Benefits, Barriers, and How to Overcome the Barriers of Using an.docx

Benefits, Barriers, and How to Overcome the Barriers of Using
and Implementing Big Data Analytics throughout Supply Chain
Management in the Medical Industry
Adelaide Navickas
Harrisburg University
12/04/2016
Presentation Agenda
Introduction
Research Question
Research Methodology
Literature Review
Results
Limitations of the Research, Future Work Planned, and Lessons
Learned
Conclusion and References
Introduction
Big Data
Volume
Velocity
Variety
Big Data Analytics
Supply Chain
Procurement/sourcing
Logistics
Operations
Marketing
Author’s Background

Masters in Analytics
Working for Medical Device company in a Customer Care role
As previously mentioned Big Data has frequently been defined
as data with high volume, velocity, and variety [5] [6] [7],
while Wamba et al. goes on to add veracity and value as key
components in the definition of Big Data [2].
BDA is the application of Business Analytics on Big Data.
Business Analytics refers to statistical analysis, forecasting,
predictive modeling, and optimization techniques
3
Research Question
Specific
Benefits
Barriers
How to overcome these
Implementation and continued use
Leadership
Talent Management
Company Culture
Survey supply chain team members
Limitations
Not exhaustive
No suggestions for how to overcome unless provided by survey
respondent
Research Methodology

Identified the target respondents.
Wrote the questions and interactive statements for the survey.
Survey was reviewed by two individuals.
Survey was revised based on feedback from previous step.
Three people re-reviewed the survey
Final changes to the survey based on feedback from previous
step were made and the questions were uploaded the online
survey site SoGoSurvey.
Survey was sent out to potential respondents over a month long
period via individual emails.
Data from the survey was exported to an Excel file and analysis
of the results was conducted in order to identify common trends
among the answers as well as identifying anomalies.
Literature Review
Overview of existing Literature
With the ever-increasing amount of Big Data available to and
collected by companies, BDA has emerged as a key tool for
businesses looking to gain a competitive advantage, new
insights, and added value (full reference provided in paper)
There are many BDA applications that can be applied to all
parts of the supply chain. Waller and Fawcett suggest that
business and supply chain leaders must understand and use BDA
to support decision-making in SCM (full reference provided in
paper)
In Sanders’ article, “How to Use Big Data to Drive Your Supply
Chain,” the survey used indicated that the majority of
executives believe that BDA is a priority for the future, but also
admitted there were concerns about the cost and the choices
available that would best suit their needs (full reference
provided in paper)
Recent literature reviews broke down the current studies by
varying categories:

Type of analytics used (predictive, prescriptive, or descriptive)
Types of value creation found by using BDA
Varying other criteria: focus, research approach, method
triangulation, data generation, range, timeline, theoretical
background, and target audience
Limitations of Existing Studies
BDA is still gaining momentum in the world of SCM. While
there are plenty of businesses that are using it, there is very
little research on the benefits and barriers associated with
continued use of BDA due to its newness
S. F. Wamba et al. brings up the lack of research on how
leadership, talent management, technology, culture, data
privacy, and decision-making processes impact the use of BDA
(full reference provided in paper)
Goal of this presentation is to bridge the gap between formal
research and industry usage by providing supply chain
executives with the necessary information to understand the
benefits of and overcome the barriers to implementing and
continuing use of BDA in SCM
Results
General Survey Statistics
Table 1 shows the breakdown of respondents’ industries within
the medical field
Majority of responses are from hospitals
But there is a good mix of other industries as well
Breakdown of time using BDA in supply chain
44% of respondents using BDA have only been using it for one
to three years

19% have been using BDA for four to six years
15% for seven to nine years
7% for ten to twelve years
8% have been using it for 13 or more years
Table 2 shows the majority of companies with over 1000+
employees are using BDA in their supply chain (20 of 24)
Due to low response rate from smaller companies the author
makes no conclusion as to whether or not there is a trend for or
against BDA usage in companies of that size
The majority of respondents, regardless of company size, are
using BDA (27 of 32)
Table 3 shows the breakdown by component. Please note there
is overlap as a company could be using BDA in 1-4 of the
components
Marketing is the component of supply chain that uses BDA the
least right now
Table 1
Table 2
Table 3
It was also shown through the survey that of the four
respondents using BDA in marketing, three were using BDA in
all other components as well suggesting that marketing is the
last piece of the puzzle when implementing BDA in the supply
chain
8
Benefits
Of the 27 respondents who use BDA in their supply chain, 26
provided answers that equated to 59 individual benefits

