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150 words 1 reference within 5 years, in text citations a must and must match the reference. This is a response. Numerous factors have created significant challenges in the work environments of contemporary nurses. New advances in biomedical science, the growing need for improved disease prevention and management, integration of new clinical care technologies, cultural diversity and shifts in care delivery have all contributed to the rapidly increasing need for well-educated, experienced nurses (Holloway & Galvin, 2016). Collaboration within multidisciplinary teams fosters opportunities to address clinical problems and issues using various perspectives and expertise. Also, nurses can use research to shape health policy in patient care. Incorporating relevant research findings into clinical practice and evaluating effectiveness, helps close the gap between research and practice (Grove, Burns & Gray 2014). Research uses investigation, exploration, and discovery to understand the philosophy of science. The use of clinically relevant research can develop, refine, and extend nursing knowledge and strengthen their skills by utilizing evidence- base practices to provide patients with the best outcomes, provide safe nursing interventions and use accurate and precise nursing assessment measures ( Parahoo , 2014). Evidence--based practices (EBP) has impacted nursing practice, education, and science. Three primary goals of the Magnet Recognition Program are supported by research, evidence-based practice and quality improvement. Evidence-based practice is guided by research findings, quality improvement, and expert opinion to identify methods of improvement ( Parahoo , 2014). EBP uses the best evidence stemming from research and applies it to the clinical decision-making. EBP typically comes from systematic review, meta-analysis, or established evidence-based clinical practices. Other evidence comes from randomized controlled trials, quantitative studies, qualitative studies, and expert opinion and analyses. EBP integrates current trends, identifies assessment, diagnostic strategies and therapeutic interventions that reflect current evidence including data and research literature to the individualization of care with the inclusion of patient preferences (Grove, Burns & Gray, 2014). ...

Education

Parahoo
, 2014). EBP uses the best evidence stemming from research and
applies it to the clinical decision-making. EBP typically comes
from systematic review, meta-analysis, or established evidence-
based clinical practices. Other evidence comes from randomized
controlled trials, quantitative studies, qualitative studies, and
expert opinion and analyses. EBP integrates current trends,
identifies assessment, diagnostic strategies and therapeutic
interventions that reflect current evidence including data and
research literature to the individualization of care with the
inclusion of patient preferences (Grove, Burns & Gray, 2014).

Similar to 150 words 1 reference within 5 years, in text citations a must and m.docx

Evidence-based practice is an approach to health care where health care professionals use the best evidence possible or the most appropriate information available to make their clinical decisions. Research studies are gathered from the literature and assessed so that decisions about application can be done so with as much insight as possible. Not all research is able to be taken into the clinical practice that is why assessing the literature and determining if it is possible to carry out in a safe and effective manner is important. The steps that make up the evidence-based practice is first to ask a question which pertains to your clinical practice, then search for research and literature that will help solve your question. Third step is to evaluate the evidence and determine if it can be used safely and effectively in your clinical practice, then you must apply the information to your clinical experience and with your patient’s values. Finally, you must evaluate the outcome and determine if the desired effect is being reached. (LoBiondo-Wood, 2014) The nursing process is drilled into our education as nurses and with good reason. The nursing process is used countless times throughout our practice. I was taught the acronym ADPIE which stands for assessment, diagnosis, planning, implementation, and evaluation. When assessing it is important to gather as much information on the patient whether it be subjective or objective findings. After we make a nursing diagnosis based on our assessment and then we plan on how to best care for our patient, and what our goals and their goals are for their care. Once the plan is made and the patient consents to the care plan then we can implement the plan. After we implement, we evaluate whether our goals and the patient’s goals are being reached. If not, we begin the nursing process all over again. (LoBiondo-Wood, 2014) In my own practice I use the nursing practice on every patient and even do it multiple times. When a patient enters the emergency room they are immediately being assessed and then once the physical and interview assessments are done the nurse creates a nursing diagnosis. The nurse creates a care plan that is based on evidence-based practice and goes over it with patient to gain consent. The difference between these two processes is how they begin. The nursing process begins by gathering as much information as possible to then give a nursing diagnosis. While evidence-based practice begins by posing a question first and then gathering as much information as possible. They do have similarities especially when it comes to the end of the processes. Evaluating whether the care plan is working in the nursing process or whether the research and literature brought out a successful new take on the clinical practice. They both need to make the outcomes are as expected and if they are not it is back to the beginning of the process. References LoBiondo-Wood, G., & Harber, J. (2014). Nursing Research. St.

Evidence-based practice is an approach to health care where health c.docx

theodorelove43763

EVIDENCE –BASED PRACTICES 1 Evidence-Based Practices Stephanie Petit-homme Miami Regional University Professor: Garcia Mercedes 07/05/2021 Evidence-Based Practices to Guide Clinical Practices In other terms recognized as evidence-based medication, evidence-based scientific practice is elucidated as the careful, obvious, and judicious use of the best indication in creating results for the outstanding care of separate patients. It helps those who brand the choices to device best healthcare practices while drawing the roadmaps for the health system. In clinical trials, the integration of the EBCP entails clinical respiratory medicine considers two fundamental principles. For example, the principle is the hierarchy of the evidence and the art of clinical decision-making. The interrelationship between the theory, research, and EBP The relationship between the theory, research, and the EBP supports the three recognition programs. They still relate in terms of the magnet model component of modern knowledge, innovation, and advancement. They describe in a way in which they lead to the promotion of quality in a setting that makes supports professional practices. Second, there is the identification of excellence in giving nursing services to sick people or the people who stay around. For instance, the model, which is other terms the magnet theory, has got five components ( Reddy, 2018). The first constituent includes transformational management; the additional is structural authorization. The third one is archetypal specialized practices, new information, invention, and upgrading. Lastly, in the model, there are the empirical quality outcomes. For the achievement of the aims of the goals that have been set, there is a need to make sure that the theory, current knowledge innovation, and the improvements and the components that are found in view all the nurses who are located in the levels of the healthcare company need to get involved. The research has its primary purpose for the help of coming up with knowledge or the validation done for the knowledge that has always been there from before based on the theory. There is systematic, scientific questioning in the research to give the answers to some of the specific questions. It can use the test hypotheses and the rigorous method, the primary purpose of the study being for investigation knowing of the new things and the exploration. There is a need to understand the philosophy of science. Second, on the EBP, there is no development of the new knowledge or even the learning being validated. The primary purpose of the EBP is to translate the evidence and then apply it to medical executive. It uses the indication available to brand patient-care choices. The EBP goes yonder the exploration as fine as the persevering penchants and ideals. The EBP retains into deliberation that the best indication is for the opinion leaders and the experts. Even though there is the existence of definitiv ...

