Great Potato Famine Essay

Great Potato Famine Essay
The Irish Potato Famine occurred in 1845 and had killed tons of people. Over 750,000 people had died and more than a million had emigrated. At the
time Ireland's population was only about 8 million so this famine had devastated many families. The people of Ireland at this time were so dependent
upon the potato that it was a main staple. The Irish would consume the potato with almost every meal, and for some the potato was the only food that
they were ever able to eat. The famine was produced by a protist called Phytophthora infestans (P. Infestans), when it was introduced from central
highlands of Mexico. The potato blight originated from Mexico, and then spread to America. Since Britain andIreland did many trades with America
there ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
When the winters were harsher in the 1700s the Irish would use them for food in the winter, when all other sources of food were scarce. Thanks to
Ireland's weather conditions the potato was very easily grown and could be produced in mass amounts. By the end of the 1800s the potato was a
main staple for the Irish and they would eat the potato as part of their daily lives. Eventually, the poor people of Ireland would rely on the potato as
their only food source. The land consolidation laws forced the farmers to grow potatoes in a tightly packed space, as you don't need much room to
grow potatoes. A lot of potatoes good fit in one acre of land and could feed a family for a long time. Since, the potatoes were all grown in one
confined space the P. Infestans had a very easy time spreading to each potato, thus resulting in P. Infestans spreading to different fields. "The pattern
of consolidation, making larger farms from smaller farms, increased competition for land and pressure to acquire land." (p. p12.nysed.gov) Land
consolidation was making the most effective use of space for a farm. So instead of growing the potatoes properly spaced apart, they would be all
jammed together in tighter rows. Also, not much land was available so the land that was available was fought over my English landlords. This led to
much political debate in Ireland at the time, so instead of the politicians contributing
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Culture And Culture Of Ireland
INTRO This paper will take a look into the culture of Ireland by taking a look at the five characteristics of culture. The first section will cover the
history of Ireland to illustrate the connection of a country's struggle and their learned culture. I will attempt to communicate some of the key aspects
that connect an individual culture to the region of the world it inhabits in the second section. In the third section, I will discuss the language and art of
the land will be discussed to draw lines to the symbols a culture is founded upon. The fourth section of the essay is dedicated to the characteristic of
culture being made up of many components. This is illustrated by the ethnicity/racial, weather, terrain, and military breakdown of the country. The final
section will be on the dynamic characteristic that interacting cultures learn, develop, and transform due to their shared contact and friction. Culture
refers to the cumulative deposit of knowledge, experience, beliefs, values, attitudes, meanings, hierarchies, religion, notions of time, roles, spatial
relations, concepts of the universe, and material objects and possessions acquired by a group of people in the course of generations through
individual and group striving. Culture is the systems of knowledge shared by a relatively large group of people. Culture in its broadest sense of
cultivated behavior; is a totality of a person's learned, accumulated experience, which is socially transmitted, or more briefly, behavior

Northern Ireland : The Five Basic Characteristics Of Culture
There are approximately 7.4 billion people in this world. We are all different in many ways and defined by our culture. According to the Marriam
Webster Dictionary, culture is 'the customary beliefs, social forms, and material traits of a racial, religious, or social group' (Marriam Webster
Dictionary, 2017). The word culture comes from the Latin word cultura meaning cultivate (Latin Dictionary, 2017), or promote. Our minds are refined
with common traits and beliefs that we perceive to be true and accepted by everyone. Being an American, we have learned to accept all people from
all over the world, however we were never introduced to the details of ones' culture. While each culture is different, there are five basic characteristics
that each share: learned, shared, symbolic, integrated, and dynamic. (The Five Basic Characteristics of Culture Video, 2017). Although there are many
cultures in the world, Ireland is the country that seemed to be the most interesting.
Ireland is an island comprised of mountains, lakes, and grassland that is well visited by many people from other countries. (John O'Beirne Ranelagh,
Robert Walter Dudly Edwards and Others, 2017) This 302 mile stretch of land is home to 1.8 millionNorthern Ireland Residents and 4.8 million
Republic of Ireland residents. (Google, 2017) The climate and precipitation are predominantly beneficial to the grasslands. The terrain and climate are
important to their crops and large livestock population as Ireland is

The Relationship Between Constitutional And Physical Force...
This analysis will look at how historians have attempted to explain the relationship between constitutional and physical force nationalism/republicanism.
In the book Irish Peasants Violence and Political Unrest 1780 – 1914 editors Samuel Clark and James S. Donnelly Jr. suggest, in the opening
paragraph, that poverty related rebellion in Ireland became commonplace during the late 18th and early 19th century that led to the ideas of a separatist
republic. These events gave rise to, at first, a constitutional nationalist party called The Society of United Irishmen that sought parliamentary reform and
to make this change they worked through parliament before later becoming an armed revolutionary group. Focusing on this time period and going on
the writings of Clark and Donnelly it could be argued that the relationship between constitutional and physical force nationalism was, at this time, a
unified one ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Perry Curtis Jr. in his article 'Moral and Physical Force: The Language of Violence in Irish Nationalism' points out that constitutional and physical force
nationalism existed side by side in Irish politics up until the Anglo – Irish Treaty of 1921. It appears that for a substantial period in Ireland
constitutional nationalism and physical force republicanism stood on equal ground until people had an opportunity for their own parliament and then
the physical force tradition succumb to constitutional politics. Curtis also alludes to a point made earlier in this piece in how both nationalist traditions
shared similar goals despite having different approaches to the issue of British rule. Curtis argues that the relationship between constitutional and
physical force nationalism became ''bound in a close and complex'' way that had the effect of increasing both the strength of nationalism and the
difficulties for Britain in dealing with the Irish Question. This relationship in question can be said to be a bit unusual but worked out to be extremely
effective for

The Analysis of Catholicism and the Artist Essay
James Joyce's novel "A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man" illustrates the confused state of a generation split by religious divergence and thus lack of
ability to evolve towards modernism. With the incorporation of Protestant belief and ceremony by the English, traditional Catholic faith within Ireland
was challenged with alteration. This abrupt integration of Protestant worship illuminates the strange inability of a post–English Irish culture to advance
into a modern more "spiritual" world, mostly unrestricted by religious philosophies. Joyce illustrates how Irish culture has been ripped apart by its own
faith, not by that of the English. Through the incorporation of an opposing faith, England created a sense of alertness within the ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
However, it was not long after that Henry would enforce a systematic four step process aimed at bringing him more power over the Roman Catholic
domination in which he had dissociated himself earlier in his life. Such process started with the infiltration of a large British army of 2,300 soldiers
into Ireland, followed by the killing of all men within the Fitzgerald family. Furthermore, in 1536, Henry enforced the Reformation upon Ireland,
hoping to create a Protestant province loyal to the Crown. And in 1541, whilst declaring himself King, Henry specified that all lands were to be
submitted to the Crown only to be returned if owners pledged their loyalty. Following King Henry's reformation, Ireland underwent a series of
misfortunes which daunted its most devote Catholics. In 1608, King James I allowed Protestants to take over catholic lands, in 1690 the battle of
Boyne took place, marked by William of Orange's conquering over Catholicism, 1692 brought with it laws against catholic voting rights, the physical
practice of the religion and ownership by its followers. And within the years of 1845–49, those whom conjured the strength to stay devote would
challenge the existence of God when one million perished by way of the Great Potato Famine. In an almost inevitable manner, after hundreds of years
of suppression, the Easter Rising

