http://www.tarekasaad.com/

1. Psychology of “SleepPsychology of “Sleep””
Dr.Tarek AsaadDr.Tarek Asaad

2. Definition of “SleepDefinition of “Sleep””
SLEEP COMA HYPNOSIS
Induction spontaneous With a cause induced
Recurrence Recurrent /
physiological
pathological Psycho-
physiologic/
repeated,if
required
Brain
function
Specific biologic
functions
decreased preserved
Attention reduced lost focused
Arousal Spontaneous/
induced
guarded induced
EEG Specific Slowing As wake

3. ““sleep physiologysleep physiology””
NREM Sleep REM Sleep
SYNONYMS Classic – Quiet
Orthodox
S-sleep
Active –Dreamy
Paradoxical
D-sleep
PERCENTAGE 75 – 80 % 20 – 25 %
BODY
PHYSIOLOGY
Decreased Increased
EXCEPT “muscle
tone” (ATONIA)

4. ““sleep physiologysleep physiology””
DREAMS Rare – no recall Common-recall
REM No Yes
PNT No Yes
FUNCTIONS -Restoration
-Protein
synthesis
-Endocrinal ,GH
Psych. ( ego )
Phys. =
( CA syn./
Memory
consolidation )

5. ““sleep physiologysleep physiology””
Stage I Stage II III & IV
( SWS )
REM
EEG Slow
alpha
LAFF
Spindles
K-
complx
HALF Desynch
. Saw-
tooth
EMG Some
activity
Some
activity
Some
activity
Atonia
EOG Roving ? - - REM

6. Sleep CycleSleep Cycle::
SWS
REM
Stage
I< II

7. Evolution of Sleep in Various Age GroupsEvolution of Sleep in Various Age Groups
NB 1st
year Adult Elderly
Total
sleep
hours
16
hours
12
hours
8
hours
< 8
hours
NREM
%
50% 70% 75
-80%
80%
REM % 50% 30% 20-
25%
20%
CR No yes yes less

8. Mechanism of sleep / wakeMechanism of sleep / wake
regulationregulation
• The “Two-process model” of sleep cycle :
(a)-Intrisic circadian process (process C)
(b)-Homeostatic process (process S)
• Circadian process has 2 peaks for sleep
propensity ( early morning “3-5 am” / early
afternoon”2-3 pm”) : independent on prior sleep
& waking …High & low circadian sleep pressure
is “innate”(Clock-Like)
• Homeostatic sleep drive increases with
increased time spent awake ( longer awake =
greater the propensity to sleep) (Hourglass-Like)

9. Mechanism of sleep / wakeMechanism of sleep / wake
Circadian
(process “C”)
Homeostatic
(process “S”)
Determinant : SCN / innate
( genetic ?? )
Sleep pressure
Relation to
amount spent
wake :
Not related related
Model of
action:
“Clock-like” “Hourglass-like”

10. Prolonged sleep :
A-decreased
process “S”
B-low “C”pressure
OPEN WAKE ZONE
Lack of sleep =
A-increased process “S”
B-high “C” pressure
OPEN SLEEP GATE

11. What are the “Functions” ofWhat are the “Functions” of
sleepsleep??
• PHYSIOLOGIC :
-Restorative functions
-Anabolic functions
-Neuro-endocrinal functions ( GH , insulin
, eating hormones….)
-Immunologic functions
-Sleep & cognition
(ROLE IN “HOMEOSTASIS”)

12. Functions of SleepFunctions of Sleep::
• PSYCHOLOGIC :
-Ego-integrity
-Dream Work :
…Traslation of “latent” dream into
“manifest”, satisfying repressed wishes &
bypassing the “sencor” at the same time
…Mechanism is through symbolism,
projection , displacement….

13. QUESTIONSQUESTIONS
• What are the characteristics & functions of
“REM Sleep” ?
• The following is true about SWS :
a-complete atonia in EMG.
b-GH secretion occurs in this stage.
c-dreams are frequent.
d-increased HR is found.
e-sleep spindles are
characteristic.