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Evidence-Based Practice Beliefs and Behaviors of Nurses Providing Cancer Pain Management: A Mixed-Methods Approach Linda H. Eaton, PhD, RN, AOCN® [project director], School of Nursing at the University of Washington in Seattle and a postdoctoral research fellow in the College of Nursing at the University of Utah in Salt Lake City Alexa R. Meins, BS [PhD student], School of Nursing at the University of Washington in Seattle Pamela H. Mitchell, PhD, RN, FAHA, FAAN [Professors], School of Nursing at the University of Washington in Seattle Joachim Voss, PhD, RN, FAAN [Professors], and School of Nursing at the University of Washington in Seattle Ardith Z. Doorenbos, PhD, RN, FAAN [Professors] School of Nursing at the University of Washington in Seattle Abstract Purpose/Objectives—To describe evidence-based practice (EBP) beliefs and behaviors of nurses who provide cancer pain management. Design—Descriptive, cross-sectional with a mixed-methods approach. Setting—Two inpatient oncology units in the Pacific Northwest. Sample—40 RNs. Methods—Data collected by interviews and web-based surveys. Main Research Variables—EBP beliefs, EBP implementation, evidence-based pain management. Findings—Nurses agreed with the positive aspects of EBP and their implementation ability, although implementation level was low. They were satisfied with their pain management practices. Oncology nursing certification was associated with innovativeness, and innovativeness was associated with EBP beliefs. Themes identified were (a) limited definition of EBP, (b) varied evidence-based pain management decision making, (c) limited identification of evidence-based pain management practices, and (d) integration of nonpharmacologic interventions into patient care. Copyright 2015 by the Oncology Nursing Society HHS Public Access Author manuscript Oncol Nurs Forum. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2015 May 07. Published in final edited form as: Oncol Nurs Forum. 2015 March 1; 42(2): 165–173. doi:10.1188/15.ONF.165-173. A u th o r M a n u scrip t A u th o r M a n u scrip t A u th o r M a n u scrip t A u th o r M a n u scrip t Conclusions—Nurses' low level of EBP implementation in the context of pain management was explained by their trust that standards of care and medical orders were evidence-based. Implications for Nursing—Nurses' EBP beliefs and behaviors should be considered when developing strategies for sustaining evidence-based pain management practices. Implementation of the EBP process by nurses may not be realistic in the inpatient setting; therefore, hospital pain management policies need to be evidence-based and reinforced with nurses. Keywords evidence-based practice; evidence-based practice beliefs; evidence-based practice behaviors; cancer pain management; mixed methods Satisfactory pain management remains the single most important challenge to managing quality of life for patients with cancer (Dray, 2010).

Evidence-Based Practice Beliefs and Behaviors of Nurses Prov.docx

turveycharlyn

Running head: Critical Appraisal of Research Critical Appraisal of Research Part 4B: Critical Appraisal of Research Walden University: NURS-6052. October 13, 2019 Part 4B: Critical Appraisal of Research Given my examination, the best practice that rises out of the exploration I checked on is Evidence-Based Practice (EBP), whereby in a clinical setting, it is considered as a fundamental component for guaranteeing that patients are given quality care just as treatment services. EBP is viewed as reasonable just as meticulous use of clinical practices that depend on current evidence. Also, medical care experts, with the help of EBP, can settle on successful decisions in connection to medicinal services operations. EBP depends on various pieces of evidence that incorporate qualitative just as quantitative research, controlled preliminaries, case reports, expert opinion, and scientific standards. In this specific case, the clinical practices dependent on EBP help with giving better care just as treatment benefits as per patient values alongside clinical aptitude (Forrest, 2008). EBP depends on evidence gathered from qualitative research. Consequently, the quantitative analysis assumes a significant role in collecting data about current practices to be effected for the improvement of clinical skills and in gathering the patient's values. The research examines that are ineffectively structured, and inadequate reporting is contended to influence quantitative analysis crosswise over various spheres that incorporate medicinal services, future research, decision making, and health policy. In such manner, distinguishing reporting rules including diagnosis test studies (STARD), observational studies (STROBE), meta-analyses of observational studies (MOOSE), consolidated criteria for reporting qualitative research (COREQ) and randomized controlled trials (CONSORT) were used in these peer-reviewed articles. Recognizing that clinicians have time constraints but then need to give the ideal care to their patients, the evidence-based methodology offers clinicians an advantageous technique for discovering current research to help in making clinical decisions, answer patient questions, and investigate alternative therapies, strategies, or materials. With a comprehension of how to viably use EBDM, professionals can rapidly and helpfully remain current with scientific discoveries on points that are essential to them and their patients. References DiBardino, D., Cohen, E. R., & Didwania, A. (2014). Meta‐analysis: multidisciplinary fall prevention strategies in the acute care inpatient population. Journal of hospital medicine, 7(6), 497-503. Forrest, J. L. (2008). Evidence-based decision making: introduction and formulating good clinical questions. J Contemp Dent Pract, 1(3), 042-052. Haines, T. P., Hill, K. D., Bennell, K. L., & Osborne, R. H. (2017). Additional exercise for older subacute hospital inpatients to prevent fal ...