A Developed Country As The Most Socially Progressive States
Also, I would prefer to focus on a developed country as the most socially progressive states have the most influence in the global market and are
often compared with the United States. Ireland, an island of 27000 square miles and a population of 4.6 million is ranked 6th in HDI as of 2014,
proves to have a high degree of development, on par with Germany and ahead of the US (at 8th). This is reflected in Ireland's healthy social progress
and economic efficiency. The GDP per capita is ~$45,000 with only ~5% of the country's population below the poverty line compared to 15% for the
US. Ireland is also also a very peaceful country and ranked 11th for income equality with a 34.3 GINI (2013). Throughout the history of Ireland, the
country and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Widespread trade commenced in the period starting in 2500 BC to 400 AD with the population consisting of various different rival groups, called the
Celts, who shared a polytheistic, pagan religion. This religion influenced stories and mythology surrounding the ancient monuments and their use.
Shortly after the year 400, St. Patrick brought Christianity to Ireland, which remained the dominant religion while many Celtic traditions were
retained. During this period, a change in religion and the fall of the nearby Roman Empire, Ireland enjoyed prosperity, but was invaded by the
Vikings. They plundered some of the newfound riches and treasures but also established Dublin and many other important cities, such as Wexford,
Waterford, Cork, and Limerick. This control by the vikings ended around 1200 when the Normans (from modern day France) invaded and conquered
England and Ireland, establishing a lordship which began the next several hundred years of British rule. By 1600 much of this dependency was in the
form of plantations controlled by Britain, and in 1641 a rebellion was staged by the protestant colonists. Similar conflict continued into the 1700s, and
hundreds of thousands of people died during the first major famine of Ireland in 1740. A second uprising took place in 1798, shortly after which
Ireland was formally joined with

What in your view was the short term significance of...
What in your view, was the short term significance of Michael Collins?
Michael Collins played a major part in Ireland's History, in the years 1916–23. He had a short but political life where he had increasingly been involved
in events such as the Easter Rising, Anglo–Irish War, Treaty Negotiations and the Civil War. Although he was only active over a relatively short period
of time, his significance in such events was profound. His public image changed throughout the years, from one of the UKs most wanted men to a
reasonable politician. In 1916 during the Easter Rising his role was relatively low key, but by 1922 he ultimately gave his life in the Civil War for what
he believed in.
Michael Collins took part in the Easter Rising in ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The canteen staff in Frongoch described Collins as 'highly respected' and when they took problems to him he 'always listened logically'4. This helps
us understand Michael Collins' short term significance because he learnt from the military blunders made; such as the seizure of indefensible and
very vulnerable positions like St Stephen's Green5 and filled the vacuum made by the executions of the leaders of the Rising. Likewise, Frongoch
would have been different without Collins as the internees wouldn't have been able to hold out and the Irish wouldn't have developed such a fighting
force. It's a useful source because they were employed to work in the Frongoch canteens so they are indifferent to Collins, which gives this source a
high weight of argument which can be generalised to how others must have seen him who weren't closely involved with him. Then again, as it is
written so long after, it can be doubted On the contrary, the source was wrote over half a century later, so it's questionable how far someone can
precisely remember what the canteen staff thought about Collins.
Michael Collins had many responsibilities after leaving Frongoch. He was appointed Finance Minister and is described as 'the unlikely Finance
Minister who proved himself an administrator par excellence.'6 Collins produced a Finance Ministry that was able to organise a

Digging Seamus Heaney Essay
''One of the first functions of a poem, after all, is to satisfy a need in the poet''
(Seamus Heaney)
In his essay Poetry, Language and Identity: A Note on Seamus Heaney, Kearney writes that Heaney ''has been criticised for refusing to adopt a fixed
unambiguous position, for not nailing his colours to the mast, particularly about the national question (i.e. his attitude to his native North)''. Although
not disputed, Heaney's poetry maintains an objectivity that neither condemns nor accepts the turbulent past of his native Northern Ireland. He is an
observer of the separation of ideals, religion, and national identity that occurred throughout his life.
In this essay, elements discussed will be Heaney's identity as a Catholic republican growing ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Perhaps the only incident to demonstrate Heaney's patriotism was his response to the editors of The Penguin Book of Contemporary British
Poetry in 1983. In Open Letter, Heaney rhymed ''Be advised, my passport's green/ No glass of ours was ever raised/ to toast the Queen''. His
reaction to being included as a British poet, gave him the opportunity to acknowledge proudly his Irish heritage, yet he made light of the situation
by incorporating a rhyme of 'green' and 'Queen'. All Heaney ever wanted was to ''be socially responsible and creatively free'' (Redress of Poetry,
p193). He was able to achieve this in later life, and it manifested itself in the poem, ''Exposure'' from North (1975). The move south to Wicklow was a
personal decision, yet Heaney worried if he could produce material as illustrious as when living in the heart of his homeland. He was no longer a
representative of the North, writing ''I am neither internee nor informer/ An inner Г©migrГ©, grown longhaired/ And thoughtful'' (32–34). It is a
self–reflective poem, almost part of a life cycle of his work. In ''Digging'', he contemplated what type of poet he could be, and in ''Exposure'', he reflects
on his past life and work, and how he can realign his new life

Essay on The Easter Uprising of 1916
The Easter Uprising of 1916
The Easter Uprising of 1916 was an event that happened at the tail end of a long list of events that would forever change Ireland. The Uprising or
Rising, as some call it, took place mostly in Dublin but was felt throughout Ireland. The point was to gain independence from Great Britain who had
ruled Ireland for the past couple hundred years. At the turn of the 19th century England believed that Ireland had too much independence and made the
Act of Union. "The result was the Act of Union of 1801: the Irish parliament voted itself out of existence and England, Ireland, Scotland and Wales
were formally politically unified for the first time" (Hegarty 2). Around the time of the First World War, Ireland began... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
The Irish were promised the Home Rule Act, but it was taken away at the start of the Ester Uprising. "This modest promise was swept away the
Easter Uprising of 1916, when a small band of rebels paralyzed the city and the Irish Republic was proclaimed from the steps of the GPO" (Hegarty).
Padhraic Pearse led about 2000 people into the Easter Revolution, only a small fraction of the people that had lived in Dublin at the time. Most of the
Irish were involved in World War I. "They had little support– many Irish volunteers had joined the war effort and the rebels were perceived to be
traitors to the great cause" (Hegarty). It would take more violence and rebellion against the British to bring attention to their cause both locally and
abroad.
The Easter Rising led to the arrests of approximately 3500 people. Although more than half were released after they were questioned; many received
unfair trials or no trial at all. When the news broke to the Irish public about the treatment of the rebels, they also found out that there were 15 fifteen
secret executions, of the leaders of the Uprising. The tables began to turn away from the War to the aid of the rebels as the truth came out. "The seven
signatories of the proclamation of independence ( Pearse, Connolly, Clarke, MacDonagh, MacDermott, Plunkett, and Ceannt) were all executed to the
outrage of the Irish

