Food Waste In Australia

Food Waste In Australia
The issue of food waste within Australia is a large issue. The issue this investigation focuses on is
the amount of food we waste as a nation and then formulating a conclusion to reduce the amount or
prevent the damages it is now causing.
The aim of the investigation is to determine why so much food is being wasted within Australia and
how bad is it affecting the environment we live in. This is a concern to the environment and to us as
civilians who are occupying the land. Money is being wasted on food that we as a nation are not
consuming. There are multiple ways that this could be reduced so why aren't we?
The questions that unpin the investigation are the following:
I. How much food is wasted in the Australian food and hospitality industry ... Show more content on
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Food waste causes a large amount of environmental issues. These are caused by the loss of natural
resources which are in the production of food.
Hospitality food waste has a major economic impact due to the cost of disposal and the profit loss
that's caused by throwing away the consumable and sellable food. Food that is wasted generally
goes to landfill. Organic landfill creates Methane which is a massive 25 more potent then carbon
dioxide. Most of the waste that's disposed is organic waste which creates methane.
Approximately 23 percent of Australia's greenhouse gas emissions were made by the national food
supply chain. Coal fired power stations come after them.
Natural resources are used in the production of produce, harvest, transport, process, packaging, and
the distribution of the product. A vast amount of water is particularly used in the growth of fruits,
vegetables, cereals, and grains and to support livestock. When food is wasted the energy and
resources used into producing those products are also wasted.
The negative environmental issues can't be stopped, however they can be reduced. There are several
solutions to waste problems but the first step is to reduce the amount being
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...

The Waste Of Hazardous Waste
Hazardous waste considered as an undesirable substance which characterized by ignitable,
infectious, corrosion, explosion and toxicity(Environmental Protection and Heritage Council, 2010).
It could be a solid, liquid, gasses, or sludges. It becomes dangerous to humans and the
environmental health whether not treatment, storing, transportation or disposal properly(Western
Australia Department of Environment and Conservation, 1996).
Scope of the report will be discussed,
1. Hazardous waste types.
2. The facility types.
3. What is the hazardous waste which receives by the disposal sites?
Objectives
1. To reduce the product of hazardous waste and induce the factories to reuse or recycle the waste.
2. How to handle with hazardous waste and treatment.
Sources
The sources of the report come from several sources as government and published articles,
Background
Hazardous waste is production by several factories, but a petroleum and chemical factories are most
famous factories which hazardous waste production. According to United States Environment
Protection Agency (USEPA), there are broad categories of hazardous waste. They are: Listed
hazardous waste and Characteristic hazardous waste(USEPA, 2005).
Listed waste, can be further classified into(USEPA, 2005):
1. F–list: Waste comes from nonspecific sources, as spent dissolvent, and electroplate wastes,
dioxins, the petroleum and hydrocarbons.
2. K–list: Waste from specific sources, such as pesticide, explosive makings,

Waste Of Food Waste
According to the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), food wastage, "food
produced and not eaten," emits enough greenhouse gasses (GHG) to be ranked third amongst global
emitters (FAO 2013, 6). In New York City (NYC) it is estimated that businesses "produce more than
650,000 tons of food waste annually" (Turso 2017). This specific food waste is classified as food
scrap, cooked food which is still edible, but no longer useful to the business due to a myriad of
reasons. Whatever the reason may be for the company, this tonnage of food has the potential and
possibility of being recovered for redistribution to food banks, soup kitchens, and other food rescue
organizations. For example, two of the largest organizations in NYC, City Harvest and Food Bank
NYC, will collect around 59 million and 24 million pounds in 2017 respectively, of
unprocessed/non–perishable food. This is equivalent to about 42 thousand tons or 6.5 percent of
annual food waste from scraps. Despite having warehouses, fleets of vehicles, and numerous
volunteers, two of the largest organizations barely make an impact on the total amount of food
rescued versus food wasted. There are usually three types of food categorizes when donating to a
food rescue organization; unprocessed, processed or cooked, and non–perishable food. These can be
placed into sub–categories for collection and distribution, such as "(i) fruits and vegetables (fruits,
vegetables, packaged salads, etc.), (ii) bread (bread,

