Sustainability

1. SEARCHING FOR SUSTAINABILITY IN AN
ENCROACHING AND TRANSFORMING WORLD
BRIEFING TO P2 & HWM CONFERENCE & EXHIBITION
SAN ANTONIO, TX
22 AUGUST 2002
DAVID S. EADY
ARMY ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY INSTITUTE

2. Assistant Secretary of the Army (Installations and Environment)
3-28-02 OASA (I&E) 2
Outline
• Define installation sustainability
• Discuss basic sustainability principles,
practices and benefits
• Identify strategic and operational
opportunities to address sustainability
• Suggest alignment / integration in support of
transformation to sustainable installations

3. Assistant Secretary of the Army (Installations and Environment)
3-28-02 OASA (I&E) 3
What is sustainability?
the “academic” response
“…broadly refers to the persistence of the
integrity and structure of a system over
time.”
– (Costanza et al. 2001)
“…the ability of a system to continue
functioning into the future without being
forced into decline through the exhaustion or
overloading of the key resources on which that
system depends”
– (Gilman 1996; AIA 1996)

4. Assistant Secretary of the Army (Installations and Environment)
3-28-02 OASA (I&E) 4
What is sustainability?
the “text book” response
“…meeting the needs of the present,
without compromising the ability of future
generations to meet their own needs.”
– (World Commission on Environment and Development 1987)

5. Assistant Secretary of the Army (Installations and Environment)
3-28-02 OASA (I&E) 5
What is installation sustainability?
… a condition in which an installation is able to
fully execute its present missions without
compromising either its ability to accomplish
future missions or the ability of its neighboring
communities to realize their aspirations.
– Emphasis on sustaining the mission must incorporate link
with the natural and built environments within which
soldiers and civilians live, work, play and train.
– Requires additional focus on the social, economic and
physical well-being of soldiers and civilian personnel,
their families and communities, all of whom are
impacted.

6. Assistant Secretary of the Army (Installations and Environment)
3-28-02 OASA (I&E) 6
It means sustaining…
W
ELL-BEING
MISSION
INFRASTRUCTURE
COMMUNITIES
ENVIRONMENT

7. Assistant Secretary of the Army (Installations and Environment)
3-28-02 OASA (I&E) 7
Principles
two “popular” perspectives
• The Natural Step
– Karl-Henrik Robèrt
• Natural Capitalism
– Paul Hawken, Amory Lovins and Hunter Lovins
• Natural Capitalism
– Paul Hawken, Amory Lovins and Hunter Lovins

8. Assistant Secretary of the Army (Installations and Environment)
3-28-02 OASA (I&E) 8
The Natural Step - “System Conditions”
In order for a society to be sustainable:
Nature’s functions and diversity must not be
systematically:
1 …subject to increasing concentrations of substances
extracted from the Earth’s crust;
2 …subject to increasing concentrations of substances
produced by society; or
3 …impoverished by over-harvesting or other forms of
ecosystem manipulation.
And,
4 Resources must be used fairly and efficiently in order
to meet basic human needs worldwide.

9. Assistant Secretary of the Army (Installations and Environment)
3-28-02 OASA (I&E) 9
Nature’s Unique Contribution
• It provides resources…
• It performs ecological services…
• It absorbs wastes…
Nature’s “Rules”
• Don’t use up all the resources.
• Don’t disrupt ecological services – life
support.
• Don’t overwhelm the waste-absorption
capacity.

10. Assistant Secretary of the Army (Installations and Environment)
3-28-02 OASA (I&E) 10
Resource Funnel
SUSTAINABILITY
MARGIN FOR
ACTION
Resource Availability and
Ecosystem Ability to Provide Vital
ServicesRaw materials, ecosystem services, declining
integrity, and capacity of natural systems
Societal Demand for Resources
Exponential growth in population, resource requirements as
affluence increases, increased demands as technology spreads

11. Assistant Secretary of the Army (Installations and Environment)
3-28-02 OASA (I&E) 11
Back-casting From Sustainability
SUSTAINABILITY
Resource Availability and
Ecosystem Ability to Provide Vital
ServicesRaw materials, ecosystem services, declining
integrity, and capacity of natural systems
Societal Demand for Resources
Exponential growth in population, resource requirements as
affluence increases, increased demands as technology spreads
An
installation
today Unsustainable
direction
Proactive
installation in a
sustainable future
Back-casting
Steps toSustainability