Financial benefits were by far the most prevalent benefit (23 of
59)
Optimization and maximization was the next most frequent
benefit (9 of 59)
Better tracking/reporting/insight (8 of 59)
Other common benefits include:
Identifying trends (5)
Better models (4)
Monitoring inventory levels (5).
Reducing excess (2)
Identifying fraud (2)
Increasing process efficiency (1)
Specific Examples
In regards to optimizing human resources, one respondent
specifically discussed the use of a system that tracks an
employee’s work progress through time, speed and logistical
status by way of an RF scanner. Not only did it help improve
employee efficiency, but it also allowed that company to pick
better locations for items to increase picking efficiency.
“Patient demographic information has been analyzed to
determine where our patients come from to assist in marketing.
In addition, analyzing data that identifies if a patient was
referred to our Health Care system from a smaller organization
has allowed us to strategically form alliances with surrounding
health care providers that serve as a feeder for patients
requiring more complex care than what they can provide. As a
result we have maintained steady/or increasing volumes of
patients and we are often treating the more critically ill that
bolsters our reputation as well as giving us the opportunity to
increase revenues.”
The benefits identified by respondents were varied but did have
common themes. Of the 27 respondents who use BDA in their
supply chain, 26 provided answers that equated to 59 individual

benefits.
Financial benefits were by far the most prevalent benefit. Such
benefits were identified 23 separate times. These financial
benefits included lowering the cost of devices or distribution,
reducing costs through better negotiating and review of
contracts, reducing labor costs through the balancing of human
resources, and lowering freight bills.
Optimization and maximization was the next most frequent
benefit listed encompassing nine of the 59 benefits. Examples
include optimizing item location within a warehouse, optimizing
inventory levels as well as human resources, maximizing sales
through better service levels, and increasing patient volume
with targeted marketing.
The third most frequent benefit was found to be better
tracking/reporting/insight and was mentioned in eight of the 59
benefits. Examples include providing leadership with a big
picture view of daily operations, providing information on
clinical use of products which leads to standardization of
product decisions, tracking compliance with contracts, and a
better notification system to remind employees of what is
coming next.
Other common benefits include identifying trends (5), better
models (4), and monitoring inventory levels (5). Trends were
mentioned to be found in customer behavior, expenses,
operational, and financial categories. Models mentioned were
used for a centralized supply chain (for multiple hospitals) and
predictive analytics. One example described using models to
predict usage spikes so that they could be proactive in their
procurement as opposed to reactive. The last few benefits
included reducing excess (2), identifying fraud (2), and
increasing process efficiency (1).
9
Barriers for companies not yet using BDA
5 respondents’ barriers:

A current model that is more granularly focused
A lack of data analysts
A lack of proper systems (mentioned by three of the five
respondents)
Resources needed for implementation
High cost involved in system add-ons
No noted ways to overcome these barriers by these respondents
However, similar barriers were listed by the respondents who
had implemented BDA along with ways to overcome those
barriers
Barriers and How to Overcome Them
Barriers
Of the 27 respondents using BDA, 26 of them provided 52
individual barriers
The largest category was data integration (11 of 52)
Companies are working with data in inconsistent formats across
multiple systems that may or may not initially pair successfully
with each other
Data Accuracy (9) and Data Validation (8)
Shared between 12 respondents – 5 of which listed both barriers
Data accuracy barriers included not trusting the data source
(customers, physicians, nurses), knowing data was manually
entered (always a chance for human error), and not trusting the
system it is being pulled from to provide consistent results
Data validation barriers included manual checks of the data to
make sure results and reports were accurate, questioning the
data rather than the analysis, and having to validate the source
data used in the analytics
Remaining barriers:
Technology for data manipulation (4), technology for data
storage (3), database reporting logic (3), calculation accuracy
(3), data security (2)