The Lack Of Positive Peace
The lack of positive peace in the GFA is a major problem for the overall well–being of Northern Irish society in terms of an integrated vision off
Ireland. In this context, Gatlung's positive peace process must include aspects of religious, cultural, economic, and civilian rights for Catholics in a
primarily protestant culture. This defines some of the superficialities of the GFA as a legislative and institutional agreement, which do not reflect a
more positive long–term peace process that integrates Protestant and Catholic Irish into a more homogenous form of Irish identity. More so, the
protestant identity is a barrier to the democratic process that allowed all Irish person to chose their own nationality through the legislative process. In
this manner, the results of a positive peace process are very narrow within the application of GFA principles of governing within a "constitutional"
framework.
Political progress also tends to assume that the problems of Northern Ireland exist purely on a political level and can be resolved via electoral
arrangements. Yet much of the research suggests social, cultural and economic differences that divide the population may be beyond constitutional
resolution (Duffy & Dingley, 2007, p.50).
In Gatlung's perspective, the positive peace process should include many of the social and economic variables of the GFA, but these are clearly not
being implemented into the civil society of Northern Ireland. This makes the changes toward Protestant

The History of Language is a Story of Possesssion and...
'The history of language is often a story of possession and dispossession, territorial struggle and the establishment or imposition of a culture' (Paulin
1987: 178).
'In the simplest definition language contact is the use of more than one language in the same place at the same time' (Thomason 2001: 1). Language
contact arises when two or more languages interact closely, thus allowing each language to have an effect on one other (Weinreich 1968: 4).
Hiberno–English, as one of the oldest variations of English, expresses various properties which are distinctive to Ireland. It also conveys interesting
attributes in utilizing the contrasts within English in general. A great deal of these attributes demonstrate the interacting impact of colonization from
Scotland and England, giving rise to components from British dialects, in addition to components now deemed to be no longer in use in British English
and the shift of components from the Irish language. In association with the linguistic results of language contact being predictable from patterns of
social interaction between speakers of different languages, Irish and English are not considered to be predictable on any level. The English being
expressed in Ireland nowadays is an outcome from the impact of the interaction between both the Irish and English dialects. In this paper I will discuss
language contact in relation to Hiberno–English............Hiberno–English, also frequently described as Irish English, is the

Guest Of Nation By Frank O Connor
Student's name
Professor
Course
Date
"Guest of Nation" –The imprisoned Guest The short story portrays how two Englishmen who were held by the Irish Republic Army as captives. This
story is divided into four sections; every section addresses a different tone. In the first paragraph of the story 'Guest of Nation' captors become friends
and the lines of duty, humanitarianism and sympathy are blurred. However, even though these lines become blurred in the end hostages remain
hostages and captors remain, captors, as both men are killed. This death leaves behind mixed emotions in two of the men and a sense of duty and pride
within the other. The first paragraph also talks about the good and friendly relationship enjoyed by the English prisoners. The last two lines describe the
nauseating effect the killing of the two men brought to the Irishmen (O Connor1, 10).
In "Guest of Nation" by Frank O Connor, the main characters are Belcher and Hawkins who are prisoners, Bonaparte, the narrator; Nobel is soldier
Jeremiah Donovan. He is the officer in charge and the old woman. In summary, Guest of Nation is set against the background of the Irish War of
Independence in Ireland. Two British soldiers are being held captive byIrish Republican Army soldiers. The scene is set on a rural farm where there
are banter and a sense of camaraderie between the men (O Connor1, 10). This is evident as the story shows various arguments about politics and
religion and the playing of

The Cultural Differences Of Irish Identity And Individual...
Many countries and people from different parts of the world established individual identities throughout the course of the twentieth century which
greatly impacted globalization. Identity relates to self–image and is crucial for the development of culture. "A person's identity is defined as the
totality of one's self–construal, in which how one construes oneself in the present expresses the continuity between how one construes oneself as one
was in the past and how one construes oneself as one aspires to be in the future, " (Weinreich, 1986). The way that people view themselves in the past,
present and future can alter the course of history for generations and dictates international relations for years to come. Globalization, or the way that
people interact with one another whether through ideas, culture, money or socially is dependent upon preserving individualism which has not proven
to be the easiest task to master. The cultural differences related to the Irish living on theBritish Isles, the Basque population in Spain, Serbs under
Ottoman rule, as well as Moroccans under French control can still be felt in many ways today and have impacted people and nations around the globe.
Analysis
The Irish have a longstanding history of struggle when it comes to establishing identity and independence. As we witnessed with Irish immigrants
coming to the United States in the 1800s, difficulties were experienced in the British Isles which created a sense of tension and brought about

Who Is Yu Ming's Identity?
The first section contains a brief summary of the short film that is going to be analyzed in this paper. Yu Ming Is Ainm Dom, also known as My
Name Is Yu Ming, is a 2003 short film, which was directed by Daniel O'Hara. The plot is about a young Chinese man called Yu Ming (portrayed by
Daniel Wu) who wants to start a new life in Ireland. Soon after his decision, he begins to study Irish which, according to the book in the library, is the
official language in the Republic of Ireland. After six months of learning the Irish language, he flies to Dublin and is thrilled to see signboards written
in Irish, which Yu Ming is able to understand. However, his attempts to communicate with local people constantly fail as nobody understands Irish.
Disappointed,... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Thus, O'Hara's challenges with Yu Ming Is Ainm Dom the idea whetherIrish people can be called 'Irish', although they do not speak the Irish language
because, generally, speaking the national language is part of one's identity. Yu Ming, who desires to belong to the Irish society, can be described as
more Irish because he is a qualified immigrant. He took the first step to immigration, which usually is to learn the language. As a result, his knowledge
of the language is much higher than the majority of Irish citizens. However, his effort neither works nor contributes to integration since almost nobody
in Dublin speaks, not to mention understands, the Irish language. Barton (173) says that "Yu Ming's knowledge of the Irish language allows him to
integrate into the Celtic more fully then into so called multicultural Dublin." This is why he moves to Connemara and forms a new identity. Therefore,
the supposition of language and identity as closely connected does not work in the Republic of Ireland. With his film, O'Hara criticizes the narrow
concept of national identity as well as the fact that in Ireland, the national identity is not closely linked to the Irish

Essay about Honored Irish Immigrants
For many people, the American dreams and promises brought ideas and new hopes of a better life. For the Irish, the American dreams and promises
weren't just ideas and hopes, they were the way to a new beginning in America, a way to start over and forget the horrifying past they encountered.
The Irish struggled day after day to pay for fair travel to America. To many people, the challenge the Irish overcame seemed to deserve praise. Today,
the Irish are honored and commemorated for their hard work and desire for a better life.
The start of the Irish' peoples struggles began when the British came and destroyed their way of life. The Penal laws of 1691 stripped Irish Catholics
of their freedoms by taking away their rights to become officers ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
People worried about the potato crop. At first, the potatos seemed fine, but after further examination the potatos were rotten. In October of 1845,
Britain's Prime Minister, Sir Robert Peel, established a scientific commission to discover over half of Irelands potatos had been ruined by "wet rot."
The potato crop failed time and time again. Irish people began to lose hope in receiving better living conditions, but the shipping lanes opened to
America after they had been closed by the war (Philip). Irish began to think of the American dream and promise.
The American dream and promise changes a nations state of mind. It originally comes from the Declaration of Independence. The promise is "all men
are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights." The dream: "Life, Liberty, and the pursuit of happiness." All
of which were things the Irish desired (Pendry).
According to Philips, between 1815 and 1816, around 20,000 Irish traveled to the Americas. These emigrants were mostly professionals and
shopkeepers, because farmers couldn't afford travel. Over the next two decades shipping fees continued to have outrageous prices, but between 1823
and 1825 more people, such as the merchants and farmers, were able to travel because free passage and land grants were allowed to Catholics. The
largest emigration was in 1827 when nearly 400,000 Irish traveled to the Americas on Coffin Ships; overcrowded ships filled