The Problems Of Waste And Waste Management
What are the dilemmas with Waste or Urbanization and Farming? Before we can begin to discuss
this topic we first must look into the impact of waste and waste management, but more importantly
what types of waste we produce. Most people really do not care about the environment until it
impacts them or their family directly. How many times have you been driving down the road and
watch someone throw trash out the window. Think about what you thought at that very moment.
Now that you have the right mindset let's look into what waste we produce. Here are just a few
examples of the waste we humans produce; solid, nuclear, and waste from pathogens. Oh you
thought I was going to tell you about the stuff you throw into the trash can, not exactly. Let's define
waste, waste is "a sparsely settled or barren region, uncultivated land, a broad and empty expanse,
the act or an instance of wasting, the state of being wasted, loss through breaking down of bodily
tissue, gradual loss or decrease by use, wear, or decay, damaged, defective, or superfluous material
produced by a manufacturing process: as material rejected during a textile manufacturing process
and used usually for wiping away dirt and oil: scrap: an unwanted by–product of a manufacturing
process, chemical laboratory, or nuclear reactor: refuse from places of human or animal habitation:
garbage, rubbish: excrement, often used in plural sewage, material derived by mechanical and
chemical weathering of the

Targeting Waste Reduction
This campaign is likely to target house cleaners and office workers since they have numerous zero
waste strategies at their disposal.
House Cleaners
This group of people constitutes the largest percentage of this campaign's target audience. House
cleaners are given the responsibilities of doing laundry and general house cleaning activities. The
target audience for the campaign should also include house cleaning companies, which are often
contacted by busy house owners to do cleaning for them. Consequently, most of them are likely to
contribute toward the accumulation of wastes, which are generated during laundry work. Through a
well–planned social marketing, house cleaners can be empowered on how best to implement the
zero waste ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
They fail to understand that open windows are natural air fresheners. The new zero waste approach
encourages letting houseplants to freshen up the air in the house by absorbing toxins.
To save more power and time, this approach encourages washing clothes once in a week using green
(recyclable) detergents to minimize time and drier power expenses. Zero waste laundry also
necessitates utilizing as much cold water cycles as possible and drying garments on the clothesline
to avoid using an electric drier. House cleaners need this approach to avoid wastage of money as a
result of buying new cleaning tools and detergents. This is because the zero waste cleaning
technique encourages the use of homemade cleaning tools and detergents such as feather duster,
microfiber cloths, lemon, loofah, and even old toothbrushes. The homemade feather duster can be
efficient in speed dusting, while microfiber cloths are excellent in window cleaning. Loofah is a
plant that can be grown in the backyard and can be used for light scrubbing. On the other hand, old
toothbrushes can help in cleaning places that are hard to reach. All these strategies explain why this
fresh zero waste approach in needed in every household.
The zero waste approach also encourages the use of alternatives to disposable items, especially in
the kitchen. For example, paper towels need to be swapped with reusable rags. In addition, zero
waste approach encourages the use of

Toxic Waste And Hazardous Waste
Toxic wastes are a big problem what we are still facing today around the world. Most of this toxic
waste is affecting our water that people need to survive with. Drinking water is now dangerous in
certain parts of the world, and water is very essential to living. If they can't have drinking water,
how do we expect them to have water to clean them as well? With the toxic wastes being a big
controversy, we as a whole need to stand up and fix this problem for everyone. People only want to
take control when it is hitting home, with their neighbors and family and friends. What few have
failed to realize, it has been in our homes as well.
There is a difference between "toxic waste" and "hazardous waste" that many people don't know
about. People just categorize all negative aspects of waste as hazardous, even though neither one is
good for yourself or the environment. Toxic waste is when only the negative is digested or absorbed,
then in can be harmful to the body. This includes things that can cause birth defects, injuries, or
death to living organisms. While hazardous waste is when it is a solid, liquid, or gas that contains
one or more of these properties; reactive, can be ignitable, can corrode, or has toxicity and which
may have to be handled, stored, transported, and disposed of in a controlled manner.
According to the California Department of Toxic Substances Control, hazardous waste is described
as a waste that has substances in it that can make it harmful to human health