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NONPF - 1 NURSE PRACTITIONER CORE COMPETENCIES April 2011 Amended 2012* Task Force Members Anne C. Thomas, PhD, ANP-BC, GNP - Chair M. Katherine Crabtree, DNSc, FAAN, APRN-BC Kathleen R. Delaney, PhD, PMH-NP Mary Anne Dumas, PhD, RN, FNP-BC, FAANP Ruth Kleinpell, PhD, RN, FAAN, FCCM M. Cynthia Logsdon, PhD, WHNP-BC, FAAN Julie Marfell, DNP, FNP-BC, FAANP Donna G. Nativio, PhD, CRNP, FAAN Note: Terms in bold are defined within the glossary found at the end of the competencies. Preamble In August 2008, NONPF endorsed the evolution of the Doctorate of Nursing Practice (DNP) as the entry level for nurse practitioner (NP) practice (NONPF, 2008a). Nurse practitioner education, which is based upon the NONPF competencies, recognizes that the student’s ability to show successful achievement of the NONPF competencies for NP education is of greater value than the number of clinical hours the student has performed (NONPF, 2008b). The Nurse Practitioner Core Competencies (NP Core Competencies) integrate and build upon existing Master’s and DNP core competencies and are guidelines for educational programs preparing NPs to implement the full scope of practice as a licensed independent practitioner. The competencies are essential behaviors of all NPs. These competencies are demonstrated upon graduation regardless of the population focus of the program and are necessary for NPs to meet the complex challenges of translating rapidly expanding knowledge into practice and function in a changing health care environment. Nurse Practitioner graduates have knowledge, skills, and abilities that are essential to independent clinical practice. The NP Core Competencies are acquired through mentored patient care experiences with emphasis on independent and interprofessional practice; analytic skills for evaluating and providing evidence-based, patient centered care across settings; and advanced knowledge of the health care delivery system. Doctorally-prepared NPs apply knowledge of scientific foundations in practice for quality care. They are able to apply skills in technology and information literacy, and engage in practice inquiry to improve health outcomes, policy, and healthcare delivery. Areas of increased knowledge, skills, and expertise include advanced communication skills, collaboration, complex decision making, leadership, and the business of health care. The competencies elaborated here build upon previous work that identified knowledge and skills essential to DNP competencies (AACN 1996; AACN, 2006; NONPF & National Panel, 2006) and are consistent with the recommendations of the Institute of Medicine’s report, The Future of Nursing (IOM, 2011). At completion of the NP program, the NP graduate possesses the nine (9) core competencies regardless of population focus. * Amended as result of additional validation through the 2011-2012 Population-Focused Competencies Task Force. Competencies 7, 6, & 7 .

NONPF - 1NURSE PRACTITIONER CORE COMPETENCIES April 201.docx

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Required Material Lawler, E. E. (2017). Reinventing talent management: Principles and practices for the new world of work. Retrieved from ProQuest, Ebook Central in the Trident Online Library. RBL Group. (2015). Overview of the Competency Model [Video file]. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9BdjdgySzxE. Sanghi, S. (2016). Chapter 1: Introduction to competency mapping. In The Handbook of Competency Mapping: Understanding, Designing, and Implementing Competency Models in Organizations (pp. 1-25). Thousand Oaks, California: Sage Publications. Retrieved from EBSCO in the Trident Online Library. Sanghi, S. (2016). Chapter 3: Competency-based applications. The Handbook of Competency Mapping: Understanding, Designing, and Implementing Competency Models in Organizations (pp. 49-76). Thousand Oaks, California: Sage Publications. Retrieved from EBSCO in the Trident Online Library. (If you are interested in learning more about competency models and mapping, read other chapters in this book.) RESEARCH - EDUCATION Improving prescribing practices: A pharmacist-led educational intervention for nurse practitioner students Jennifer A. Sabatino, PharmD, BCACP (Clinical Pharmacist)1, Maria C. Pruchnicki, PharmD, BCPS, BCACP, CLS (Associate Professor)2, Alexa M. Sevin, PharmD, BCACP (Assistant Professor)2, Elizabeth Barker, PhD, CNP, FAANP, FACHE, FNAP, FAAN, FNP-BC (Professor Emeritus of Clinical Nursing)3, Christopher G. Green, PharmD (Specialty Practice Pharmacist)4, & Kyle Porter, MAS (Senior Consulting Research Statistician)5 1Department of Pharmacy, Memorial Hospital Medication Therapies Center, Marysville, Ohio 2Division of Pharmacy Practice and Science, The Ohio State University College of Pharmacy, Columbus, Ohio 3College of Nursing, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 4Department of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio 5Center for Biostatistics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio Keywords Pharmacotherapy; education; prescriptions; students; pharmacists; nurse practitioner; advanced practice nurse. Correspondence Maria C. Pruchnicki, PharmD, BCPS, BCACP, CLS, Division of Pharmacy Practice and Science, The Ohio State University College of Pharmacy, 500 West 12th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210. Tel: 614-292-1363; Fax: 614-292-1335; E-mail: [email protected] Received: 22 May 2016; accepted: 6 January 2017 doi: 10.1002/2327-6924.12446 Previous presentations: Poster presentation at the American Pharmacists Association Annual Meeting, March 2014, Orlando, Florida. Encore poster presentation at the Ohio Pharmacists Association 136th Annual Meeting, April 2014, Columbus, Ohio. Podium presentation at the Ohio Pharmacy Resident Conference, May 2014, Ada, Ohio. Encore podium presentation at the Celebration of Educational Scholarship “Advances in Health Sciences Education” at The Ohio State University College of Medicine, November 2014, Columbus, Ohio. Encore poster presenta.

Required MaterialLawler, E. E. (2017). Reinventing talent manage.docx

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Running head: CRITIQUE QUANTITATIVE, QUALITATIVE, OR MIXED METHODS DESIGN 5 CRITIQUE OF QUANTITATIVE, QUALITATIVE, OR MIXED METHODS DESIGN Critiquing Quantitative, Qualitative, or Mixed Methods Studies Adenike George Walden University NURS 6052: Essentials of Evidence-Based Practice April 11, 2019 Critique of Quantitative, Qualitative, or Mixed Method Design Both quantitative and qualitative methods play a pivotal role in nursing research. Qualitative research helps nurses and other healthcare workers to understand the experiences of the patients on health and illness. Quantitative data allows researchers to use an accurate approach in data collection and analysis. When using quantitative techniques, data can be analyzed using either descriptive statistics or inferential statistics which allows the researchers to derive important facts like demographics, preference trends, and differences between the groups. The paper comprehensively critiques quantitative and quantitative techniques of research. Furthermore, the author will also give reasons as to why qualitative methods should be regarded as scientific. The overall value of quantitative and Qualitative Research Quantitative studies allow the researchers to present data in terms of numbers. Since data is in numeric form, researchers can apply statistical techniques in analyzing it. These include descriptive statistics like mean, mode, median, standard deviation and inferential statistics such as ANOVA, t-tests, correlation and regression analysis. Statistical analysis allows us to derive important facts from data such as preference trends, demographics, and differences between groups. For instance, by conducting a mixed methods study to determine the feeding experiences of infants among teen mothers in North Carolina, Tucker and colleagues were able to compare breastfeeding trends among various population groups. The multiple groups compared were likely to initiate breastfeeding as follows: Hispanic teens 89%, Black American teens 41%, and White teens 52% (Tucker et al., 2011). The high strength of quantitative analysis lies in providing data that is descriptive. The descriptive statistics helps us to capture a snapshot of the population. When analyzed appropriate, the descriptive data enables us to make general conclusions concerning the population. For instance, through detailed data analysis, Tucker and co-researchers were able to observe that there were a large number of adolescents who ceased breastfeeding within the first month drawing the need for nurses to conduct individualized follow-ups the early days after hospital discharge. These follow-ups would significantly assist in addressing the conventional technical problems and offer support in managing back to school transition (Tucker et al., 2011). Qualitative research allows researchers to determine the client’s perspective on healthcare. It enables researchers to observe certain behaviors and experiences amo.