Benedict AndersonвЂ™S Book Is One Of The Most Cited And In
Benedict Anderson's book is one of the most cited and in its field. "Indeed, no single phrase occurs as widely and frequently in the literature on
nationalism as 'imagined communities'. It is not always attributed to its original creator – testimony to its wide acceptance and adoption," (Desai: 183).
Imagined communities: Reflections on the Origin and Spread of Nationalism was first published in 1983 and revised and reissued in 1991, 2006 and
2016. The book became very influential and debated after its first publication, the author later clarified some parts of the book as reaction to critiques
and added several chapter as a reaction to the claimed end of the era of nationalism in connection to globalization.
Most people nowadays think of ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Religion differences between the inhabitants, most of the original population were Catholics, lead over the centuries to the division of two ethnic
/nations on the Ulster territory – protestant and catholic. After the partition of the island in 1921 the southern part declared independence, however the
Northern Ireland territory remained a part of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. The conflict between ethnic/nations sharpened
itself, because most of the Catholics wanted to united the island under Irish rule (the republicans), while protestants wanted to remained unified the
Great Britain (the unionists and the loyalists). At the end of the 1960's the conflict turned itself into a violent one and the attacks and killing continued
for the next thirty years during the period called вЂћthe Troubles." The conflict was settled by the end of the 1990's with a contribution of the
governments of the Republic of Ireland, the Great Britain and the US.
Why do I call groups in the Norther Ireland "ethics/nations"? Most authors, especially European ones, use the term ethnics to label different groups in
Northern Ireland based on their similarities – social, linguistic, religion and national experiences. However, I believe that groups in Northern Ireland
can be adequately called nations based on Anderson 's definition. One of the groups striving for the reunification of

Irish Restaurant Concept
Food & Beverage Management Concept Name: Irish Restaurant Table of Contents: Introduction3 * Concept Development3 * Restaurant
Concept3 * Vision, Mission, and Goal4 * Target market4 * Location and Demand Analysis5 * Degree of Competition6 The Restaurant8 * Food and
Beverage Selections8 * Theme and Decorations9 * Point of Differentiation9 * SWOT Analysis10 Team Members12 Restaurant Menu13
HACCP–Based Standard Operating Procedures33 * Personal Hygiene33 * Receiving and Storing34 * Preparing and Cooking36 * Serving... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
This makes it a center of businesses, meetings, and conventions. Moreover, the city is very compact and the transportation makes it very easy to travel
around. Because of its diverse environment, Geneva is the most ideal place to open an international food restaurant such as Irish restaurant. Moreover,
it is easier to operate an Irish restaurant in Geneva than other cities in Switzerland. Employees in the city are also used to working with people from
distinct backgrounds. Another benefit is that people in Geneva tend to equally accept other national customs as the local's. It will be less difficult to
promote international food in such city than those which are hardly exposed to multi–cultures. In fact, more than 1,200 cuisines are from all over the
world (Republic and State of Geneva: Department of Economy and Health, 2009). Not only does Geneva have high potential demand due to its high
traffic, but also it consists of many groups of people whom the Restaurant can penetrate. The demand of the Restaurant can be categorized into two
groups, the locals and the tourists. To clarify each group, the locals are people who reside in Switzerland and the tourists are those who travel from
other countries. Among the locals are many Irish people. Number of Irish associations, for instance the Geneva Irish Association and the Irish Folk,
indicates that there are specific or direct groups of demand for the Restaurant. According to the Embassy of Ireland,

The Catholic Church in Developing the Identity of The...
The Republic of Ireland cannot be adequately examined without including the large role played by the Catholic Church in political development and
policy making. The Catholic Church has validated itself as an influential institution since the Norman invasion of Ireland in 1169. The original intent of
the invasion served to spread the papacy, and with Ireland, the Church would come to achieve arguably the most Catholic country to exist in the world.
The Republic of Ireland evolved through many centuries in order to achieve a true Irish State. The Anglo–Irish War proved significant in achieving the
latter goal by ridding the southern sector of Ireland from the centuries of grueling oppressive rule and discrimination under Great Britain ... Show more
372). The Irish Republic Army, the IRA, was formed from 73 of the 105 Irish representatives that held seats in the Westminster Parliament (Gray, 2008).
This organization in turn created an illegal Irish Parliament, the Dail Elreann, whom declared war on Britain that initiated the Anglo–Irish War. The
Irish Republic Army maintained two clear goals they were looking to achieve from the onset of the war. The provisional government desired a
complete separation from British rule in addition to creating an Irish Republic free of any other influence (Gray, 2008, p. 376). The war illustrates the
birth of "modern guerilla war[fare]" which in the end arguably produced survivors in place of winners (Gray, 2008, p. 371). Although the war ends
diplomatically in favor of the Irish provisional government, the newly established Ireland lacked unity primarily due to arguments over the treaty they
reluctantly signed. The continuous strive for religious freedom and ultimate desire for a united Irish state, while an ideological goal, proved
contradicting. Since the Northern counties of the Irish territory were primarily protestant and heavily influenced by the Church of England it proposed
a problem of true unity, since the Southern counties of Ireland were overwhelmingly traditional Catholics. Evidence exists for both religious freedom
and Irish

The Culture Of Ireland : Five Basic Characteristics Of...
Culture of Ireland
There are approximately 7.4 billion people in this world. We are all different in many ways and defined by our culture. According to the Marriam
Webster Dictionary, culture is 'the customary beliefs, social forms, and material traits of a racial, religious, or social group' (Marriam Webster
Dictionary, 2017). The word culture comes from the Latin word cultura meaning cultivate (Latin Dictionary, 2017), or promote. Our minds are refined
with common traits and beliefs that we perceive to be true and accepted by everyone. Being an American, we have learned to accept all people from
all over the world, however we were never introduced to the details of ones' culture. While each culture is different, there are five basic characteristics
that each share: learned, shared, symbolic, integrated, and dynamic. (The Five Basic Characteristics of Culture Video, 2017). Although there are many
cultures in the world, Ireland is the country that seemed to be the most interesting.
Ireland is an island comprised of mountains, lakes, and grassland that is well visited by many people from other countries. (John O'Beirne Ranelagh,
Robert Walter Dudly Edwards and Others, 2017) This 302 mile stretch of land is home to 1.8 millionNorthern Ireland Residents and 4.8 million
Republic of Ireland residents. (Google, 2017) The climate and precipitation are predominantly beneficial to the grasslands. The terrain and climate are
important to their crops and large livestock

Is Fergal Tobin's The Best of Decades an Accurate...
"The Best of Decades": Is this an accurate description of the 1960s in Ireland?
"The Best of Decades" is a somewhat accurate description of the 1960's in Ireland. Significant social change took place in the areas of politics, the
media, education and culture in Ireland during this period. A new generation emerged who had limited tolerance for the conditions suffered by those
heretofore. Ireland had been engulfed in an economic depression during the previous decade. Emigration and poverty were widespread setting a
tone of misery and exasperation. (1) But this new decade brought with it the idea of freedom: freedom to challenge previous ideals and to break
through the boundaries that had previously been set. 1960's Ireland was characterised by this atmosphere of optimism and prosperity. (2) However
what was perceived by many to be the "golden era" was undermined by several bleak issues. Irish society was still very much subservient to the
Catholic Church during this period, while the late 1960's also marked the beginnings of "The Troubles" as we know them today, a period of major
civil unrest in Northern Ireland which lasted for many years following and claimed the lives of many innocent people. (3)
A notable feature of Irish society in the 1960's was economic expansion. There was a prevalent perception that Ireland had become isolated from
European economic growth and that this had to be reversed. The advancement of industrial and economic growth in

