1. The document discusses social changes in Bangladesh from a sociological viewpoint. It outlines several types of social changes including political, cultural, agricultural, economic, technological, and changes related to women's empowerment. 2. Key sociological theories on social change discussed include technological theory, evolutionary theory, and Oswald Spengler's theory on the life cycle of civilizations. 3. In conclusion, the author notes that progressive social change is needed in an era of increasing global challenges to create a more just and stable world.

1. Social Changes in Bangladesh
Explanation from Sociological
Viewpoint
Group-L
Course No: 4101
Course Title: Social Change
by
Tanmay Mondal

2. Social Change
 Change is the law of nature and society is a part of nature. The word “change” denotes
a difference in anything observed over some period of time.
 Social change, in sociology, the alteration of mechanisms within the social structure,
characterized by changes in cultural symbols, rules of behavior, social organizations, or
value systems.

3. Social Change
 According to Lundberg, “Social change refers to any modifications in the established
patterns of inter human relationship and standard of conduct.”
 According to MacIver and Page, “change in social relationship and changing ways in
even human being relates themselves to one another”.
 According to H.T Mazumdar, “Modification in social technology, relationships ,
pattern & institutions”.

4. Characteristics of Social Change
 Characteristics of Social Change:
1. Change is Social 8. Social change is multi-causal
2. Universal 9. Social change creates chain-reactions
3. Continuous 10. Prediction is uncertain
4. Inevitable
5. Temporal
6. Degree or rate of change is not uniform
7. Social Change may be planned or unplanned

5. Types of Social Chance
 According to cultural anthropologist David F. Aberle, the four types of social change
include:
I. Alternative
II. Redemptive
III. Reformative and
IV. Revolutionary

6. Social Changes in Bangladesh
(Political Changes)
 Political parties and elections

7. Social Changes in Bangladesh
(Political Changes)
 Leadership

8. Social Changes in Bangladesh
(Human Rights Movement)

9. Social Changes in Bangladesh
(Cultural Change)
 Festivals

10. Social Changes in Bangladesh
(Cultural Change)
 Food Habits

11. Social Changes in Bangladesh
(Cultural Change)
 Dress patterns and new fashions

12. Social Changes in Bangladesh
(Cultural Change)
 Language

13. Social Changes in Bangladesh
(Agricultural Change)
 Mass Production

14. Social Changes in Bangladesh
(Agricultural Change)
 Use of excessive Chemical Fertilizer

15. Social Changes in Bangladesh
(Economic Change)
 Increase of Per capita Income

16. Social Changes in Bangladesh
(Women Empowerments)

17. Social Changes in Bangladesh
(Technological Change)

18. Social Changes in Bangladesh
 After independence there are also many types of social changes occurs in Bangladesh such as-
1. Demographical Change
2. Environmental change
3. Psychological change
4. Urbanizations
5. Globalization

19. Social Changes in Bangladesh
(Sociological Viewpoint)
 Technological theory of social change
W.Ogburn – ‘How Technology Changes Society’ (1947)
four stages of technological development
• Invention is the process by which new forms of technology are created.
• Accumulation is the growth of technology due to the fact that old inventions become obsolete or are
forgotten.
• Diffusion is the spread of an idea from one cultural group to another.
• Adjustment is the process by which the non-technical aspects of a culture respond to invention. Any
retardation of this adjustment process causes cultural lag.

20. Social Changes in Bangladesh
(Sociological Viewpoint)
Evolutionary theory
Societies gradually change from simple beginnings into even more complex forms.
• Charles Darwin (1859),biological evolution- origin of species , Survival of fittest,
• Showed that species of organisms have evolved from simpler organisms to the more complicated
organisms through the processes of variations and natural selection.
• Herbert Spencer (1890) -His view, known as “social Darwinism”,
• He said that society has been gradually progressing towards a better state. Society has evolved from
military society to the industrial society.
• He claimed that western races, classes or societies had survived and evolved because they were better
adapted to face the conditions of life.

21. Social Changes in Bangladesh
(Sociological Viewpoint)
Oswald Spengler(1850-1936):-‘The Destiny of Civilizations’:
• In his book “The Decline of the West”-1918, pointed out that the fate of civilizations was a matter of
“destiny”.
• Each civilization is like a biological organism and has a similar life- cycle; birth, maturity old age and
death.
• Society, after passing through all these stages of life cycle, returns to the original stage and thus the cycle
begins again.

22. Conclusion
In a rapidly changing world there is a growing awareness that we are facing fundamental
problems. In spite of all the economic growth of the last forty years, the gap between the
rich and poor is growing day by day. In such an era of an increasingly constrained and
divided world the need for progressive social change is obvious. Indeed, unless we can
adapt creatively and compassionately, then prospects for a peaceful and stable world will
rapidly fade.

23. Reference
 Polanyi, Karl. (1944). The Great Transformation. New York: Farrar & Rinehart.
 Vago, Steven. (1999). Social Change, 4th ed. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall.
 Tilly, Charles. (1988). "Misreading, then Rereading, Nineteenth-Century Social Change." Pp. 332–58 in Social
Structures: A Network Approach, eds. Barry Wellman and S.D. Berkowitz. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
 Hart, John M. (1972). "Jose Mora: His Idea of Progress and the Origins of Mexican Liberalism," North Dakota
Quarterly 40 (2): 22–29.