10 other individual barriers
Methods to get past them (if provided)
4 of 11 respondents who faced data integration barriers
overcame them
By developing a system to standardize data collection,
enforcing policy and procedure, persistence, or creating an
automated process making data more readily available
7 of 12 respondents who faced data validation and data accuracy
barriers overcame them
By revising reporting tools, educating staff who uses the data
about the value of the data and its accuracy, trial and error,
continued use of the data allowing for regular adjustments that
provide better information, or developing a system that allowed
for more data to be collected at a greater depth so that it could
be cross-validated across datasets
workforce resistance to their actions being tracked and
measured, HIPAA (Health Insurance Portability and
Accountability Act) limitations, lack of human resources,
building an effective business case to show leadership the
benefits of implementing BDA, pushback from suppliers on
pricing benchmarks, internal stakeholder pushback, data
volume, steep learning curve, end-user pushback, and the ability
to drill down into the data
11
Leadership, Talent Management, & Company Culture
50% of responses mentioned leadership
A quarter of these had a lack of leadership support
The remaining three-quarters noted that they had strong
leadership buy-in and support which continues to help their
team provide benefits to their company
40% discussed the need for strong human resources with

analytical skills (talent management)
It was noted that it is important to hire people with BDA
experience and for the focus of their role to be solely on BDA
More than 2/3 already had a strong analytics team while the
other 1/3 is searching for better human resources
40% also wrote about how company culture played a role in
their BDA usage
3 of 9 truly felt that their company culture helped support BDA
usage in their supply chain
2 of 9 don’t have a strong positive or negative connotation
4 of 9 felt culture was hindering their BDA usage and found it
particularly difficult trying to work together with other
departments
24 of the 27 respondents using BDA answered this question.
This was the last question of the survey and may not have been
worded very clearly because 6 of the 24 who answered did not
directly mention leadership, talent management, or company
culture in their response.
Limitations of the Results, Future Work Planned, Lessons
Learned
Future Work Planned:
More research specifically on how talent management,
leadership, and company culture affect BDA use in SCM in the
medical industry
Lessons Learned:
Don’t rely on one person or company to distribute a survey –
take responsibility yourself
More respondents were using BDA than initial assumption (this
is good in the author’s humble opinion)
Many respondents had barriers that they had solved, but there
were also others that hadn’t solved theirs yet – it was nice to
see that they were still persevering and not just giving up

Limitations of Results:
Results are specific to the 32 respondents
While there were a variety of regions and industries presented
the small sample size makes it hard to say that the results would
be consistent with a larger group
Thank you!
References and appendices are provided in the paper with the
same title as this presentation
Avoiding Plagiarism
David Runyon, M.L.I.S., M.S.
1
HU on plagiarism:
“Plagiarism” includes, but is not limited to, failure to indicate
the source with quotation marks or footnotes, where
appropriate, if any of the following are reproduced in the work
submitted by a student:
i. A phrase, written or musical
ii. A graphic element

iii. A proof
iv. Specific language, OR…
2
HU on plagiarism:
Plagiarism is using the ideas of others and/or words without
clearly acknowledging the source of that information.
-Harrisburg University 2017-2018 Undergraduate Catalog , pg.
48
3
HU on Academic Honesty
Harrisburg University expects a student to act honorably and in
accordance with the standards of academic integrity. Academic
integrity is grounded in mutual trust and respect. Therefore, it is
expected that a student will respect the rights of others and will
only submit work that is their own, refraining from all forms of
lying, cheating and plagiarism. Lack of academic integrity
includes:

Plagiarism
Cheating
Fabrication, alteration of documents, lying, etc.
Assisting others in academic misconduct
-Harrisburg University 2017-2018 Undergraduate Catalog , pp.
48-49
4
Consequences
Sanctions for violations of Academic Code of Conduct
Assignment grade of 0
Failing grade in the course at issue
Warning via written notice to the student
Withdrawal from course
Temporary suspension from the University
Expulsion
Withholding of a diploma
-HU Student Handbook, pp. 14-16
5
Intentional
Inadvertent
Turning in a paper written by another student without

permission.
Turning in a paper a peer has written with permission.
Turning in a paper purchased from a term paper service.
Turning in a paper from a “free” online term paper service.
Copying from the source but failing to provide appropriate
documentation.
Copying from the source, providing appropriate documentation
but failing to use quotation marks.
Paraphrasing from source but failing to provide appropriate
documentation.
Incorrectly quoting, paraphrasing or citing.
What needs to be cited?
Any idea that did not originate in your own brain, from
whatever source:
Movies, newspapers, TV shows, websites, radio, books, music,
etc.
Speeches, conversations, interviews
Verbatim passages from a source (with quotation marks)
Paraphrases from a source
Purdue University, (2007). Is it plagiarism yet? The OWL at
Purdue. http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/589/02/
7
What does NOT need to be cited?
Your own, original thoughts, opinions, experiences
“Common knowledge” and generally accepted facts