12. Assistant Secretary of the Army (Installations and Environment)
3-28-02 OASA (I&E) 12
Strategies: Natural Capitalism
• Increase resource efficiency and
productivity
• Eliminate the concept of waste – close the
loop, mimic nature
• Focus on service and resource flow instead
of product procurement
• Reinvest in natural capital to restore
ecological diversity and productive capacity

13. Assistant Secretary of the Army (Installations and Environment)
3-28-02 OASA (I&E) 13
Practices – Army Examples
• Deployable Photovoltaic Technology
• Green Neighborhood Development
• Zero Footprint Camp
• Private Lands Initiative
• “Bio-mimicry” of Spider Silk
• Installation Sustainability Program

14. Assistant Secretary of the Army (Installations and Environment)
3-28-02 OASA (I&E) 14
Benefits
• Enhanced operational effectiveness
• Increased resource efficiency
• Minimized waste production
• Optimized lifecycle costs
• Strengthened relationships
• Restored ecological functions

15. Assistant Secretary of the Army (Installations and Environment)
3-28-02 OASA (I&E) 15
Issues
• Encroachment pressures
• Stove-piped management
• Tunnel vision
• Short-sightedness
• Resource fragmentation

16. Assistant Secretary of the Army (Installations and Environment)
3-28-02 OASA (I&E) 16
Opportunities
• Stationing actions
• Installation planning
• Management systems

17. Assistant Secretary of the Army (Installations and Environment)
3-28-02 OASA (I&E) 17
Stationing Actions
… consist of two components:
(1) Force structure
– Which addresses manpower issues
(1) Installations
– Which addresses facilities management issues
Facility Management:
Military construction
Facilities revitalization
Real property maintenance
Housing and base support
Base operations support
Family programs
Environment
Audio-visual/base
communications

18. Assistant Secretary of the Army (Installations and Environment)
3-28-02 OASA (I&E) 18
Planning Stationing Actions
Define
Requirements
Inventory
Assets
Identify
Activities
Develop
AlternativesEvaluate
Alternatives
Present
Analyses
Recommend
Selection
Select
Alternative

19. Assistant Secretary of the Army (Installations and Environment)
3-28-02 OASA (I&E) 19
Sustainability Analysis
Sustainability Issues
Figure 3
Installations
Sustainability Issues
Figure 3
Installations
RAG scores reflect:
significant threats
potential threats
no known threats
not applicable (at this time)
Each intersection in the
matrix is“scored” as blank,
red, amber or green (RAG)

20. Assistant Secretary of the Army (Installations and Environment)
3-28-02 OASA (I&E) 20
Mission Constraints
Resource
Scarcity
Encroachment Public Concerns
Wellness ConcernsEnvironmental
Enclaves
Environmental
Regs
Aging
Infrastructure Degradation of
Training Lands
Unreliable Energy
Waste Disposal
Problems
Scarce Water Paralyzing Traffic
Cultural Issues
Resource
Scarcity
Resource
Scarcity
EncroachmentEncroachment Public ConcernsPublic Concerns
Wellness ConcernsWellness ConcernsEnvironmental
Enclaves
Environmental
Enclaves
Environmental
Regs
Environmental
Regs
Aging
Infrastructure
Aging
Infrastructure Degradation of
Training Lands
Degradation of
Training Lands
Unreliable EnergyUnreliable Energy
Waste Disposal
Problems
Waste Disposal
Problems
Scarce WaterScarce Water Paralyzing TrafficParalyzing Traffic
Cultural IssuesCultural Issues