Food Waste In Canada
A growing issue about food waste is at hand in Canada, and citizens should seek methods in order to
reduce this. Personally I think people are blindfolded as to how much they are contributing to this
matter and the future consequences they may face. At the rate this issue is escalating it is affecting
the planet adversely, therefore efforts should be made by each individual. To reduce food waste, it is
necessary to be organized which could be done so by preserving, shopping better and visibility.
By preserving food into canisters not only is it kept organized but the amount of food being wasted
will subside. Typically during occasions there tends to be an extra amount of food arranged which is
trashed out in the following days to come. Instead

The Waste Of Waste Management Centres
As our global population continues on a steady rise so does our product consumption, which
naturally leads to an increase in waste production. The vast amount of waste that we are
manufacturing ultimately lands up in our oceans, lakes, rivers, alley ways, backyards and parks
creating what are known as garbage towns. This would introduce health risks to individuals and the
community as a whole. These risks could also include exposure to dangerous chemicals that poses
detrimental effects on the environment. To avoid this from happening governments have created
landfills. Landfills are a "place to dispose of refuse and other waste material by burying it and
covering it over with soil, especially as a method of filling in or extending usable land." (Webster
Dictionary). In an even more extravagant attempt to keep waste material out of the streets and non
biodegradable products out of the ground and keeping organic material together governments have
added recycling and composting plants to landfills to make waste management centres. In waste
management centres they may separate the material there and transport it to its respective plant, or
have the respective plants built in. We researched the effects and consequences of constructing and
operating a landfill in the north west area, there are various benefits and drawbacks of said waste
management centre. After weighing the pros and cons based on our specific region, we decided to
accept the idea of a landfill operating in our

Toxic Waste And Hazardous Waste
In the world that we live in today, it is unfortunate that we hear about people being exposed to
hazardous waste and think nothing of it. When any person is exposed to hazardous waste it is a
serious situation and it should not be ignored. Any type of contact with the waste could also expose
many people to life threating health problems. In this paper I will discuss what hazardous waste is
defined as, those who have been effected by it and the health problems that will come with being
exposed to hazardous waste.
Exposure to hazardous waste is dangerous because it may lead to severe health problems. Health
problems that are related to expose of hazardous waste are birth defects, reproductive issues,
respiratory conditions, heart diseases and most times cancer. There are many different types of
hazardous waste and in some cases it can be wastewater from factories that gets into the water
supply and food supple or even waste created by nuclear power plants, which by far creates the most
dangers types of hazardous wastes.
Hazardous waste could be defined as "any industrial by–product, especially from the manufacture of
chemicals that is destructive to the environment or dangerous to the health of people or animals."
(Dictionary.com, n.d) Similarly, according to the Environmental Protection Agency, "hazardous
waste is waste that is dangerous or potentially harmful to our health or the environment. Hazardous
wastes can be liquids, solids, gases, or sludges. They can be