Running head CRITIQUE QUANTITATIVE, QUALITATIVE, OR MIXED METHODS.docx

todd271

Original Article The Establishment of Evidence-Based Practice Competencies for Practicing Registered Nurses and Advanced Practice Nurses in Real-World Clinical Settings: Proficiencies to Improve Healthcare Quality, Reliability, Patient Outcomes, and Costs Bernadette Mazurek Melnyk, RN, PhD, CPNP/PMHNP, FNAP, FAANP, FAAN • Lynn Gallagher-Ford, RN, PhD, DPFNAP, NE-BC • Lisa English Long, RN, MSN, CNS • Ellen Fineout-Overholt, RN, PhD, FAAN Keywords evidence-based practice, competencies, healthcare quality ABSTRACT Background: Although it is widely known that evidence-based practice (EBP) improves healthcare quality, reliability, and patient outcomes as well as reduces variations in care and costs, it is still not the standard of care delivered by practicing clinicians across the globe. Adoption of specific EBP competencies for nurses and advanced practice nurses (APNs) who practice in real-world healthcare settings can assist institutions in achieving high-value, low-cost evidence-based health care. Aim: The aim of this study was to develop a set of clear EBP competencies for both practicing registered nurses and APNs in clinical settings that can be used by healthcare institutions in their quest to achieve high performing systems that consistently implement and sustain EBP. Methods: Seven national EBP leaders developed an initial set of competencies for practicing registered nurses and APNs through a consensus building process. Next, a Delphi survey was conducted with 80 EBP mentors across the United States to determine consensus and clarity around the competencies. Findings: Two rounds of the Delphi survey resulted in total consensus by the EBP mentors, resulting in a final set of 13 competencies for practicing registered nurses and 11 additional competencies for APNs. Linking Evidence to Action: Incorporation of these competencies into healthcare system ex- pectations, orientations, job descriptions, performance appraisals, and clinical ladder promotion processes could drive higher quality, reliability, and consistency of healthcare as well as reduce costs. Research is now needed to develop valid and reliable tools for assessing these competencies as well as linking them to clinician and patient outcomes. BACKGROUND Evidence-based practice (EBP) is a life-long problem-solving approach to the delivery of health care that integrates the best evidence from well-designed studies (i.e., external evidence) and integrates it with a patient’s preferences and values and a clinician’s expertise, which includes internal evidence gathered from patient data. When EBP is delivered in a context of caring and a culture as well as an ecosystem or environment that supports it, the best clinical decisions are made that yield positive patient outcomes (see Figure 1; Melnyk & Fineout-Overholt, 2011). Research supports that EBP promotes high-value health care, including enhancing the quality and reliability of health care, improving health outcomes,.

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BIO120 Concepts of Biology Unit 2 Lecture Part One: Cell Biology Microscopy Cell Structure Osmosis & Diffusion In 1665, Robert Hooke was the first person to describe a cell, because no one ever had a lens powerful enough to see one. His first specimen was a piece of cork, the cells reminded him of little rooms (cella). Hence the name. Discovering Cells Microscopy Discovering Cells Discovering Microbes Modern Light Microscopes Cell Image Electron Microscope Size of Cells Cell Structure Osmosis & Diffusion Although Hooke was the first person to see a cell, Leeuwenhoek described the most cells in about 1683. He was first to see bacteria and other microbes, because his lens was 10 times more powerful than Hooke’s. Discovering Microbes Microscopy Discovering Cells Discovering Microbes Modern Light Microscopes Cell Image Electron Microscope Size of Cells Cell Structure Osmosis & Diffusion Most modern light microscopes can magnify objects up to 400 or 1,000 times the size of what you can see with the naked eye. Some light microscopes are dissecting microscopes, which have a lower magnification, but allow biologist to examine larger objects. Modern Light Microscopes Bright Field MicroscopeDissecting Microscope Microscopy Discovering Cells Discovering Microbes Modern Light Microscopes Cell Image Electron Microscope Size of Cells Cell Structure Osmosis & Diffusion This image shows uterine cervix cells, viewed through a light microscope. The cells were obtained from a Pap smear during a gynecological exam. The cells on the left are normal. The cells on the right are infected with human papillomavirus, which can cause cervical cancer. These potential cancerous cells are bigger and appear to be dividing. The cells are blue, because they have been stained to help see them better. Cell Image Microscopy Discovering Cells Discovering Microbes Modern Light Microscopes Cell Image Electron Microscope Size of Cells Cell Structure Osmosis & Diffusion Even more powerful than a light microscope is an electron microscope. Electron microscope uses electrons instead of light to form images and can magnify images 100,000 x. The top images shows the amazing details on an ant head. The lower image shows Salmonella infecting human cells. Electron Microscope Microscopy Discovering Cells Discovering Microbes Modern Light Microscopes Cell Image Electron Microscope Size of Cells Cell Structure Osmosis & Diffusion This image summarizes the sizes of cells and their components and what can be seen by the naked eye, light microscope, and electron microscope. Size of Cells Microscopy Discovering Cells Discovering Microbes Modern Light Microscopes Cell Image Electron Microscope Size of Cells Cell Structure Osmosis & Diffusion Cells can be classified as either prokaryotes or eukaryotes depending on whether a nucleus is present or absent. Prokaryotes are .