21. Assistant Secretary of the Army (Installations and Environment)
3-28-02 OASA (I&E) 21
Indicator
Number Issue Stressor Indicator
WhiteSandsMissileRange
YumaProvingGrouns
RockIslandArsenal
RedstoneArsenal
FortDrum
FortCarson
PinyonCanyonManeuverSite
FortLewis/Yakima
FortRichardson
FortStewart/HunterAAF
FortPolk
FortBenning
FortBliss
FortRiley
FortKnox
FortCampbell
FortBragg
FortHood
N1 Air Noise Complaints
N2 Air Noise Joint Land Use Study
UD1 Land Use Urban Development Regional Population Density
UD2 Land Use Urban Development Increasing Regional Growth Rate
UD3 Land Use Urban Development Regional Population Growth
UD4 Land Use Urban Development Regional Land Urbanization
UD5 Land Use Urban Development State Smart Growth Plans
Risk Legend
Low
Medium
High
Supports Objective Force Training Requirements
Indicator
Number Issue Stressor Indicator
WhiteSandsMissileRange
YumaProvingGrouns
RockIslandArsenal
RedstoneArsenal
FortDrum
FortCarson
PinyonCanyonManeuverSite
FortLewis/Yakima
FortRichardson
FortStewart/HunterAAF
FortPolk
FortBenning
FortBliss
FortRiley
FortKnox
FortCampbell
FortBragg
FortHood
N1 Air Noise Complaints
N2 Air Noise Joint Land Use Study
UD1 Land Use Urban Development Regional Population Density
UD2 Land Use Urban Development Increasing Regional Growth Rate
UD3 Land Use Urban Development Regional Population Growth
UD4 Land Use Urban Development Regional Land Urbanization
UD5 Land Use Urban Development State Smart Growth Plans
Risk Legend
Low
Medium
High
Supports Objective Force Training Requirements
Issue Stressor Indicator
WhiteSandsMissileRange
YumaProvingGrouns
RockIslandArsenal
RedstoneArsenal
FortDrum
FortCarson
PinyonCanyonManeuverSite
FortLewis/Yakima
FortRichardson
FortStewart/HunterAAF
FortPolk
FortBenning
FortBliss
FortRiley
FortKnox
FortCampbell
FortBragg
FortHood
EA1 Energy Energy Availabity Electrical Source
EA2 Energy Energy Availabity Regionally Imported Natural Gas
EA3 Energy Energy Availabity Regionally Imported Petroleum
EA4 Energy Energy Availabity Electrical Price Structure
ES1 Energy Energy Security DG Regulations: Net Metering
WS1 Water Water Security Sole-Source Aquifer
TA1 Infrastructure Transportation Air Proximity
TA2 Infrastructure Transportation Air Capacity
TRR1 Infrastructure Transportation Rail Proximity
TRR2 Infrastructure Transportation Rail Capacity
TR1 Infrastructure Transportation Road Proximaty
TR2 Infrastructure Transportation Road Congestion
TR3 Infrastructure Transportation Road Access
SP1 Infrastructure Infrastructure Security Proximity to MSA
Risk Legend
Low
Medium
High
Strategic Response Capaility
Issue Stressor Indicator
WhiteSandsMissileRange
YumaProvingGrouns
RockIslandArsenal
RedstoneArsenal
FortDrum
FortCarson
PinyonCanyonManeuverSite
FortLewis/Yakima
FortRichardson
FortStewart/HunterAAF
FortPolk
FortBenning
FortBliss
FortRiley
FortKnox
FortCampbell
FortBragg
FortHood
EA1 Energy Energy Availabity Electrical Source
EA2 Energy Energy Availabity Regionally Imported Natural Gas
EA3 Energy Energy Availabity Regionally Imported Petroleum
EA4 Energy Energy Availabity Electrical Price Structure
ES1 Energy Energy Security DG Regulations: Net Metering
WS1 Water Water Security Sole-Source Aquifer
TA1 Infrastructure Transportation Air Proximity
TA2 Infrastructure Transportation Air Capacity
TRR1 Infrastructure Transportation Rail Proximity
TRR2 Infrastructure Transportation Rail Capacity
