Transactional Analysis: Understanding Self and Others; Developing Interpersonal Relationships; Johari Window

1. Interpersonal Relationships
Transactional Analysis:
Understanding Self and Others;
Developing Interpersonal Relationships;
Johari Window

2. Interpersonal Relationship @
Workplace
These are two distinct, yet interrelated needs.
• Attachment – It is the need to form special
close relationships
• Affiliation – It is the need to be with other
people in general – a sense of belonging to a
larger group.

3. For developing a positive and healthy interpersonal
relationship the following aspects are important:
(i) The workplace behaviour should follow the ethics of
the workplace.
(ii) An employee must not interfere in his colleague’s
work.
(iii) Provision of space to the co-employee is essential
(iv) Rumours are the biggest enemy
(v) Information is required to be shared with any of the
co-employee in desired form
(vi) Confidential information is not shared with the co-
employees.
(vii)No place for ego in interpersonal relationship
(viii)Stay away from the politics at workplace

4. Factors affecting interpersonal
relationship
• Rapport
• Empathy
• Trust
• Compatibility
• Communication
• Respect
• Mental expectations
• Flexibility
• Honesty
• Staying calm
• Forgiving
• Smile
• Time

5. TRANSACTIONAL ANALYSIS

6. Definition- Transaction Analysis
• “Transactional analysis (TA) is a technique used to
help people better understands their own and
other’s behaviour, especially in interpersonal
relationships.”
• “TA refers to a method of analyzing and
understanding interpersonal behaviour. TA offers
a model of personality and the dynamics of self
and its relationship to others that makes possible
a clear and meaningful discussion of behaviour.”

7. TA is primarily concerned with the
following:
• Analysis of Self Awareness
• Analysis of Ego states
• Analysis of Transactions
• Script analysis
• Game Analysis
• Analysis of Life Position
• Stroking

8. 1. Analysis of Self Awareness-
JOHARI WINDOW

9. 2. Analysis of Ego states
• These three ego states are shown in the
following figure:

10. 3. Analysis of Transaction
• Depending on the ego states of the persons
involved in transactions, there may be three
types of transactions:
(i) Complementary transactions
(ii) Crossed transaction
(iii) Ulterior transactions.

11. Complementary transactions

12. Crossed Transaction

13. 4. Script Analysis
Legitimate Roles:
These roles are realistically appropriate
to the situation. Some legitimate roles
are:
Illegitimate Roles:
The roles are said to be illegitimate if they are
used like masks and People use them for the
purposes of manipulation.
A Prosecutor:
Someone who sets necessary limits on
behaviour or is charged with enforcing a
rule.
A prosecutor:
Someone who sets unnecessary strict limits on
behaviour or is charged with enforcing the
rules but does so with sadistic brutality.
A Victim:
Someone who qualifies for a job but is
denied the job because of race, sex or
religion.
A victim:
Someone who does not qualify for a job but
falsely claims that it is denied to him because
of race, sex or religion.
A Rescuer:
Someone who helps a person who is
functioning inadequately to become
rehabilitated and self reliant.
A Rescuer:
Someone who in the guise of being helpful,
keep others dependent upon him or her.

14. 5. Analysis of Life Positions:

15. 6. Strocking
• The term stroke refers to “giving some kind of recognition to the
other.”
• In-fact, strokes are a basic unit of motivation because:
(i) The quantity and quality of strokes serves as either positive or
negative motivation for employees.
(ii) A good share of satisfaction we get from work depends on the
strokes available from other people.
(iii) We can get strokes from the activities of the work itself, especially
if what we are doing really fits and we can take responsibility for it.
There are three types of strokes:
(i) Positive
(ii) Negative
(iii) Mixed

16. 7. Game Analysis
• James and Jongeward note that “games prevent
honest, intimate and open relationship between
the players. Yet people play them because they
fill up time, provoke attention, reinforce early
opinions about self and others and fulfill a sense
of destiny.”
• A psychological game is a set of transactions
with three characteristics:
(i) The transaction tends to be repeated.
(ii) They make sense on superficial or social level.
(iii) One or more of the transactions is ulterior.

17. However, people still play psychological games in the
organisations because of the following reasons:
(i) To get Strokes:
(ii) To Strengthen Life Positions
(iii) To Avoid or Control Intimacy
Jongeward has suggested the following steps to overcome
psychological games:
• Avoidance of the complementary hand
• Avoidance of acting roles involved in games particularly,
victim roles.
• Avoidance of putting other people down.
• Avoidance of putting oneself down.
• Giving and taking positive strokes as against negative strokes.
• Investing more of life’s time in activities and intimacy and
• Levelling the thinking with others.

18. Benefits and Utility of TA
• Improved Interpersonal Communication
• Source of Psychic Energy
• Understanding the Egostates
• Motivation
• Organisational Development