.
Their goal was mainly to ensure that CDI was responsive to its
scope and that there was proper prioritization of prevention
measures of chronic disease in the health departments of the
state (Prohaska, Anderson, & Binstock, 2012).
The report shows that the indicators increased to 124 in 2014.
This was as a result of 18 topic groups; asthma, alcohol,
arthritis, cancer, chronic kidney disease, diabetes,

9. cardiovascular disease, oral health, tobacco, overarching
conditions and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. There
was a total of 124 individuals who were measured to test the
124 indicators (Remington, Brownson, Wegner, & American
Public Health Association, 2010). Many of the individuals show
a multiple chronic illnesses. Other types were discovered in a
particular gender or age group only.
According to this year’s report, insurance has improved the rate
as people can now obtain the coverage affordable. The access to
health care by insurance has decreased to 15.6 %. Those aged
18-64 have declined to 22.3.
RESEARCH DESIGN
Problem Statement
To manage health care expenses and raise quality, health care
policy increasingly depends on consumers to be informed and
engaged. The major steps of the Medicare Landmark
Prescription Medicines, Improvement and revolution Act of
2003, are the basis of this approach. Under this Act temporary
discount drug card program, Medicare beneficiaries must
compare card fees, medicine expenses and chemists to
investigate whether they need to be involved in the program
and, if so, which card to choose.
The prescription drug benefit requires beneficiaries to
decide among private prescription drug plans that vary in terms
of comprehensiveness, cost, and formularies, and to weigh the
costs and advantages of getting involved in the program during
the commencement period or giving financial penalties for
enrolling later. Increased-quality care for long term ailments
depends on activated and informed end users. The benefit of
patients’ role in self-controlling extended or long term illness,
including making frequent decisions on the medication,
exercise, and diet—is increasingly becoming recognized.
The Act comprises of provisions to raise chronic ailment
management through utilizing disease management programs.
These initiatives, managed by health plans and disorder

10. management bodies, are for the purpose to educate beneficiaries
with severe chronic illnesses on how to self-manage their
conditions. While older persons are increasingly expected to
make complex health care decisions and play a bigger part in
directing their own wellbeing management, it is questionable
whether all are capable of the tasks associated with this greater
responsibility. A country investigation in 1992 realized that low
levels of literacy are widespread in the United States,
specifically among older respondents.
More than half of the key participants not less than 65 years
and older were incapacitated to correctly locate an intersection
on a street map or enter personal information on an application.
Literacy skills related to health, which comprises the capability
to digest and understand common information expected to make
proper health decisions, are strongly associated with health-
related outcomes. Those with poor health literacy skills are less
knowledgeable about health, receive less preventive care, have
worse chronic illness control and have a higher emergency
department and hospital utilization.
Another factor that may hinder consumers’ ability to take more
responsibility for health care is their level of activation, which
means the knowledge, skills, beliefs, and confidence to manage
one’s health. Patient activation levels, which predict health
outcomes such as preventive behaviors, are lower among older
adults. The related concept of self-efficacy (which refers to
having the confidence to undertake a specific health-related
task) is positively correlated with effective disease self-
management and negatively related to hospital utilization rates.
To date, research on the health-related effects on the activation
of patient and health literacy have been conducted separately,
although it has been suggested that a connection exists. It is
possible that health literacy levels influence health outcomes
indirectly, through patient activation, in which at least two case
policies targeting at the improvement literacy would also
increase the process of patient activation (Casalino, 2005). In
addition, also there is the possibility that health education and

11. activation of patient separately influence health outcomes; in
this case, interventions to raise both activation and literacy
levels would be required to influence the health care of older
adults’.
Purpose Statement
This study will examine the correlation between activation of
patients and health literacy and will investigate the influence of
each of the various aspects in which adults which are older need
to have the information or skill to be in a position to manage
their wellbeing. These aspects are inclusive of decision making
on Medicare, health-care-related characters, healthy code of
contact, and chronic disease self-management behaviors, they
are described more fully in further investigations to be done.
The investigation of health education and activation of patients
and their effect on health care choices and health and health-
care-related behaviors will enable one to know the various types
of measures to take that are likely to be most efficient and
effective in consumer engagement support.
Research Question (R1)
To what extend does health literacy and activation of patient
Contribute to older adults’ capacity to manage their health?
This problem can be approached by interventions to raise both
activation and literacy levels would be required to influence.
These interventions can be on the basis of mass campaigns in
social media such as television and radios in order to
disseminate information to the older adults’ on how to manage
their health. Also it is achieved by holding seminars and
conferences on the importance to manage ones’ health.
Research and Design Methods
To analyze data on the activation of patients and health literacy,
application of inferential statistics is very important. Inferential
statistics refers to data that are used to make generalizations
about the patient population and their health literacy level. The
analysis can include t-tests, regression analysis, ANOVAs,
reliability, validity, and confidence intervals. The methods tend
to analyze the relationship between activation of a patient and