TR1 Infrastructure Transportation Road Proximaty
TR2 Infrastructure Transportation Road Congestion
TR3 Infrastructure Transportation Road Access
SP1 Infrastructure Infrastructure Security Proximity to MSA
Risk Legend
Low
Medium
High
Strategic Response Capaility
Inidcator
Number Group Stressor Indicator
WhiteSandsMissileRange
YumaProvingGrouns
RockIslandArsenal
RedstoneArsenal
FortDrum
FortCarson
PinyonCanyonManeuverSite
FortLewis/Yakima
FortRichardson
FortStewart/HunterAAF
FortPolk
FortBenning
FortBliss
FortRiley
FortKnox
FortCampbell
FortBragg
FortHood
EE1 Facilities Energy Efficiency Progress Toward Goals
LI2 Facilities Locational Issues Seismic Zones
LI3 Facilities Locational Issues Natural Disasters
AQ1 Env Quality Air Quality Non-Attainment Status
AQ2 Env Quality Air Quality Air Quality Index
TE1 Env Quality TES Restrictions TES Species
TE2 Env Quality TES Restrictions TES Impacts
TE3 Env Quality TES Restrictions Critical Habitat
TE4 Env Quality TES Restrictions Species of Concern
WQ1 Env Quality Water Quality IWI All Indicators
WQ2 Env Quality Water Quality IWI Impaired Water
WA1 Env Quality Water Availability Resource Vulnerability
SH1 Env Quality Stakeholders # of Lawsuits
SH2 Env Quality Stakeholders Biological Opinions
DP1 Quality of Life DoD Economic Presence Military Employment%
QL1 Quality of Life Quality of Life Crime Rate
QL2 Quality of Life Quality of Life Housing Availabilty
QL3 Quality of Life Quality of Life Healthcare Costs
QL4 Quality of Life Quality of Life Job Availability
QL5 Quality of Life Quality of Life Educational Attainment
QL6 Quality of Life Quality of Life Commute Times
QL7 Quality of Life Quality of Life Cost of Living
QL8 Quality of Life Quality of Life Community Economic Strength
Risk Legend
Low
Medium
High
Facilities and Mission Support
Inidcator
Number Group Stressor Indicator
WhiteSandsMissileRange
YumaProvingGrouns
RockIslandArsenal
RedstoneArsenal
FortDrum
FortCarson
PinyonCanyonManeuverSite
FortLewis/Yakima
FortRichardson
FortStewart/HunterAAF
FortPolk
FortBenning
FortBliss
FortRiley
FortKnox
FortCampbell
FortBragg
FortHood
EE1 Facilities Energy Efficiency Progress Toward Goals
LI2 Facilities Locational Issues Seismic Zones
LI3 Facilities Locational Issues Natural Disasters
AQ1 Env Quality Air Quality Non-Attainment Status
AQ2 Env Quality Air Quality Air Quality Index
TE1 Env Quality TES Restrictions TES Species
TE2 Env Quality TES Restrictions TES Impacts
TE3 Env Quality TES Restrictions Critical Habitat
TE4 Env Quality TES Restrictions Species of Concern
WQ1 Env Quality Water Quality IWI All Indicators
WQ2 Env Quality Water Quality IWI Impaired Water
WA1 Env Quality Water Availability Resource Vulnerability
SH1 Env Quality Stakeholders # of Lawsuits
SH2 Env Quality Stakeholders Biological Opinions
DP1 Quality of Life DoD Economic Presence Military Employment%
QL1 Quality of Life Quality of Life Crime Rate
QL2 Quality of Life Quality of Life Housing Availabilty
QL3 Quality of Life Quality of Life Healthcare Costs
QL4 Quality of Life Quality of Life Job Availability
QL5 Quality of Life Quality of Life Educational Attainment
QL6 Quality of Life Quality of Life Commute Times
QL7 Quality of Life Quality of Life Cost of Living
QL8 Quality of Life Quality of Life Community Economic Strength
Risk Legend
Low
Medium
High
Facilities and Mission Support
Sustainable Installation Risk
Assessment