Essay on Fenian Movement
Fenian Movement
The word "Fenian" comes from Irish folklore. It is described as an ancient group of knights who were independent and had a form of nationalism for
their homeland of Ireland. According to the legend, Irish rebels who were known as knights gave up a chance for world dominion by leaving their
country to keep Ireland alive, through their pride for the country. In 1848, a movement struck in Ireland, to achieve independence from England by
using force. The movement was led by a group of revolutionaries called "Young Ireland." This movement was led by William Smith O'Brian. Also a
part of this group was seven other rebellious Irish leaders. The group influenced Britain's and the United States' foreign and domestic ... Show more
Death and famine were causing the people to suffer in Ireland.
Landlords were trying to find the problem to the deaths. Landlords knew exactly what to do. They evicted hundreds and thousands of peasants,
because the work was not getting done (Considine 76). Unemployment was the view of the workers due to soldiers coming home from the
Napoleonic Wars and more people were dying from disease. As the farmlands of Ireland were being cleaned out, over the period of time, emigration
increased at an excessive rate. Many Irish residents left for America and other English–speaking countries. During the famine, nearly one million people
sought a new and richer life in the United States. Ship owners crowded hundreds of Irish onto boats, later labeled "coffin ships" (Ruddy 43). These
ships reached port only after losing a third of their passengers to disease, hunger and other causes. While Britain provided much relief for Ireland's
starving population, many Irish criticized Britain's delayed response and further blamed centuries of British political oppression to underline the
causes of the famine. As depression continued in Ireland, two million more people left to seek this new life. But even leaving wasn't the cure. The
Irish were already stressed out due to the economy caused by its Poor Law System.
Due to the Poor Law system, the Irish people weren't

How The Diaspora Helped Violence Essay
How the Diaspora helped Violence Having established the motives for the Diaspora aiding the nationalist, now it needs to be analyzed what the
diaspora actually did to aid the nationalist movement. The aid can be broken down into three categories, financial, political and physical aid. The
first and the biggest being financial aid and this type of aid was collected by members of the Irish Diaspora in the US then given to various
different nationalist groups. Seldom was the money given to violent groups like the IRA but instead was given to other groups and in turn led to the
purchasing of arms or goods and stuff like that which the IRA could use. One of the major organizations that did this was Noraid or Irish Northern
Aid. The true purpose of Noraid dealt with arms smuggling and fund raising and thus were closely aligned and allied with the IRA(Brian Hanley
2004:1). The support for Noraid in terms of funding can be tracked in the same exact way that the general diasporatic support can be tracked. The
hunger strikes of 1980–81, in which IRA prisoners staged a hunger strike to protest conditions in their prison in which a few of them died, was
monumental in the history of Noraid because it led to not only an increase of donation which in turn were given to IRA and groups like it but it also
changed the image of Noraid in the US. It led to an increase in membership and made the organization less radical which meant that it year by year
would have generally more memberships and

Ireland Starves and Lives to Tell: The Effects of the...
Ireland Starves and Lives to Tell: The Effects of the Great Potato Famine
"It must be understood that we cannot feed the people" (Kinealy Calamity 75). The mid 1800s in Ireland were characterized by extreme poverty,
death, and emigration. The Great Potato Famine, also known as "The Great Hunger," first hit in 1845; however, its effects lasted into the 1850s and
can still be seen today. Prior to the famine, Irish manufacture and trade was controlled and suppressed by British government, which made Ireland an
extremely poor country. Farmers in Ireland were forced to export crops such as corn, wheat, and oats to Britain, which left the potato as the main
dietary staple for the people, especially the poor. Therefore, when... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
However, in 1847, a new rule called the "Quarter Acre Clause" was passed under the poor law which stated that "only people who occupied less than a
quarter acre of land were now eligible for relief" (Kinealy "Politics" 3). In order to receive assistance and feed their families, people surrendered their
land and were rendered homeless.
The total number of those who lost their homes due to poverty in Ireland during the famine did not even compare to the amount of lives lost in those
dreadful years. Deaths due to malnutrition and disease were immense. The exact total of deaths is still unknown to this day (Kinealy 167). "The
number [ . . . ] has been calculated as lying between half a million and one and a half million" (Kinealy 168).
People died from a variety of causes, relatively few from actual starvation. Most were felled by relapsing fever, typhus, dysentery, and cholera–their
vulnerability to these diseases exacerbated by hunger, inadequate shelter, overcrowding in workhouses, and hard labor on relief schemes (Kinealy
"Politics" 2).
Over the years of the famine there was a large decrease in fertility and marriage along with extensive emigration, which caused a decline in the Irish
population for many years to come. "A reduction in income leads young adults to postpone or forgo marriage entirely,

Proclamation of the Irish Republic
RAГљL MUГ‘OZ RODRГЌGUEZ
CORREO – E: irokuoiraul@yahoo.es
rmunoz62@alumno.uned.es
COMMENTARY TEXT
Proclamation of the Irish Republic, 24 April 1916
"Proclamation of the Irish Republic" was one of the more important aspects in the Easter Rising. ItВґs a historic – circumstantial text. In order to
maintain secrecy the Proclamation of the Irish Republic was printed out on a hand press a few hours before the Rising. It was produced in two
sections and due to the shortage of lettering, the letter "e" had to be improvised, standing out for the rest of the text.
Easter Rising has a special meaning for the Irish people. The Rising was an insurrection located in Ireland during Easter Week, 1916. It was held by
Irish republicans with ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
For the insurgents, it was understood that just real independence would give Ireland the "happiness and prosperity of the whole nation and of all its
parts". This gives the attempt to independence a triple sight as political, social and economic change, showing some of the ProclamationВґs writers
socialist principles.
The events after the rising would change Ireland forever. Two weeks after the insurrection was over, all seven writers of the "Proclamation of the Irish
Republic," Clarke, MacDiarmada, MacDonagh, Pearse, Ceannt, Connolly, and Plunkett, were executed. Irish and international reaction to this manner
of punishment was horror and disgust. Executions excited a big wave of revulsion against the British authorities and turned the dead republican leaders
into martyred heroes. The Easter Rising signed the end of British power in Ireland.
The Easter Rising became a turning point in the Irish history. It was the flame for the following Declaration of Independence of January 21, 1919 and it
fractured the Irish politics in Constitutionalism and Militantism. Sinn FГ©in, Irish words for "Ourselves alone", became the most influential political
party in Ireland. The party was founded in 1905 by Arthur Griffith, a Dublin journalist. Although Griffith himself did not take part in the Rising, many

Sinn FГ©in members did. They were also members of the Volunteers and the Irish Republican Brotherhood. After the Rising,