BIO120Concepts of BiologyUnit 2 Lecture Part One Cel.docx

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Bio-Assignment02: week two Term: 2019 Summer Assignment 2 Name: ___________________________ Time: _______________Total: _________ 1. True or False (i) Viruses contain either RNA or DNA as a genetic material. Answer:___________ (ii) Virus having an arthropod as vector or intermediate host is called arbovirus. Answer:___________ 2. Select the correct pair. Answer:___________ (a) Acidic amino acid - Arginine (b) Basic amino acid - Phenylalanine (c) Alcoholic amino acid - Threonine (d) Neutral amino acid – Cysteine 3. Which of the following is an example of polysaccharides? Answer:__________ (a) Sucrose (b) Maltose (c) Raffinose (d) Cellulose 4. Select the correct statement regarding nucleic acids. Answer:__________ (a) These are long chain micromolecules formed by polymerisation of nucleotides. (b) The backbone of a DNA strand is built up of deoxyribose and phosphoric acid groups. (c) The two DNA chains are identical. (d) RNA is Fuelgen positive. 5. The double stranded DNA has 15% of cytosine. The percentage of adenine in DNA will be: Answer:__________ (a) 35% (b) 30% (c) 45% (d) 70%. 6. A phosphoglyceride is always made up of : Answer:__________ (a) a saturated or unsaturated fatty acid esterified to a glycerol molecule to which a phosphate group is also attached (b) a saturated or unsaturated fatty acid esterified to a phosphate group which is also attached to a glycerol molecule (c) only a saturated fatty acid esterified to a glycerol molecule to which a phosphate group is also attached (d) only an unsaturated fatty acid esterified to a glycerol molecule to which a phosphate group is also attached. 7. In India, we find mangoes with different flavours, colours, fibre content, sugar content and even shelf-life. The large variation is on account of: Answer:__________ (a) species diversity (b) induced mutations (c) genetic diversity (d) hybridisation. 8. Select the correct chronological order of the evolution of man. Answer:__________ (a) Australopithecus → Homo erectus → Homo habilis→sapiens (b) Australopithecus →Homo habilis→ Homo erectus →sapiens (c) sapiens → Australopithecus → Homo erectus → Homo habilis (d) sapiens → Australopithecus → Homo habilis → Homo erectus 9. Essential Amino Acids. 10.Describe the mechanism of inheritance of ABO blood groups in humans. CHEM-Mid term test: Term: 2019 Summer Mid term test Name: ___________________________ Time: _______________Total: _________ 1. Choose the right answer: (2points each, 6 points) (1)Which of the substances below is not a compound? A. Sugar B. Water C. Chlorine D. Carbon dioxide Answer:_________________ (2)In the periodic a group of family is described as: A. Horizontal rows B. Diagonal rows C. Vertical columns D. None of the above .

Bio-Assignment02 week two Term 2019 SummerAssignment 2Na.docx

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Bio 105- Please answer 50-60 words each. 1. Human Exponential Population Growth Prior to 1950, the death rate was high, which kept the numbers of humans from increasing rapidly. In the 19th Century, the agricultural revolution increased food production. The industrial revolution improved methods of transporting food and other good. In the 20th Century, advances in medicine, sanitation and nutrition have decreased the death rates further. These factors combined to produce the rapid growth of the human population in the 20th century. Explain 4 factors ( inventions or public health measures) that decrease the death rates of infants and small children that lead to our exponential population growth. 2. Population Growth Problem “The world is characterized by scarcity and competition for limited resources. Further growth of either human populations or standard of living will be disastrous.” Think about this statement and decide if you agree or disagree with it and why. Note the either clause in the statement. What would be worse population growth or increases in the average standard of living? .

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Bill is a young professional who comes to you for help. He earns a very good salary (+$100,000) and is trying to figure out what to do with all his money. He has a checking and a savings account and no debt. He comes to you for help on how to handle his finances. How would you apply the principles outlined in Modules One through Three to help Bill with his finances? Paper needs to be based on the items attached to this assignment. Please do not request to do this paper without understanding the requirements. .

Bill is a young professional who comes to you for help. He earns a v.docx

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Bio 209, Dr. Fernandez.Name1.Your ability to .docx

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BIO 299 Pathology/Microbial-Environmental Interactions Paper You will pick a microorganism for your paper on pathology or microbe-environment interactions. The organism cannot be one of the ones your instructor goes over during lecture listed in the syllabus. Select a pathogen/microbe from current events that is an emerging or reemerging concern to you or people in your area. Provide local epidemiological data/statistics for the organism. Note this cannot be covid-19, Ebola, flu, clostridium botulinum, Hepatitis C, Anthrax, MRSA. These has been discussed already. Choose something in Africa or the US. Your paper must include: Introduction to the organism (structure, cell type, morphology, metabolic requirements, natural reservoir, history, etc.) Introduction to the disease(s) caused by the organism (epidemiology, signs, symptoms, etc.) OR introduction to the environmental impact of the organism List and describe factors employed by the organism to assist in its growth, reproduction, culture conditions, host/pathogen interactions and/or virulence. (e.g., nitrogen fixation, symbiotic interactions etc.) Categorize virulence factors by mechanisms of action (Immunity Avoidance, Tissue/Cell Lysis, Colonization/Spread) Discussion of treatment/prevention options for the disease(s) caused by the organism (Antibiotics or other chemotherapeutics given as part of treatment and their mechanisms of action, Vaccines available and type) The paper should be a minimum of 5 pages of relevant and informative material that covers all of the content and requirements listed below and in the rubric. The 5 pages does not include the title and reference pages. The paper should thoroughly inform the reader. APA format. This includes citations and references. Title page must have a title, student name, instructor name, course title, and date. No direct quotes; put information into your own words or paraphrase. Minimum of three (3) primary and at least two (2) secondary scholarly sources, plus any other references used. You also must include in-text citations. 1-inch margins Double-spaced 12 point, Times New Roman After uploading to Turnitin, your paper will be scored for similarity. Anything above 18% similarity should be worked on further and uploaded again before the due date. Over 18 % similarity and/or no references will result in an automatic zero on the paper. .