Purdue University. (2007). Is it plagiarism yet? The OWL
at Purdue.
http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/589/02/
8
When in doubt, cite!
9
Always cite:
Phrases you rewrite from another source
Verbatim passages that you’ve put quotation marks around
Ideas that come from others
10
Cite your sources by:
Including in-text citations (Smith, 2000, p. 31)
Including all sources in your bibliography at the end of the

paper
Consistently using an accepted citation format such as APA
11
“Patch writing” is plagiarism.
Patch writing = stringing together sentences from more than one
source, without paraphrasing.
Principle: Academic writing means using your own words!
12
Don’t rely on others’ words.
Strive to keep your use of other people’s words to a minimum.
Excessive use of quotations = lack of effort, lack of
understanding of your subject
Limit use of quoted material to 10% or less of your final
product.
13

Can you plagiarize yourself?
Yes!
Always cite your sources, even if it’s your previous work.
14
Practice Paraphrasing!
“Can a mortal ask questions which God finds unanswerable?
Quite easily, I should think. All nonsense questions are
unanswerable. How many hours are there in a mile? Is yellow
square or round? Probably half the questions we ask—half our
great theological and metaphysical problems—are like that”
(Lewis, 1961, p. 81).
Lewis, C. S. (1961). A grief observed. New York, NY: The
Seabury Press.
Sample Paraphrase
Lewis (1961) suggests that our limited understanding of reality
leads us to pose questions that make no sense and,
consequently, have no answer, even when asked of God (p. 81).
References
Lewis, C. S. (1961). A grief observed. New York, NY: The
Seabury Press.
References & Contact Info
VandenBos, G. R. (Ed.). (2010). Publication manual of

the American Psychological Association. Washington, D.C.:
American Psychological Association.
Facebook: Harrisburg University Library
Twitter: @husatlib
Library: Second floor
Based on an original presentation by Kathleen Conley, HACC,
with elements from Nancy E. Adams, Harrisburg University,
and Jessica See, Harrisburg University.
18
GRAD 699: Thesis Rubric
Main idea: The Thesis should be developed and presented as an
ongoing artifact, extended from the Proposal, with a particular
structure. While Theses may vary in some methodological and
conceptual aims (e.g., solution development,
theoretical/conceptual/practical, qualitative, quantitative, etc.)
and results, there are some major areas of content overlap
among them.
WE MAY EVEN WANT TO START ATTACHING THIS TO
THE FINISHED DOCUMENT.
Section
Element
Finalized Work Plan
Unacceptable

(1)
Novice
(2)
Competence
(3)
Excellent
(4)
N/A
(at this time)
SCORE
Timeline
None
Unclear; not detailed enough to track predicted progress
Clear; detailed enough to track predicted progress
All elements of the schedule map clearly to corresponding
elements of the thesis
Materials
None specified
Not clearly identified and/or not clearly tied to an appropriate
use in the work
Clearly specified; clearly tied to activities in the work
Materials mapped to work/timeline in a way that increases
understanding of the study
Section
Element
Results and Findings
Unacceptable
(1)
Novice
(2)
Competence

(3)
Excellent
(4)
N/A
(at this time)
SCORE
Introduction
No preamble or introduction to the results section. No research
context provided to aid the reader.
Minimal preamble, but still halting or abrupt in presentation;
little research context provided to aid the reader.
Introduction provided; provision of research context to support
reader understanding
Introduction and context provided; connects the readers
attention to the literature review and methodology
Sequencing
Missing or severely halting, non-sequenced presentation of
results; extraneous information included
Findings presented out of expected order; sequencing not
appropriate to thesis objectives; some extraneous narrative
included
Sequencing established and adhered to; no deviation from
results context
Sequencing contributes to understanding the results/findings
and ties desired objectives to the upcoming discussion
Description
Results not presented; presentation does not match methodology
or hypotheses
Low level of description of results; not directly or only
inadequately tied to hypotheses or methods; some attempt to
explain results along with description; vague and/or imprecise
language used to sway reader