Food Waste Of Food
A lot of things go to waste in this day and age; almost every country adds to this. There are needs for
people. That is understandable. However, the United States of America is possibly one of the biggest
contributors to waste in this world; this country dissipates a substantial amount of food, uses an
insane amount of water, and utilizes a significant amount of energy. The first of the wasted items is
food; this country allows a lot of food to go to waste. With the amount of people in this nation, a
large amount of food is needed. With all of that food, a sickening amount of it goes to waste.
According to an article from the EPA official website, "Every year in the United States,
approximately 31% (133 billion pounds) of the overall food supply is wasted" ("America's Food
Waste Problem"). This enormous quantity of food that goes to waste could be used to feed others.
On a side note, the FAO states that, "food waste creates 3.6 billion tons (3.3 billion metric tons) of
greenhouse gases annually, about 7 percent of the total greenhouse gas emissions worldwide"
("Food Waste"). This wasting of food just diminishes the amount of nourishment in the world,
allowing it to rot in landfills and create harmful gases. Some food that is wasted is just discarded
because of how it looks, though. For example, most people do not want to eat bruised fruit, but it is
completely safe. Furthermore, grocery stores might discard of unappetizing produce, or just let it go
to waste. One might argue that food thrown away is inedible and no one would want to eat it.
However, many things that people think of as waste can be reused and made into different things.
For example, from Research In Context, "Leftover bread can be turned into croutons, while
vegetable trimmings can be cooked into a soup" ("Food Waste"). There is almost always a way to
reuse things instead of wasting them; throwing away things that seem useless away is not the answer
to the problem of wasted food. Similar to wasted food, water is something that is taken for granted a
lot in this society. Most of the people in this country have never been without water, so they do not
ever think about how much they use, or what it would be like without it. For instance, the

Food Waste Essay
Food waste is a tremendous problem in the United States in which many people seek the solution
for. Leftover food is thrown into trash cans and dumpsters by the tons. Not only is food waste a
problem around the United States, but a problem on many college campuses. There are many
students, professors, and campus organizations continuously studying and searching for the most
effective way to reduce the amount of waste that students contribute to the overall waste statistics of
the country. A simple and effective way to reduce food waste on campuses, specifically Concordia
College, is making students aware of the topic of food waste, the sustainability of the food service
facility, and how to improve their wasting habits. According to ... Show more content on
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Colleges such as Colby College, in Waterville, Maine, are implementing strategies that will help
lower their contributions to the United States' food waste statistics. Colby College uses a practice
they call "just–in–time" cooking. This idea will enable the college to prepare all of the food, but to
not cook the food until it is needed; therefore allowing it to be served at another time. Many other
colleges have proved the effectiveness of this idea (Bloom 248–249). This strategy would be
beneficial at Concordia since dining services often cook more food than needed. Furthermore, this
idea would eliminate the excessive amount of food prepared at Concordia.
There are other food waste strategies proving to be significantly effective. Going "trayless," is
limiting students to taking only as much food as they can fit on a standard sized plate or to the
amount they are willing to carry, rather than overloading their trays with food they most likely will
not finish. This is not to say that students are forced to eat less, but in turn will only grab food they
know they will want to eat. Saint Joseph's University has cut waste in half after introducing the
trayless idea. Other campuses have reported that removing trays has resulted in a 20–50 percent
waste reduction. Removing trays also reduces water and energy usage. The University of North
Carolina at Wilmington estimates that each tray

Food Waste
Hunger is one of the key problems in the world today. Not just in small portions of the world, but all
over. Americans today rely on our food system and take the amount of food we have for granted.
What Americans aren't realizing, is that every piece of food we throw away, a child is starving
somewhere else. Not only are we wasting the food we buy, but 40 percent is just going to waste.
Newsweek, Bonnie Tsui, magazine publisher says, "Forty percent of all food is never eaten, and this
rejection of "ugly food"–the misshapen or imperfect produce that gets thrown out before it ever hits
the supermarket display–is a major contributor to food waste." Americans have too many options
when it comes to picking out their produce. If it doesn't look clean enough, they choose another one.
America wastes a ton of food every day, instead of focusing on which produce looks better to eat,
we should be focusing on cutting down the amount of food we waste and saving money. Will our
issue with food waste ever change? What is a solution to changing the amount of food we waste a
year? School today are teaching kids that it is okay to dispose any leftover food we don't finish.
Jonathan Bloom an author of American Wasteland and creator of the blog "Food Tank" says, " Every
day, we're teaching kids that food is trash. We ensure that they throw it away by providing support
grub in a rushed lunch period at times of the day when they won't be hungry." Kids are starting to
believe at such a young age