The Great Famine Of Irish Nationalism
French political leader Charles de Gaulle said that "nationalism is when hate for people other than your own comes first," by this definition turning
points in Irish Nationalism can be seen not as what changed as in regards love for Ireland, but what changed hatred for the English withinin Ireland.
There are numerous significant turning points in Irish Nationalism; it could be argued that The Great Famine is the largest turning point in Irish
Nationalism as it encouraged independence through means of violence as well as cementing a deep–rooted hatred of the English in Ireland. Equally, the
failure of the First Home Rule Bill can be maintained as the largest turning point as it led to the decline of the liberals, Charles Stuart Parnell and
constitutional nationalism. Alternatively, The First World War can be judged as the prime turning point, mainly due to its short term affects. It split
the nationalists, which led to the Easter rising, and increased agitation over Home Rule.
It could be argued that The Great Famine was the utmost turning point in Irish Nationalism due to the lack of action of the British Government, which
left deep–rooted hatred for the English within Ireland. Government expenditure for the famine equaled a total of ВЈ8 million, 3% of the total
government budget. The British Government stuck closer to a laissez–faire economic policy, which is echoed through Charles Trevelyan who claimed
that through relief "people grow worse instead of better." The Irish

Northern Ireland
Diplomacy does not happen overnight, and the true tale of hardship and bickering over Northern Ireland is proof of that. Ireland and England failed to
agree on who held the power of Northern Ireland for over 30 years until the Good Friday Agreement, a form of diplomacy between the countries, took
place. Before that time, many soldiers and innocent citizens of Northern Ireland lost their lives. Religious fights broke out between Catholic and
Protestant residents. Political figures from countries like Wales and the United States came together to help put an end to the bitter relations of the
European countries (Delaney). After many years of hard feelings and failed attempts at bringing peace to Ireland and England, the countries came ...
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After one year, the death toll was 300, and after 10 years the number of people who had been killed from the fighting was a gruesome 1, 932
(Holland 196). Many of the victims were innocent people who were not partaking in the fights in any way. The killers of these innocent people were
never caught or punished (Graham). After several years of fighting Jack Holland expressed what he was witnessing as "there has already been much
crying about Northern Ireland" (Holland 1). Even the governments were aiming their weapons at each other. The Irish Republic Army killed a British
soldier, creating a substantial amount of tension between the two countries (De Breadun). When the end neared, Ulster Defense Association ceased
to be an armed paramilitary group. They had been responsible for many deaths over the years (Delaney). Several political figures from all parts of
the world were brought together over the ordeal concerning Northern Ireland. During the early 1990s, British Prime Minister John Major worked with
Ireland's Ahern to achieve peace between them. All attempts at peace failed overall. United States President Bill Clinton worked with Ireland, Britain,
and Northern Ireland to acquire the peace they were hoping for (Graham). It was not until Tony Blair became Prime Minister that things began to fall
into place. Britain's George Mitchell held the skill and patience necessary to help Northern Ireland peace talks lead to the Good Friday Agreement.

The Emigration Of The United States
While the United States were determined to expand across the North American continent by exercising Manifest Destiny, there were a huge number of
immigrants arriving into the nation. The sudden increase of immigrants entering the country led to disputes over who was American and who was a
foreigner. Native–born Americans, specifically the nativist group strongly opposed the massive influx of immigrants coming from all different
countries because the nativists were anti–foreign and anti–Catholic. These people were trying to form a distinction and limitation on who was an
American citizen with rights. In the 1850s, the Know–Nothing Party emerged as a reaction to the migration of European immigrants. The
Know–Nothing Party was a secret organization amongst members but slowly became known to the public as another political party. This political
party resolved to limit foreigners and Catholics from participating in politics or holding any form of power in society. Thus, the Irish immigrants were
mainly targeted because of their religion. Discrimination of the Irish based on religion demonstrates that British prejudices about the Irish and
Catholics carried over into the New Republic.
In the United States, like most immigrants, the Irish were doing all the low pay, manual, and unprofessional jobs. The nativists were worried that the
Irish immigrants were tarnishing the image of urbanized country America was establishing at the time. The social status of the Irish was

What Is Punk Music Of The 1970's?
That said, it is also clear that the protestant Northern Irish youth identified more closely with Morrissey and British politics than they did with their
Irish republican neighbors to the south. Punk and pop music were the sound of the Troubles for many people in Northern Ireland, not the traditional
types of music that the Republic of Ireland clung so tightly to. This interplay with regard to economic advantage is certainly visible in Northern Ireland
during The Troubles. The minority Catholic community had restricted access to both materials and audiences for their messages as a direct result of
poverty, which was in itself a result of discrimination. Gregory Goalwin discusses this briefly by saying that "job discrimination practiced by ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Which is not to say that an effort was not made. For example, the lyrics to their song "Anarchy in the UK" run rampant with lines like "Is this the
MPLA? Or is this the UDA? Or is this the IRA? I thought it was the UK, Or just another country." The MPLA refers to the The People's Movement
for the Liberation of Angola, the UDA refers to The Ulster Defense Association (a paramilitary vigilante group formed in Northern Ireland), and the
IRA refers to the Irish Republican Army. By using the abbreviation "UK" for the United Kingdom, Sex Pistols lump the entire nation in with extremist

The Rise of Irish Nationalism in the Nineteenth Century Essay
Discuss the significance of the political developments within revolutionary and constitutional Irish nationalism from the period 1798 to 1867
Word count 1592
The nineteenth century was a revolutionary and constitutional period in Irelands history, that somewhat shaped the Ireland that we live in today. This
essay will explore the political developments, within revolutionary and constitutional Irish nationalism in the period 1798 to 1867.
The late eighteenth century marked the beginning of what was to map Ireland's future through the nineteenth century and to the present day. Ireland at
this time was a deeply divided society. Catholic's and Presbyterians made up eighty five percent of the population, yet they had no power what so ...
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Ulster Protestants now came to regard the union as the essential basis for their prosperity. (Beckett 1981).
The first threat of nationalism after the union came in the form of an uprising by Robert Emmet. Emmet had a poorly armed army and almost certainly
knew that chances of success were faint. But his rebellion was not about success. It was to remind everyone that 1798 was not forgotten and he wanted
to spur on the rebels in their quest against the British. Emmet was evidently captured and sentenced to death. He did however have one small victory in
his final speech. He requested that 'no man write his epitaph until his county be free'. This speech had long lasting historical value, motivating
republicans and nationalist movements from then to the present day.
Daniel O'Connell became a great political influence in Ireland during the 1820's. He had a significant effect on the political landscape in fighting for
the rights of Catholics. He brought the grievances of Catholic's to the forefront of constitutional Irish nationalism. The creation of Catholic rent and
linking politics with religion made great strides in his campaign for Catholic Emancipation. O'Connell had always said that emancipation was only the
first stage in his programme and that repeal of the union was his ultimate goal. He didn't believe in the rebellions that went before him. He always felt
it was best to assert themselves politically rather than use