Results tied to hypotheses and methodology; results connected
to previous research results; no undue interpretation of results
provided; language is factual and concise
Results presented in full accord with hypotheses and flow
directly from methods; no attempt at interpretation; results
either fit with previous research or identified as conflicting;
factual language lays groundwork for Discussion
Tables and figures
None present
Few tables or figures; tables or figures not properly referenced
in narrative; contain conflicting or extraneous information/data;
improper labels or misspellings; diagrams do not contribute to
understanding or detailing results; tables or figures used
where/when not needed
An adequate number and kind of tables and/or figures are used
which aid in the presentation of the results; diagrams contribute
directly to understanding results; no extraneous figures or
tables; proper reference made to tables and figures within
narrative
Tables and figures enhance presentation of results and findings;
all contents can be clearly traced to thesis contents
Section
Element
Discussion
Unacceptable
(1)
Novice
(2)
Competence
(3)
Excellent

(4)
N/A
(at this time)
SCORE
Review
No connection to problem statement; no review of methods
used; no statement of major findings; not confined to one or two
paragraphs
Not clearly connected to problem statement; methods partially
reviewed; minimal or choppy listing of major findings; overly
verbose and stretches over more than one or two paragraphs;
introduction of new results
Review of original problem statement that is not simply a copy
and paste; review of methods used; confined to a single
paragraph; no new results presented;
Clear review and restatement of original problem; reviews
methods with clear tie hypotheses and analysis of results;
concise, effective language used in a single paragraph
Interpretation of results
No attempt at or lacking in in-depth explanation of the results;
no connection to other studies or attempt at generalization or
application of findings
Some explanation of results; lacking in significant connect to
other studies; inadequate attempt at generalization or
application of findings
Explanation of results; meaningful connection to other studies;
attempts made at generalization and application of findings;
new understandings indicated; explanation follows a particular
pattern to completion
In-depth explanation of results fully supported by and couched
within other studies; possible alternate explanations of findings
considered, as applicable; claims made for how results can
generalized and/or applied; discussion flows from general to
specific with linkages to the literature, theory and/or practice

New understandings or unexpected results
None given
At least one provided, but not well connected to research
objectives and findings
Provided and clearly connected to research objectives and
findings;
Provided and their discussion provides added importance and
originality to the study or project
Limitations
None given
Given but not explained
Given with satisfactory explanation of why they exist and how
they fit within the current work
Given; fully and concisely explained as to how they fit within
the current study and enhance the current work.
Section
Element
Conclusions and Recommendation for Future Work
Unacceptable
(1)
Novice
(2)
Competence
(3)
Excellent
(4)
N/A
(at this time)
SCORE

Revisit research question
Not present or stated too simply.
Present, but is mainly a copy of the previous statements; does
not further the case for or strengths of the research; no reminder
of evidence in support of the main argument(s)
Reminds reader of the main argument(s)t or purpose; furthers
the case for and strengths of the research; contains sufficient
reminders of evidence supporting the main argument(s); not
simply a summary of the findings
Clearly reminds reader of the background, context, and
necessity of the research; conveys the larger significance of the
study
Conclusions drawn
None present
Limited attempt at synthesis of results; no literature cited in
support of conclusions drawn; research gap not identified as
addressed.
Conclusions presented from a synthesis of results; research gap
identified as addressed; other research cited in support of
conclusions
Through synthesis of findings and discussion the case for the
research is clearly made so that the reader sees the overall and
specific contributions of the work.
Unanswered questions
None pointed out.
Few pointed out or not clearly or authentically arising from the
findings
Pointed out and clearly arising from the findings
Arising from the findings and the result of clear and creative
analysis of findings

Future work
None pointed out
Pointed out, but not well connected to current study
Identified from current study
Identified from current study with suggestions for how it might
be done and possible impact
Section
Element
Finalized Bibliography/References
Unacceptable
(1)
Novice
(2)
Competence
(3)
Excellent
(4)
N/A
(at this time)
SCORE
Presence
Missing entirely or sources unidentifiable
Several sources missing, or sources cited which do not appear in
the proposal; some sources unidentifiable; software not used to
All used sources cited; no unused sources; all sources
identifiable
All used sources cited; no unused sources; all sources
identifiable; all sources accessible
Format
Prescribed format not used
Prescribed format has missing/misused elements

Format followed; slight errors that are easily corrected
Format followed; no errors

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