BIO 299 PathologyMicrobial-Environmental Interactions Paper.docx

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Bio 211 A. Student The allelopathic effects of the Pinus Rigada on Raphanus Sativus A. Student October 22, 2015 Georgia Military College Introduction In a garden, Raphanus sativus were planted near other vegetables that were considered “companion plants”, but the R. sativus plantwas not exhibiting any real growth. Overhead Eastern pitch pine trees (Pinus Rigida) were growing and knowing that pine trees typically exhibit allelopathic tendencies, determining whether P. rigida was to blame or whether there was another contributing factor was important in getting to the root of the problem. To discover if the P. rigida were possibly inhibiting the growth, a study was done to determine if there was any connection between the stunted growth of the R. sativusand the P.rigida. The primary goal of this study was to gather and analyze data on the effects of the P. rigida on the growth of R. sativus. This was done to determine whether P. rigida exhibited allelopathic traits towards the seeds of R. sativus. The R. sativus is a cultigen, meaning it has been altered by humans and is the result of artificial selection. They belong to the Brassicaceae family, which includes turnips (Brassica rapa), cabbage and relatives (Brassica oleracea) and horseradish (Armoracia rusticana). The name Raphanus refers to the radishes ability to rapidly germinate and is derived from the greek language: ra, meaning quickly and phainomai, meaning to appear. (Plants & Fungi) Allelopathy is the secretion of chemical substances by plants that inhibit the growth of a competing species. (Allelopathy) A study was done on Pinus halepinsus and the possible allelopathic effects of its needles. In growth chambers, plastic pots consisting of 6(g), 8(g), and 12(g) of pine needle tissue and screened perlite were used to perform this study. Three different physiological stages of pine needles were collected from the P. halepinsus; fresh, senesced, and decaying. The pots containing the pine needle tissue were then seeded with tall fescue, Bermuda grass, or oat at 20, 20, and 3 seeds per pot. The needles tissue of the P. halepinsus in the perlite substrate reduced growth and development of the tall fescue and Bermuda grass. This suggests that toxic chemicals were excreted through the pine needle tissue. Growth inhibition was dependent on the type of pine and the amount incorporated into the pot. From the results, it was concluded that inhibitory compounds were within the pine needle tissue and were more apparent in fresh needles than senesced and decaying needles. (Nektarios, 2005) The Eastern P. rigidia is from the same family of trees as P. halepinsus called Pinaceae. Being from the same family, it is possible that they exhibit the same allelopathic traits. The inhibited growth of the R. sativus may be caused from possible allelopathic effects of the pine needles from the P. rigidia. If radish (R. sativus) seeds are exposed to extracts from the pitch pine tree (P. rigidi.

Bio 211A. Student The allelopathic effects of the .docx

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Bill of Rights When the Constitution was completed in the summer of 1787, approval by representatives from nine of the thirteen states was needed for it to become the nation’s law. The issue of individual rights was managed—though this, too, created conflict among the Framers—with the addition of the Bill of Rights. Change was written into the supreme law of the land; since then, legal institutionalization of changes has occurred. Since the Constitution’s adoption, change has taken place through the amendment process identified in the Constitution. Change has also occurred under the direction of the branches of government established in the Constitution: the executive, the legislature, and the judiciary. Research The Bill of Rights is the first ten amendments to the U.S. Constitution. Review the Bill of Rights in your textbook and select one of the first ten amendments to research more thoroughly. Using the Argosy University online library resources, select at least three peer-reviewed articles about the amendment you have selected. Look specifically for articles that focus on current events or controversies related to the amendment and be prepared to summarize the content of each article. Annotated Bibliography Prepare an annotated bibliography of your research. Please read Annotated Bibliography.pdf for an overview on annotated bibiographies. Click here for an example of what an annotated bibliography looks like. Include the following: For each article, write details such as the article title, author name, journal title, and publication date. Write a summary of each article in 200–250 words. Write the conclusions you have drawn from research and your opinion in 1–2 paragraphs. Write a reference list of the selected articles in APA style. Write a 2–3-page annotated bibliography in Word format. Apply APA standards for writing style to your work .

Bill of RightsWhen the Constitution was completed in the summer of.docx

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BIO 10 Can Eating Insects Save the World? Due: Monday, Dec 10, 2018, 11:59pm (10 points) Instructions: · Watch the documentary (59 min): https://youtu.be/Acxbx-DUkL4 · Answer the 6 questions below. Copy and paste the entire section, including questions onto Canvas for submission. Short answer questions: Keep your answers to a few sentences each. #4 can be a little longer. 1) List and discuss the health benefits of eating insects. 2) List and discuss the benefit(s) to the environment. 3) List and discuss the impact(s) on the planet and the human population. 4) Can you think of some disadvantages of eating insects? Do a bit of research to verify your claim either way. Briefly present your evidence in support of your answer. 5) Are spiders insects? Explain. Running head: THE DIFFERENCES BETWEEN DATA AND INFORMATION Alajmi 1 THE DIFFERENCES BETWEEN DATA AND INFORMATION Alajmi 2 The Difference between Data and Information Jassim Alajmi Dr. Qudrat The Difference between Data and Information Introduction Most of the individuals have the belief that the term information and data are interchangeable and have the same meaning. Nevertheless, there exists a unique difference between the two terms. Data can refer to any character, word, text, or number and if it is not placed into context, doesn't mean anything or means very little to humans. Information may be in its context a data which is formatted in such a way allowing it to be used by people in certain vital situations. Understanding the differences between data and information is essential because it helps to eradicate the apparent confusion brought about by the application of the two terms in organizations and other relevant professions. Data Data refers to the grouping of details and facts such as figures, texts, symbols, observations, or merely descriptions of certain things, entities or events collected with the aim of creating inferences. It represents the raw facts which require processing to obtain the information which needed for action to be taken upon a given situation (Silverman, 2018). It is mostly known to entail such things as characters and statements, as well as numbers before undergoing refining by the individual involved in its extraction who in this case is known as the researcher. The word data is derived from the Latin word called datum which means something given. Data is therefore offered and provided by individuals involved in the survey process. Its concept is thus linked to the scientific research which included a collection of data and analysis before interpreting it to come up with the exact information regarding a given situation (Silverman, 2018). It is often gathered by several organizations, institutions, government departments as well as non-governmental agencies and bodies for various distinct reasons. Data exists in two major forms namely primary and secondary data. Primary data is that data which is gathered by researchers from .

BIO 10 Can Eating Insects Save the WorldDue Monday, Dec 10, .docx

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billy rich and Michael million are two very wealthy, elderly men. since neither of them have any heirs, they decide to give away all but $1 of their fortune before they die. billy Rich has $1,340,000 and is giving 1/3 of his remaining money away each year. Micheal Million has $980,000 and is giving away 1/4 of his money away each year. who will get down to their final dollar first: Billy or Micheal? how many years will it take each of them to give away their fortune? .