Construction and Demolition Waste
Briefing Paper: Construction and Demolition Waste
Construction and demolition waste (CDW) is a significant issue in New Zealand. Teo and
Loosemore (2001) maintain: "Levels of waste within the construction industry need to be reduced
for environmental and economic reasons. Changing people's wasteful behaviour can make a
significant contribution" (pp.741). This paper defines the CDW issue, significant stakeholders,
relevant ethical theories and costs.
CDW has increased as construction volumes have risen generally, and following natural disasters.
For example, the Canterbury Earthquakes generated a major increase in CDW. "Major damage to
buildings, rock falls and landslips, liquefaction and major infrastructure damage has left an
estimated $7.1 billion [Earthquake Commission] EQC bill," says Mackenzie (2011 pp.33). The
Canterbury Earthquake Recovery Authority (CERA, n.d.) estimated 8 million tonnes of CDW.
CERA (n.d.) points to the construction industry and local authorities working together to find and
quickly implement new solutions for recycling or reusing waste.
More generally, Level Organisation (2013) noted that demolition and construction processes are the
most significant producer of waste as opposed to other stages of buildings' lives. Much CDW is seen
to be preventable: "Most of this dumping of construction waste is unnecessary – it has been
demonstrated that simply by sorting waste, at least half of it could be diverted from landfills" (Level
Organisation, 2013).

waste management
A MID SEMESTER REPORT
ON
AN OVERVIEW OF WASTE MANAGEMENT
BY
PANDIT HARSH 2010A4PS176U
AT
Lucy Switchgear FZE
Dubai, UAE
A Practice School – II station of
BITS PILANI, DUBAI CAMPUS
Dubai International Academic City, Dubai
UAE
(AUGUST 2013– JANUARY 2014)
A MID SEMESTER REPORT
ON
An overview of waste management
BY
Pandit Harsh 2010A4PS176U Mechanical engineering
Prepared in Partial Fulfillment of the
Practice School – II Course
AT

Lucy Switchgear FZE
Dubai, UAE
A Practice School – II station of
BITS PILANI, DUBAI CAMPUS
Dubai International Academic City, Dubai
UAE
(AUGUST 2013– ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
8 3.1.3 Temporary solutions 8 3.1.4 Reducing plastics waste 9 3.1.5 Advantages of recycling plastics
9 3.1.6 Disadvantages of recycling plastics 10 3.1.7 Plastics fact files 10
3.2 Disposal of wooden scraps 11 3.2.1 What is currently being done? 11 3.2.2 Temporary solution
11 3.2.3 Advantages of reducing wooden waste 12
3.3 Disposal of cardboards 12 3.3.1 What is currently being done? 13 3.3.2 Temporary solution 13
3.3.3 Why reduce/reuse cardboards? 14 3.3.4 Why not to recycle cardboards? 14
3.4 Disposal of metal scraps 15 3.4.1 Nesting/punching scrap 15 3.4.2 Copper scrap 15 3.4.3 Others
scrap 15 3.4.4 Zinc scrap 16 3.4.5 Stainless steel 16 3.4.6 Brass 16 3.4.7 Metal facts 18 3.4.8
Benefits of using iron/steel 18
3.5 Disposal of general waste 19
3.6 Technical solutions 20 3.6.1 Compactor for GW 20 3.6.2 Bailing machine for cardboards 21
3.6.3 Bailing machine for plastics 22 4. Conclusion 23 4.1 Reduce 23 4.2 Reuse 23
5. Future scope 24
5.1 Drinking water solutions 24
5.2 Forklift magnet 25