The Irish Easter Rebellion 1916 Essay
The 1916 Irish Easter Uprising
Ever since the occupation of Ireland by the English began in 1169, Irish patriots have fought back against British rule, and the many Irish rebellions
and civil wars had always been defeated. To quash further rebellion, the Act of Union was imposed in 1800, tyingIreland to the United Kingdom of
England, Ireland, Scotland and Wales. Laws discriminating against Catholics and the handling of the Irish Potato Famine of 1845–50 led to increased
tension and the proposal of introducing Home Rule gained support.
In 1913 there was a general strike of workers in Dublin led by James Connolly of the Irish Transport and General Workers Union (I.T.G.W.U.). This
action was followed by the 1913 Lock–Out during which ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
...they have left us our Fenian dead, and while Ireland holds these graves, Ireland unfree shall never be at peace.
It was a call for a blood sacrifice in order to free Ireland from British rule. In organising an uprising, the funeral was proof that the Volunteers could
organise when secretly directed by the I.R.B. and on St. Patrick's Day (17th March), Connolly took his Citizen Army on a tour of key Dublin sites
which could be used as strategic strongholds during an uprising.
However, there were many difficulties in organising and executing such a rebellion and one thing the rebels needed were weapons. Sir Roger
Casement had organised for a shipment of as many as 200,000 rifles to be smuggled into Ireland on a "neutral" German freighter, the Aud. But when
Casement arrived in Ireland on a German submarine he was arrested immediately and the freighter was intercepted by the Royal Navy and scuttled
itself. Another attempt was made to gain large quantities of arms and ammunition during the actual uprising from the arsenal at Phoenix Park known
as Magazine Fort. However this was not very successful and the rebels seized only a few rifles.
Throughout the organisation of the rebellion, Eoin MacNeill, leader of the minority Volunteers had to be kept in the dark about the I.R.B.'s plans
because he believed that his Irish Volunteersshould only rise in arms if a British

Symbolism In The Tollund Man By Seamus Heaney
Is there a specific image which can be attributed to the Troubles in Northern Ireland during the late 1960s and 1970s? The poet Seamus Heaney
answers that there is one particular image and it is the image of a 'bog'. In this essay, it shall examine as to why Seamus Heaney has used the imagery
of the bog as a symbol so that it can illustrate the political and also the religious troubles of Northern Ireland during the late 1960s and 1970s. In
addition, it shall employ the use of four of Seamus Heaney's poems: "Bogland'; "The Tollund Man"; "Requiem of the Croppies" and The Grauballe
Man" to demonstrate as to how the use of the bog is truly an excellent symbol for the depiction of Northern Ireland's 'Troubles'.
In relation to the Religious conflict which happened in Northern ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Heaney is enlightened to find that there is a certain place in which he is able connect with make physical connections between what transpired in the
past and what events are currently occurring in the future in Northern Ireland during the latter part of the 1960s and 1970s(Foster,1989, pp28).
In accordance with the Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English (2009), it is described as preventing or stopping something from making
progress. This statement can be used to as to why Heaney has used this particular word in stanza 2, line 4 of "Bogland". Because of the fact the
'sights of the sun" allows the ground to become hardened, in this manner it enables the Earth to prevent and stop the history of Northern Ireland to be
lost. Furthermore, Meredith (1999) testifies that Heaney strongly believes that a great source of discovery of "Ireland's unconscious past" is through
the various types of natural lands such fens and most importantly bogs (King, 1986: Foster, 1989 as cited in Meredith, 1999,

The Paralysis Of Eveline
Eveline faces a difficult dilemma: remain home like a dutiful daughter, or leave Dublin with her lover, Frank, who is a sailor. Eveline Hill sits at a
window in her home and reminisce the times when she as a child played with other children in a field which now has been developed with new
homes As Eveline was trying to make a major decision whether or not to move to Buenos Ayres (escape) with Frank. She holds two letters, one to her
father, one to her brother Harry. She begins to favor the sunnier memories of her old family life, when her mother was alive and her brother was living
at home. She thought back of the moment she promised her mom that she will put all her dedication in maintaining this home. And she reasons that her
life at home and doing all of those chores are hard, but perhaps not in the worst position – her father isn't always mean, after all. This memory is also
important for another reason as it suggests that a bond (or connection) still remains between Eveline, her siblings and her father. Despite how her
father treats her, Eveline still feels connected to him. This pushes her to escape from the fate and embark on a new phase of life. Eveline's action, of
dusting every week for so many years is significant as it suggests repetition, doing the same thing, which in turn would suggest a paralysis within
Eveline. It is also significant that the dust remains. This suggests that no matter how much Eveline does while at home nothing will change. Appears

James Joyce Essay
In selecting James Joyce's Ulysses as the best novel of the twentieth century, Time magazine affirmed Joyce's lasting legacy in the realm of English
literature. James Joyce (1882–1941), the twentieth century Irish novelist, short story writer and poet is a major literary figure of the twentieth–century.
Regarded as "the most international of writers in EnglishВЎK[with] a global reputation (Attridge, pix), Joyce's stature in literature stems from his
experimentation with English prose. Influenced by European writers and an encyclopedic knowledge of European literatures, Joyce's distinctive
writing style includes epiphanies, the stream–of–consciousness technique and conciseness.
Born in Rathgar, near Dubtin, in 1882, he lived his ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Hauptmann's comprehensive version of the portrait of an artist helped Joyce develop his own interpretation. A further clarification was provided by the
German philosopher Friedrich Nietzche (1844–1900). Joyce adapted Nietzsche's concept of the Superman in developing his portrait of an artist.
Although Joyce rejected the Catholic Church all his life, Reynords, in Joyce and Dante: The Shaping Imagination clams that the Italian poet and the
greatest of Catholic poets Dante Alighier (1265–1321) "whose influence pervades all Joyce's writing is never cowed by authority"
(Attridge p. 56–57). Perhaps that is why Joyce was attracted to Dante's writing.
&#9;Of all his literary countryman, the only Irish literary who's left a profound impression on Joyce was that Irish nationalist poet, James
Clarence Mangan (1803–1849). In the short story "Araby," Joyce pays tribute to the poet by naming the narrator's classmate, Mangan.
Joyce identified with Mangen because of his linguistic skill and knowledge of the literature of Italy, Spain, France and Germany. Furthermore, Mangan
was disdained by his Irish contemporaries––a gesture Joyce considered an act of treachery.
&#9;Joyce's use of the stream–of consciousness technique first appeared record these epiphanies with extreme care, "seeing that they
themselves are the moments." (Kalasty, p.199) Although all the stories

The War Rule Of The 1870 's And 1920 ' S
It all took place between the 1870 's and 1920 's. Home rule was a huge part of the political life in Ireland, which meant that the Irish Parliament
would be restored for most issues, but the British government would still cover many important areas (Conflict 3). The term Government Association
started to be used very frequently; Isaac Butt was the gentleman who founded this association. In 1873 this became known as the Home Rule League
and in 1874 a general election was held where fifty home rulers were elected to the Home Rule party also known as the Irish Parliamentary Party
(Irish 29). Butts ' goal was to get both Protestants and Catholics to support Home Rule as a movement targeted towards giving Ireland a federal
government within the United Kingdom. Butt was not an aggressive leader and the people of Ireland did not feel he was fulfilling his job completely.
A man by the name of Charles Stewart Parnell challenged Butt and became the leader in 1880 (Charles17). The British people began to think that the
Home Rule would lead to the separation of Ireland and Britain. Parnell realized that the people did not like the British Rule and this is what caused
them to support Irish nationalism. In 1880 Parnell won the support of the Fenians and the Irish Republican brotherhood that wanted total separation
but were willing to compromise and accept Home Rule. In 1881 the second Land Act gave the "Three F 's" which the Land League had demanded.
Fair rents would be fixed by judges