billy rich and Michael million are two very wealthy, elderly men. si.docx

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Billau ! 1 Alessandro Billau Dr. Daniel Cicenia CPO-2001 26 February 2019 Term Paper Proposal After carefully examining the syllabus and textbook the country of my choice in which I would enjoy conducting thorough research on is the nation of Turkey. The recent tensions flaring up in Syria, President Donald Trump is withdrawing U.S troops after he threatens to “devastate” Turkey’s economy if they attack Kurdish forces; leaving Turkey to worried the future of their national security. In such a country where religion and political turmoil merge it is close to impossible to predict the future of their actions. These events have sparked my interest in learning more about the political, economic, and social relations in Turkey. Istanbul is the largest city in Turkey which was once ruled by both Christian and Muslim empires. After World War 1, the Ottoman Empire sits defeated which led to the Turkish War of Independence in 1919 — leading to the overthrow and downfall of Sultan Mehmet VI Vahdettin. Next, the Republic of Turkey is founded by Kemal Ataturk, a national hero, later named as the first President of Turkey. On October 29, 1923, a new Turkish constitution replaced the constitution of the Ottoman Empire, forever marking the independence of the nation. In addition, using library databases from the State College of Florida will allow me to find books, magazines, and academic articles regarding the political sanctions enforced in Turkey. One of the things I would hope to learn during research assignment is not only how politics is done in Turkey but its relationships in regards to other countries. Finally, achieving approval for this paper will allow me to learn more about the political structure in Turkey. Billau ! 2 Outline I. Turkey A. How have social, economic, and political sanctions changed over time in Turkey? B. The purpose of this research paper is to learn more about the political, economic, and social relations in Turkey. II. Politics in Turkey A. Democratic parliamentary republic system B. Branches 1. Executive 2. Legislative 3. Judicial III. Political Situation A. Independence of Turkey B. Kemal Ataturk C. Justice and Development Party D. Foreign and domestic policy IV. Economic Situation A. Fiscal policy B. Globalization C. Debt D. Low and middle class V. Political Socialization A. Education B. Mass media C. Democratic future VI. Sources A. Santa Fe College Library databases 1. JSTOR a) Academic journals .

Billau ! 1Alessandro Billau Dr. Daniel Cicenia C.docx

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BIG DATA Prepared By Muhammad Abrar Uddin Introduction · Big Data may well be the Next Big Thing in the IT world. · Big data burst upon the scene in the first decade of the 21st century. · The first organizations to embrace it were online and startup firms. Firms like Google, eBay, LinkedIn, and Facebook were built around big data from the beginning. · Like many new information technologies, big data can bring about dramatic cost reductions, substantial improvements in the time required to perform a computing task, or new product and service offerings. What is BIG DATA? · ‘Big Data’ is similar to ‘small data’, but bigger in size · but having data bigger it requires different approaches: – Techniques, tools and architecture · an aim to solve new problems or old problems in a better way · Big Data generates value from the storage and processing of very large quantities of digital information that cannot be analyzed with traditional computing techniques. What is BIG DATA · Walmart handles more than 1 million customer transactions every hour. · Facebook handles 40 billion photos from its user base. · Decoding the human genome originally took 10years to process; now it can be achieved in one week. Three Characteristics of Big Data V3s ( Volume Data quantity ) ( Velocity Data Speed ) ( Variety Data Types ) 1st Character of Big Data Volume · A typical PC might have had 10 gigabytes of storage in 2000. · Today, Facebook ingests 500 terabytes of new data every day. · Boeing 737 will generate 240 terabytes of flight data during a single flight across the US. · The smart phones, the data they create and consume; sensors embedded into everyday objects will soon result in billions of new, constantly-updated data feeds containing environmental, location, and other information, including video. 2nd Character of Big Data Velocity · Clickstreams and ad impressions capture user behavior at millions of events per second · high-frequency stock trading algorithms reflect market changes within microseconds · machine to machine processes exchange data between billions of devices · infrastructure and sensors generate massive log data in real- time · on-line gaming systems support millions of concurrent users, each producing multiple inputs per second. 3rd Character of Big Data Variety · Big Data isn't just numbers, dates, and strings. Big Data is also geospatial data, 3D data, audio and video, and unstructured text, including log files and social media. · Traditional database systems were designed to address smaller volumes of structured data, fewer updates or a predictable, consistent data structure. · Big Data analysis includes different types of data Storing Big Data · Analyzing your data characteristics · Selecting data sources for analysis · Eliminating redundant data · Establishing the role of NoSQL · Overview of Big Data stores · Data models: key value, graph, document, column-family · Hadoop Distributed File System · H.

BIGDATAPrepared ByMuhammad Abrar UddinIntrodu.docx

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Big Five Personality Short Form This is an example of an individual self-assessment of personal styles. The sample questions below allow you to indicate your personal style on each of five global trait dimensions. There is no “right” or “wrong” or “good” or “bad” side to these dimensions; rather they help you identify your stylistic disposition and potential strengths. This is similar to finding out if you are left- or right-handed. Below each global trait is an example of personal style and three related questions with some on each of the poles. Openness Openness is the level of a person’s receptiveness to novel ideas, change, innovation, and new learning. On the continuum, this can be seen as preference for change on one end of the spectrum and preference for stability on the other. Preference for Change You value new learning, change, and innovation and find motivation in novelty, variety, and possibilities for improvement. New tasks and new learning are stimulating and attractive to you. Answer each of the questions listed below by marking the selection that best describes your present agreement or disagreement with each statement. Preference for Stability You value familiarity, predictability, and precedent, and find comfort in stability, routine, and tradition. New tasks and new learning may be uninteresting or demanding for you. 1. The idea of lifelong learning appeals to me. Strongly Agree x Agree Neutral Disagree Strongly Disagree 2. I find it fun to learn and develop new hobbies Strongly Agree Agree x Neutral Disagree Strongly Disagree Strongly Disagree Disagree x Neutral Agree Strongly Agree 3. I have difficulty understanding abstract ideas. Conscientiousness Conscientiousness is the factor related to one’s reliability, dependability, trustworthiness, and the inclination to follow norms and rules. Structured Orderly, organized, and predictable, you strive to work according to plan and obey the rules, and you expect others to do the same. Comfortable with established procedures and policies, you appreciate reliability and conscientiousness in those around you. Answer each of the questions listed below by marking the selection that best describes your present agreement or disagreement with each statement. Flexible Spontaneous, flexible, and adaptable, you strive to get results, by unconventional means if necessary, and feel restricted by rules and regulations. Comfortable with ambiguity, you appreciate originality and nonconformity in those around you. 1. I am very dependable and reliable in everything I do Strongly Agree x Agree Neutral Disagree Strongly Disagree 2. I like to keep everything I own in its proper place. Strongly Agree Agree x Neutral Disagree Strongly Disagree Strongly Disagree x Disagree Neutral Agree Strongly Agree 3. It is hard for me to keep my bedroom neat and clean. Extroversion Extroversion is a tendency to be outgoing, social, expressive, an.