Waste Of Food Waste
The United States creates an immense amount of waste every year. The United States lacks in its
ability to teach its population about waste management. Consequently, the average American is
remarkably wasteful. Americans are wasteful as they throw away a substantial amount of food every
year, they use unnecessary amounts of fresh water, and waste electricity. Americans waste a vast
amount of trash annually. The World Wildlife Foundation states, "About 1.3 billion tons of food are
wasted each year–four times the amount needed to feed the more than 800+ million people who are
malnourished" (World Wildlife). Americans waste over one billion tons of food because they are
uneducated on consequences of throwing away food. For example, the harmful gases that are
produced when food decomposes or even letting others go hungry. Not only does wasting food
affect others, it can affect oneself as well. The NRDC states, "Americans discard 40 percent of the
food supply every year, and the average American family of four ends up throwing away an
equivalent of up to $2,275 annually in food" (Huffington Post). Many Americans throw away their
household foods because they are too busy to cook it. Also, Americans tend to buy their food in
bulk, causing a majority of their food to perish. Author Jennifer McClellan states,"Sixty percent of
people in the Johns Hopkins study said they threw away food out of a desire to eat the freshest
foods" (McClellan). Americans buy fresh ingredients because

Food Waste Essay
ICAM– 401
Food waste project.
Name – Ashvini Thanthrimudali
Student number– 300908825
Food waste is a world–wide issue facing the human race since the middle ages and it is a shame for
human kind and for the environment. In the world, 1/3 of the annual food productions ends up in the
trash. That billion tons of food is enough to feed 12% of the world population 4 times and it is
billions of money simply thrown away. In North America every year each person wastes 498 of
square metres of arable land. In Canada we throw away 40% of food we purchase. Canadians waste
27 billion on food for a year. The average Canadian house hold spends $7300 on food for a year. It
is most because it doesn't appeal to Canadians. Over 30% of produce ... Show more content on
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Using all products we have, storing it better, having proper meal plans are some simple steps we can
take to change this factor of food waste. As chefs, we have a huge responsibility to use our creativity
and use all our abilities to minimize and prevent food waste such as using ingredients or parts of
ingredients that people don't like to make beautiful creations. We should ne able to focus on the ugly
carrots and misshaped vegetables that are always rejected from people who buys goods from the
stores. We should always keep track and minimize the food we throw out each day in the restaurant.
We should think about the products we use and really try to make a change in this food system.
Lettuce wraps with mango slaw
Ingredients –
Lettuce cut in the shape of cups
Shrimp
Peanut sauce
Diced mango
Diced cucumber
Napa slaw
Seasonings as needed
Lettuce cups with mango slaw is a personal favourite dish of mine. It is very popular in fine dining
restaurants because of its nutrient value and its kind of a fancy thing to order. Most of the fine dining
restaurants in Canada use iceberg lettuce for this recipe. And they cut it in a cup shape so you get
cups can hold the slaw. But the rest of the lettuce is thrown away. Even for the mango slaw there are

some places which they cut the mango in small and perfect dice or batons the fact that the mango is
a round fruit half of that is thrown away too.
So, what can we do about it? When thinking

The Importance Of Food Waste
Through the innovation of technology, mankind has been able to create great, and extraordinary
feats of nature. Taking the smallest indesirable object, then constructing it into a skyscraper or the
smallest most powerful computer. Also through the process of innovation we humans have almost
completely mastered the art of mass manufacturing products making our daily needs and wants
readily available to us. The food industry is a one of many examples of this mass manufacturing
evolution, going from food being made over camp fires to being made in huge factory pumping out
fathoming quantities of product. With this evolution comes the downfall of waste. Food waste is not
always avoidable but in some cases the waste is necessary as some things are not safe for
consumption after undergoing certain processes. But no matter the waste product some form of use
should be found for the seemingly invaluable waste product or a way to reduce unnecessary food
waste. Food waste is a huge problem most americans are completely oblivious too. According to a
United states department of Agriculture report, 133 billion pounds of food went unused in 2010.
While animal products like meat and dairy being towards the top of the list, added up to $105 billion
of wasted food.( Waste Not, Want not 26) While worldwide about one third of all food produced is
either lost or gone to waste which adds up to about 1.3 Billion tons of waste. To put into a better
prospective 1.3 billion tons is