12. their health awareness or literacy.
T-tests show that the two populations follow a normal
distribution since it is assumed that the patients are always
conscious of the health issues. The patients’ activation on heath
cases will, therefore, increase their literacy level in the
understanding of their health status and measures to improve. It
means that the alternative hypothesis that patients’ awareness
improve their health knowledge is accepted (Osborn, 2006).
The relationship between patients’ activation and health literacy
in regression analysis shows that health knowledge is dependent
on the activation of the sick. The variables are related in that
without basic education of the patient; they will not be aware of
their health conditions and even how to deal with health cases.
Analysis of variance on activation of data analysis of patients
and health literacy indicates that the means of the variables are
not equal because one variable depends on another variable.
Therefore, it means that the health literacy level is determined
by the activation of patients (Plichta & Garzon, 2009).
From the conclusions of the t-tests, ANOVAs and regression
analysis, the results are consistent that one variable depend on
another variable. Since the tests give the same outcome, it can
be concluded that the relationship between activation of ill
people and the health literacy is reliable. The results got are
applicable in the real life situation. We can, therefore, approve
the findings to be valid because only educated patients have
knowledge in health issues. The population parameter
constructed through several data analysis gives a true value
matching the confidential range from the estimations.
The essay yet to follow is based on the factors that affect the
population growth trends in the U.S. To begin with, the most
common factor that affects population growth in the U.S is
immigration. The United States is so far the state with the
greatest economy due to their improved technology and
experienced personnel. People from all parts of the world move
to this state in search of employment opportunities, higher
education and business partnerships. This in turn leads to an

13. increase in the U.S population as it is a big state that can
accommodate a huge number of residents. This becomes an
issue when the increase in population begins causing
overpopulation and congestion in various schools of life such as
learning institutions, housing facilities and infrastructure. An
increase in population causes the up come of slums and shanties
which in turn leads to the outbreak of diseases and an increase
in the level of crime. (Wunderlich, 2010, p. 78).
The second factor is emigration. Emigration refers to the
movement of people away from a place. The U.S citizens also
migrate to other parts of the world due to business or just
personal pleasure. Recently statistics study shows that more U.S
citizens have moved to China which seems to be posing a great
competition economically to the United States (White, 2008, p.
59). This in turn leads to decrease in population in the places
that they previously occupied. In this sense, when the citizens
of the United States of America move to other countries, they
take along their expertise and specialty in certain fields of life
such as medicine, engineering and other crucial fields. The fact
on file that the country loses some of its major assets draws
down to the idea that the economy will definitely go down due
to the lack of adequate qualified personnel to partake jobs that
require extreme specialties.
The third factor affecting the US population is the
improvement of agricultural technology. Agriculture has proved
to be the backbone of every other state and country. More U.S
citizens shift to places where there is plenty of agriculture in
order to sustain themselves. This is evident since there is dense
population where agricultural activities as compared to the
places with less agricultural practices. The fact that immigration
increases the general population of the United States means that
many individuals in the society will be forced to engage in a
struggle to get food and other basic wants of life. All over the
world, generally all the countries rely on agricultural products
as their staple foods going by the fact that they ate not only
healthy but also easily affordable.

14. Another factor largely affecting the U.S population is the
use of birth control medications. Today, more women are
working as compared to the recent years. A lot of women
acquire education and afterwards they are employed in
organization and companies that are demanding. With this in
mind the responsibility of child care at home becomes a great
challenge therefore they prefer having less number of children
(Katz, 2005, p. 54). The current state of affairs of the today
world has modeled women to be more than just mothers and
simple housewives. Unlike the former patriarchal society, the
world today recognizes both feminism and masculinity in all
fields of life. While analyzing the difference between women of
the former society and the current, it is essential to note that the
latter are more than willing to engage in any activity that the
average man does. It is a result of this spirit that most U.S
families have a maximum of three or two children. This in turn
leads to a great decrease in the U.S population.
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HealthPark Medical Center. (2015). Retrieved April 18, 2015,
from Lee Memorial Health Systems:
http://www.leememorial.org/facilities/healthpark.asp
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Prohaska, T. R., Anderson, L. A., & Binstock, R. H. (2012).
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Casalino LP (2005). Disease management and the Organization
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Medicare Prescription Drug, Improvement and Modernization

15. Act of 2003, Subtitle C, Section 721 (a) (2) (B) ; 276.
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Plichta, S. B., & Garzon, L. S. (2009). Statistics for nursing and
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Series 1 2013 2014 2015 24.6 15.6 3.5 Series 2 2013 2014
2015 2.4 4.4000000000000004 1.8 Series 3 2013
2014 2015 2 2 3