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BIG IOT AND SOCIAL NETWORKING DATA FOR SMART CITIES: Algorithmic improvements on Big Data Analysis in the context of RADICAL city applications Evangelos Psomakelis12,Fotis Aisopos1, Antonios Litke1, Konstantinos Tserpes21, Magdalini Kardara1 and Pablo Martínez Campo3 1Distributed Knowledge and Media Systems Group, National Technical University of Athens, Zografou Campus, Athens, Greece 2Informatics and Telematics Dept, Harokopio University of Athens, Greece 3Communications Engineering department, University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain {fotais, litke, nkardara, tserpes, vpsomak}@mail.ntua.gr,[email protected] Keywords: Internet of Things, Social Networking, Big Data Aggregation and Analysis, Smart City applications, Sentiment Analysis, Machine Learning Abstract: In this paper we present a SOA (Service Oriented Architecture)-based platform, enabling the retrieval and analysis of big datasets stemming from social networking (SN) sites and Internet of Things (IoT) devices, collected by smart city applications and socially-aware data aggregation services. A large set of city applications in the areas of Participating Urbanism, Augmented Reality and Sound-Mapping throughout participating cities is being applied, resulting into produced sets of millions of user-generated events and online SN reports fed into the RADICAL platform. Moreover, we study the application of data analytics such as sentiment analysis to the combined IoT and SN data saved into an SQL database, further investigating algorithmic and configurations to minimize delays in dataset processing and results retrieval. 1 INTRODUCTION Modern cities are increasingly turning towards ICT technology for confronting pressures associated with demographic changes, urbanization, climate change (Romero Lankao, 2008) and globalization. Therefore, most cities have undertaken significant investments during the last decade in ICT infrastructure including computers, broadband connectivity and recently sensing infrastructures. These infrastructures have empowered a number of innovative services in areas such as participatory sensing, urban logistics and ambient assisted living. Such services have been extensively deployed in several cities, thereby demonstrating the potential benefits of ICT infrastructures for businesses and the citizens themselves. During the last few years we have also witnessed an explosion of sensor deployments and social networking services, along with the emergence of social networking (Conti et al., 2011) and internet‐of‐things technologies (Perera et al., 2013; Sundmaeker et al., 2010) Social and sensor networks can be combined in order to offer a variety of added‐value services for smart cities, as has already been demonstrated by various early internet‐ of‐things applications (such as WikiCity(Calabrese et al., 2007), CitySense(Murty et al., 2007), GoogleLatitude(Page and Kobsa, 2010)), as.

BIG IOT AND SOCIAL NETWORKING DATA FOR SMART CITIES Alg.docx

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Big Data Risks and Rewards (good length and at least 3-4 references everything in APA 7 format) When you wake in the morning, you may reach for your cell phone to reply to a few text or email messages that you missed overnight. On your drive to work, you may stop to refuel your car. Upon your arrival, you might swipe a key card at the door to gain entrance to the facility. And before finally reaching your workstation, you may stop by the cafeteria to purchase a coffee. From the moment you wake, you are in fact a data-generation machine. Each use of your phone, every transaction you make using a debit or credit card, even your entrance to your place of work, creates data. It begs the question: How much data do you generate each day? Many studies have been conducted on this, and the numbers are staggering: Estimates suggest that nearly 1 million bytes of data are generated every second for every person on earth. As the volume of data increases, information professionals have looked for ways to use big data—large, complex sets of data that require specialized approaches to use effectively. Big data has the potential for significant rewards—and significant risks—to healthcare. In this Discussion, you will consider these risks and rewards. To Prepare: Review the Resources and reflect on the web article Big Data Means Big Potential, Challenges for Nurse Execs . Reflect on your own experience with complex health information access and management and consider potential challenges and risks you may have experienced or observed. By Day 3 of Week 5 Post a description of at least one potential benefit of using big data as part of a clinical system and explain why. Then, describe at least one potential challenge or risk of using big data as part of a clinical system and explain why. Propose at least one strategy you have experienced, observed, or researched that may effectively mitigate the challenges or risks of using big data you described. Be specific and provide examples. By Day 6 of Week 5 Respond to at least two of your colleagues * on two different days , by offering one or more additional mitigation strategies or further insight into your colleagues’ assessment of big data opportunities and risks. Click on the Reply button below to reveal the textbox for entering your message. Then click on the Submit button to post your message. *Note: Throughout this program, your fellow students are referred to as colleagues. Michea Discussion ( in APA 7 format and at least 2-3 references) With the fast growing pace of technological advancement in the health care sector, daily operations of the institution helps generate millions of data that over time needs proper channels of transmission, storage, processing, assimilation and utilization. Following from the vast amount of data generated, some of its benefits includes but is not limited to functioning as a pattern discovery aid with relation to the amount of variance or similarity in .

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1. 150 words 1 reference within 5 years, in text citations a must and must match the reference. This is a response. Numerous factors have created significant challenges in the work environments of contemporary nurses. New advances in biomedical science, the growing need for improved disease prevention and management, integration of new clinical care technologies, cultural diversity and shifts in care delivery have all contributed to the rapidly increasing need for well-educated, experienced nurses (Holloway & Galvin, 2016). Collaboration within multidisciplinary teams fosters opportunities to address clinical problems and issues using various perspectives and expertise. Also, nurses can use research to shape health policy in patient care. Incorporating relevant research findings into clinical practice and evaluating effectiveness, helps close the gap between research and practice (Grove, Burns & Gray 2014). Research uses investigation, exploration, and discovery to understand the philosophy of science. The use of clinically relevant research can develop, refine, and extend nursing knowledge and strengthen their skills by utilizing evidence- base practices to provide patients with the best outcomes, provide safe nursing interventions and use accurate and precise nursing assessment measures ( Parahoo , 2014). Evidence--based practices (EBP) has impacted nursing practice, education, and science. Three primary goals of the Magnet Recognition Program are supported by research, evidence-based practice and quality improvement. Evidence-based practice is guided by research findings, quality improvement, and expert opinion to identify methods of improvement (

2. Parahoo , 2014). EBP uses the best evidence stemming from research and applies it to the clinical decision-making. EBP typically comes from systematic review, meta-analysis, or established evidence- based clinical practices. Other evidence comes from randomized controlled trials, quantitative studies, qualitative studies, and expert opinion and analyses. EBP integrates current trends, identifies assessment, diagnostic strategies and therapeutic interventions that reflect current evidence including data and research literature to the individualization of care with the inclusion of patient preferences (Grove, Burns & Gray, 2014).

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