22. Assistant Secretary of the Army (Installations and Environment)
3-28-02 OASA (I&E) 22
Installation (Master) Planning
• Develop a vision of the desired end-state
• Understand and document the baseline conditions
• Develop an overall strategy and implementation
plan
– Step-wise goals and objectives
– Metrics and indicators
– Programs and resources
“… a blueprint to enable the installation to effectively
respond to future Army missions and community
aspirations, while providing the capability to train, project,
sustain and [transform] today’s force.”
– AR 210-20, Master Planning for Army Installations

23. Assistant Secretary of the Army (Installations and Environment)
3-28-02 OASA (I&E) 23
Comprehensive Planning Process
Identification
Evaluation
Implementation
Updating
examine mission
formulate goals and objectives
analyze existing conditions
opportunities and constraints
evaluate alternatives
develop The Plan
programming documents
programmatic solutions
measure progress
ensure compliance

24. Assistant Secretary of the Army (Installations and Environment)
3-28-02 OASA (I&E) 24
Installation-level Analysis
1 2 3 …n 1 2 3 …n 1 2 3 …n 1 2 3 …n
Facility (1)
Facility (2)
Facility (3)
Facility (…n)
Infrastructure (1)
Infrastructure (2)
Infrastructure (3)
Infrastructure (…n)
Range (1)
Range (2)
Range (3)
Range (…n)
Ecosystem (1)
Ecosystem (2)
Ecosystem (3)
Ecosystem (…n)
Others…
No Known Sustainability Risk
Sustainable Conditions
Ecosystems
Significant Sustainability Risk
Anticipated Sustainability Risk
Installation Components
Facilities
Infrastructure
Ranges
Human Capital
Manufactured
Capital
Financial Capital Natural Capital
Sustainability Issues
Installation Sustainability Report
1 2 3 …n 1 2 3 …n 1 2 3 …n 1 2 3 …n
Facility (1)
Facility (2)
Facility (3)
Facility (…n)
Infrastructure (1)
Infrastructure (2)
Infrastructure (3)
Infrastructure (…n)
Range (1)
Range (2)
Range (3)
Range (…n)
Ecosystem (1)
Ecosystem (2)
Ecosystem (3)
Ecosystem (…n)
Others…
No Known Sustainability Risk
Sustainable Conditions
Ecosystems
Significant Sustainability Risk
Anticipated Sustainability Risk
Installation Components
Facilities
Infrastructure
Ranges
Human Capital
Manufactured
Capital
Financial Capital Natural Capital
Sustainability Issues
1 2 3 …n 1 2 3 …n 1 2 3 …n 1 2 3 …n
Facility (1)
Facility (2)
Facility (3)
Facility (…n)
Infrastructure (1)
Infrastructure (2)
Infrastructure (3)
Infrastructure (…n)
Range (1)
Range (2)
Range (3)
Range (…n)
Ecosystem (1)
Ecosystem (2)
Ecosystem (3)
Ecosystem (…n)
Others…
No Known Sustainability Risk
Sustainable Conditions
Ecosystems
Significant Sustainability Risk
Anticipated Sustainability Risk
Installation Components
Facilities
Infrastructure
Ranges
Human Capital
Manufactured
Capital
Financial Capital Natural Capital
Sustainability Issues
Installation Sustainability Report
Installation
Sustainability Plan
• Measurable Objectives
• Resource Requirements
• Performance Indicators
• Mitigation Strategies

25. Assistant Secretary of the Army (Installations and Environment)
3-28-02 OASA (I&E) 25
Management Systems
PLAN
DO
CHECK
ACT
Deming
Cycle

26. Assistant Secretary of the Army (Installations and Environment)
3-28-02 OASA (I&E) 26
ISO 14001 EMS
Environmental
Policy
Implementation
and Operation
Planning
Checking and
Corrective
Action
Management
Review
Continual
Improvement

27. Assistant Secretary of the Army (Installations and Environment)
3-28-02 OASA (I&E) 27

28. Assistant Secretary of the Army (Installations and Environment)
3-28-02 OASA (I&E) 28
Synthesis
Identification
Evaluation
Implementation
Updating
examine mission
formulate goals and objectives
analyze existing conditions
opportunities and constraints
evaluate alternatives
develop The Plan
programming documents
programmatic solutions
measure progress
ensure compliance
Define
Requirements
Inventory
Assets
Identify
Activities
Develop
AlternativesEvaluate
Alternatives
Present
Analyses
Recommend
Selection
Select
Alternative
Environmental
Policy
Implementation
and Operation
Planning
Checking and
Corrective
Action
Management
Review
Continual
Improvement
NEPA?
Stationing
Installation
Master Planning
Management
Systems

29. Assistant Secretary of the Army (Installations and Environment)
3-28-02 OASA (I&E) 29
Summary
• Sustaining installations and mission capabilities
requires an integrated (“whole-systems”)
understanding of the significant issues that
may impede our ability to meet mission
requirements
• Stationing decisions and installation plans provide
opportunities to resolve these issues and move
toward sustainable installations and operations
• Management systems provide the discipline and
structure needed for integrating sustainability into
all aspects of installation operations

30. Assistant Secretary of the Army (Installations and Environment)
3-28-02 OASA (I&E) 30
A sustainable installation:
• Optimizes military training and support
missions
• Contributes to the well-being of soldiers,
civilians, their families, and the community
– Provides world-class facilities
– Makes a positive contribution to the community
• Is cost-effective to operate (“cradle-to-
cradle”)
• Is ecologically sustainable:
– Uses only renewable materials and energy
resources

31. Assistant Secretary of the Army (Installations and Environment)
3-28-02 OASA (I&E) 31
Closing thoughts
• It’s worse than you think!
• It’s not too late!!
• You can make a difference!!!
Source: Mathis Wackernagel
co-author, Our Ecological Footprint and Sharing
Nature’s Interest

32. Assistant Secretary of the Army (Installations and Environment)
3-28-02 OASA (I&E) 32
Questions?
Contact info:
David S. Eady
(404) 524-9364, ext. 286
deady@aepi.army.mil