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- 3. Eastern The Native Americans on the East coast were fishermen and farmers. They were the first to encounter many of the Europeans who came to settle in the new world.
- 4. Plains Tribes in the plains, the middle of North America, largely hunted bison. They were famous for their encounters with pioneers in the 1800’s sparking many long wars.
- 5. Northwestern The peoples of the Pacific Northwest were fishermen. They lived in longhouses designed to keep them dry from the rain. Totem Poles were a traditional art practiced.
- 6. Arctic Alaskan Natives made their clothes and homes to battle the cold temperatures. Ice fishing and snowshoeing were common in the winter.
- 7. Southwestern Southwestern Native Americans made their homes and pots out of clay. They are also famous for making colorful jewelry.
- 8. Houses • Different tribes had different houses • Some tribes lived in houses made of wood • Other tribes lived in houses made of buffalo skin so they could move when they needed to hunt • Others made houses made of mud bricks
- 10. Teepee
- 11. Wigwam
- 12. Beliefs and Values •Strong connection to nature - using resources from Mother Earth in moderation •Respect for elders •Code of Ethics •Land is not property to be owned by one, but a resource to be shared with all. All things share the same breath - the beast, the tree, the man, the air shares its spirit with all the life it supports. Chief Seattle
- 13. Totem Poles
- 15. Dream Catchers • Dream catchers catch bad dreams in the web, and let good dreams pass through the center
- 17. Fun Facts Native Americans invented lacrosse, a sport now played internationally. Another invention was the toboggan which is a favorite winter pastime. The U.S. one dollar coin features Sacagawea, a famous native american woman.
- 18. Native American Reservations • Now, there are areas of the United States that are reserved only for Native Americans • They make their own laws and govern themselves. • Native Americans are citizens of the US and many live in the general population.
- 20. Native AmericanNative American ConflictConflict & Assimilation& Assimilation
- 21. North America was not just a vast empty plain before Europeans arrived, there were native tribes from coast to coast.
- 25. Native tribes of the plains depended on buffalo hunting for most of their needs
- 27. During the greatWestern migration, thousands of settlers set out across the plains
- 28. At first, some people tried to negotiate a way to peacefully share theWest. First lady Mary Todd Lincoln (at Right) welcoming Native Americans at the White House
- 29. But others were hostile to Native Americans and efforts were made to systematically kill off the buffalo, the source of their livelihood.
- 30. Piles of buffalo hides killed by white settlers
- 31. The government began forcing Native Americans off of their land and selling it to white settlers.
- 32. Native Americans retaliated, and encounters with settlers often ended in violence.
- 33. The U.S. Calvary wages a campaign against the Native Americans all across the West.
- 35. George Armstrong Custer commanded the 7th Calvary in the Battle of Little Bighorn, the worst U.S. Army defeat against Native Americans.
- 36. The battle is also called Custer’s Last Stand
- 37. Sitting Bull led the Native American forces to victory at Little Bighorn. There were 2,000-3,000 Lakota, Northern Cheyenne and Arapaho warriors compared to Custer’s 700 soldiers.
- 46. But eventually it came to an end…
- 47. The Battle of Wounded Knee marked the end of Native American resistance. With it, they were forced to accept defeat.
- 48. At Wounded Knee, U.S. forces massacred 300 unarmed Native Americans with deadly Gatlin guns (left). This included women and children.
- 50. Burying the Native American dead in a mass grave at Wounded Knee
- 51. After they were forced to accept defeat, the U.S. policy for Native Americans was “assimilation.” This meant that they would have to give up their way of life and adopt American culture. Young boy before attending assimilation school.
- 53. Students were taught how to exist in white society, like job skills.
- 57. They were taught Christianity… The Bible translated to
- 58. …and how to meet white society’s social expectations.
- 59. Native American children were sent by the hundreds to assimilation boarding schools that taught them to reject their native cultures.
Editor's Notes
- Native Americans are the indigenous peoples of North America.
- Native Americans lived in six different regions. There were hundreds of different tribes, each with linguistic and cultural differences.
- These Indians lived in forests and their food, shelter, clothing and weapons came from the forests around them. They built their homes (rectangular homes called longhouses) and canoes from wood.
- The Plains Indians lived on the Great Plains of North America. Some tribes were nomadic, which meant that they moved from place to play following herds of buffalo. Other tribes were semi-sedentary. They lived in villages, hunted buffalo and raised crops. Much of their clothes and homes were made from bison skins. They were known for their equestrian skills and they used to horse to follow buffalo herds and for hunting.
- The Northwest Coastal Indians were maritime people who derived their livelihood from the sea. They knew the ocean and its resources and caught enough fish during the summer to feed themselves for the whole winter. Some tribes hunted whales. They usually lived along the coast during the summer months and moved to a more protected area for the winter. They used wood to build their homes, canoes and totem poles.
- The Arctic Indians lived in a very cold climate. They hunted whale and sea lions and used whale bones for weapons such as spears and knives. They wore parkas, gloves and boots made from caribou hides.
- Tribes in the Southwest built their homes high on the side of cliffs to protect themselves from the enemy. Farming was their main occupation and they planted their crops on the tops of mesas (big, flat rocks). They made many beautiful pieces of art including pottery made out of clay, baskets and Kachina dolls.
- Each cultural group used the natural resources in its region to meet its needs. How is this demonstrated in the different types of homes built and transportation methods used by culture groups?