The War Of The Great War
Throughout the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, sentiments of nationalism in Ireland were growing rapidly. For nearly thirty years debates
about Home Rule in Ireland were prevalent in Parliamentary discourse and over the course of these year, three different bills were proposed.
However, in 1912, the third Home Rule bill was passed in Westminster, only to be suspended upon British entrance into the First World War. Irish
members of Parliament that had been pushing for Home Rule for many years finally saw their plans come to fruition, only to be stalled by the outbreak
of the Great War. This war was costly, and required significant support from the United Kingdom and it's respective colonies. The actions of the British
government helped to fuel radical nationalist attitudes across Ireland, which led to the eventual Easter Revolution in Dublin in 1916. The suspension of
Home Rule and the increased sentiments of radical nationalism in Ireland that led to this revolution were just the tipping point in the nearly century
long struggle for sovereignty that was granted to the Republic of Ireland in 1922. This essay seeks to explore the significance of British entrance into
World War One in provoking the Easter Insurrection of 1916, as well as outside factors that may have impacted this violent clash of Irish nationalists
and the army of England. Within the paper, an argument is presented which states that while the British, in entering the Great War did contribute to

Protestant Propaganda
Protestant Propaganda
What do you think of when you hear the name Ireland? Ireland is a relatively small island off the coast of Great Britain with a land area of 32,424
square miles (Delaney 2). There are several things that you may associate with this country such as St. Patrick's Day, shamrocks, beer, and strife. The
source of the bitterness behind this conflict began centuries ago, when Britain came over and forced Protestantism on the Irish Catholic inhabitants. For
this reason there has always been an animosity between the Protestants and the Irish Catholics. The island is broken up into two distinct regions. The
Republic of Ireland consists of twenty–six counties, which make up the southern ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This event gave the Catholics yet another reason to dislike the Unionists.
The Unionists also used crooked politics to ensure Protestant control. One way of doing this was by gerrymandering the political district lines. For
example, one ward was ninety percent Catholic while the rest of the Catholics were scattered about in Protestant wards (Golway 280). By dividing
the districts this way it made the Catholic votes virtually meaningless. Then, the Protestant controlled government passed the Civil Authorities Act.
This Act granted the government the right to search homes without a warrant, impose curfews, and randomly arrest citizens even if no real crime
had been committed. The Catholics were the ones who were primarily oppressed by these laws. Other laws limited the education of Catholics,
restricted them from holding office, and they were also discriminated against on the job. Protestants filled many of the positions leaving the
Catholics jobless (Golway 280). This policy of discrimination helped inflate the already high poverty rate in Ire that they could feed their family,
they also had to worry about curfews and being arrested for no apparent reason. This is not right. The government should not be allowed to pass laws
that would help single out a certain minority. This is an example of how propaganda can be used in politics.
I do not agree with some of the methods used to spread

Irish Immigration To Canada Essay
Irish Immigration to Canada
The Irish began immigrating to North America in the 1820s, when the lack of jobs and poverty forced them to seek better opportunities elsewhere
after the end of the major European wars. When the Europeans could finally stop depending on the Irish for food during war, the investment in Irish
agricultural products reduced and the boom was over. After aneconomic boom, there comes a bust and unemployment was the result. Two–thirds of the
people of Ireland depended on potato harvests as a main source of income and, more importantly, food. Then between the years of 1845 and 1847, a
terrible disease struck the potato crops. The plague left acre after acre of Irish farmland covered with black rot. The failure of the ... Show more content
The Famine also prompted new trends of immigration, hence shaping the histories of both North America and Britain. It also called for an urgent
political change in the Irish system (the Irish Republic resulted).
When the first ships arrived on the ports of Canada, quarantine shelters that were prepared for emigrants became so overcrowded that military tents
outside shelters were used temporarily. The tents were often floored with wooden boards and patients were supplied with cots. These tents provided
adequately during fine weather, but provided insufficient protection when it was cold and damp. Gradually, as more emigrants arrived, even the tents
became overcrowded and emigrants were forced to sleep without shelter on bare ground with no cover except for the clothes they wore. The
desperate need for accommodation prevented their immediate removal from quarantine vessels. Their confinement on board caused emigrants to
contract more disease that was spread further as a result of lack of ventilation and lack of medical aid on ships as doctors and nurses were desperately
needed at hospitals. The overcrowded sheds were unsuitable for hospital services, and, despite the number of complaints about the conditions of
quarantines, nothing could be done. More hospitals were built, but remained unfinished, as carpenters refused to complete construction for fear of
disease. Yet more emigrants who already suffered from disease were suffering from

As With Any Other Comparative Analysis, This Essay Will
As with any other comparative analysis, this essay will discuss the similarities between two elements. The elements in this situation are the Republic of
Ireland and the United States of America. The three specific ways that these two countries can be compared are via: economic and political outlook,
social and cultural issues, and resources and work culture. Additionally, each country is known throughout the world. Primarily because of their
business structure. The first factor that will be addressed is economic and political outlook. To begin one will address the political outlook of these two
countries, and with that comes the form of government. Both are republics. With the United States being a "constitutional federal ... Show more content
1). Their duty is to speak to the government on behalf of a community and/or state. In the judicial branch, both countries have a Supreme Court
("The World Factbook: IRELAND", 2017, Pg. 1). Whose role is to hear legal cases of significant magnitude to the country and/or its citizens. One
key difference is that in Ireland the judges in the Supreme Court cannot "serve past age 70", whereas in the United States the judges are appointed
for life ("The World Factbook: IRELAND", 2017, Pg. 1). Hence, the age of justices varies between these two republics. These three major branches
of government can also overlap at times to provide a peaceful resolution or to resolve active disputes. Now for the economic outlook of these two
countries. This comparing, and contrasting segment is more difficult than the political outlook. Since, these two countries do vary quite significantly
in terms of population and size. For instance, Ireland's population as of July 2016 was just below five million, which is incomparable to the roughly
324 million United States population ("The World Factbook: IRELAND", 2017, Pg. 1). That means the Irish population could be added about 65 times
to reach the American population. However, these two nations do have some similarities. First, both countries rely heavily on technology to propel
their economic growth and expansion. For Ireland has a "talented pool of high–tech laborers" and

The Guests Of A Nation
Friend or Foe The relationship between the Irish and the British can be compared to the cartoon "Tom and Jerry. " For instance, the British are
these powerful domineering people Vs. Ireland, which consists of small farmers but prideful. This takes place during the Irish war of independence,
a blood bath between Irish freedom fighters against the almighty British military. In the beginning of the story, "The Guests of a Nation." Two
British soldiers, Hawkins and Belchor have been abducted by the Irish Republic Army(IRA). They are being guarded by Noble and Bonaparte on a
rural farm being kept by a old stubborn women. Days and weeks pass and strangely, a friendship emerges. They start to play cards together a couple of
times everyday.... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Arguments arise due to the extreme cultural differences. Most of the time its between Hawkins and noble about about religion and capitalism.
Hawkins believes there is no god and noble tries to prove Hawkins wrong. They also talk about the war and how tired they are of fighting. Bad
news arrives with the presence of the superior officer, Donovan. Donovan is aware of the disgusting relationship that has developed. Donovan
explains to Bonaparte that the prisoners are actually hostages and they must be executed in retaliation due to the British executing three Irishmen,
including a sixteen year old boy. Bonaparte and Noble feel sick to their stomachs because now they have to execute their new friends. Rather than
becoming upset about the execution commissioned on their three Irish brothers. All men walk into the dark night to meet at the two grave sites
noble has dug. Upon arrival Hawkins goes ballistic stating to noble he was sorry for making fun of his strong believes and wants to fight side by side
with noble under the Irish flag but is shot twice. Belchor, a man who has only spoken a handful of words in those weeks opens up like a oyster.
Belchor talks his head off and realizes its hopeless and is

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