Essay On Food Waste
Food Waste
If someone in the U.S buys 90 watermelons, how many of those watermelons will he throw away by
the end of the week? According to organizations like the Food and Agricultural organization, one–
third. Now 30 watermelons out of 90 are already is a wasteful example, but when considering the
effect of the total amount around not only in the U.S but most developed countries food waste, it's
an insane and ridiculous amount of loss. The effects of food waste have huge impacts, not only for
the fact that the food being waste isn't being provided to people in need, but it is also both a
financial problem and environmental issue. A lot of organization trying to teach households how to
reduce or even stop food waste, some have ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Amazon acquisition of Whole Foods will have some effects on the market, as prices are projected to
go down. Now that $218 billion food waste number might drop, but will the actual food waste drop?
It's too early to tell; it will be most likely to cause more people to uncontrollably buy more food than
what they need because they can now afford more with their budget. Amazon will stir up the food
market, just like it stir up all another market it competes with, and those effects could decide if food
waste could be cut or will be increased.
Now losing money is bad, but losing this planet is worse, as food waste contributes to the second
largest cause of climate change, methane. According to One Green Planet, even though carbon
dioxide, the leading cause of climate change, out numbers methane molecules 5–1, methane
molecules tend to trap 100 times more heat than carbon dioxide. Trapping more heat makes methane
a worse long–term challenge than carbon dioxide as their effects last longer, defeating climate
change will require more patients, something not everyone has. The Atlantic Ocean got a record
number of a catastrophic number of hurricanes that caused not other by climate change, and not only
devastated multiple cities, to islands like Puerto Rico, but it also left them with no electricity as it
destroyed their infrastructure.
Food waste is causing

The Waste Of The Uk
Waste in the UK
Tianyi Shi
Abstract:
The main purpose of this report is to highlight the issues of waste in the UK by giving three relative
and reliable figures. As environmental problems are becoming more serious, how to reduce and
dispose of waste has increasingly concerned the government. This research, based on the Direct
Material Input and Domestic Material Consumption in the UK from 2000 to 2013, the comparison
of waste arising in different sectors in the UK from 2004 to 2012 and local authority collected waste
management in England from 2000/01 to 2014/15, shows that some government strategies are
working but more needs to be done.
Introduction:
The definition of waste is ' any substance or object which the holder discards or intends or is
required to discard ' (UK. Department for Environment, Food and Rural, 2012). Unlike other EU
countries having a large amount of waste such as Bulgaria, the UK has a comparatively less amount
because practical strategies and policy for waste management were implemented effectively. In
recent years, the amount of waste has decreased slightly due to stable change of it in construction
sector which is the major producer of waste in the UK and is defined as 'construction contracting
industry, provision of construction related professional services and construction related products
and materials' (UK. Department for Business Innovation & Skills, 2013). In spite of this, waste put
into landfill has reduced rapidly. Long time is

Food Waste Essay
There is no clear description regarding food waste in a universal matter either historically or
presently, making it perplexing in definition and comparison. What is clear is that food waste
continues to grow at a rapid pace with the expansion of a world population experiencing societal and
agricultural developments in an era where land and other resources are becoming more limited. The
increase in waste and category of foods which people throw away has transformed with time
through the advancement and evolving of varying cultures. The French labeled "Garbage"
specifically as food waste and later broadened the term in applying to refuse in general. The first
hunter–gatherer societies picked and killed what they needed to survive, wasting ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
However, the issue will require attention soon enough when addressing the 70% food production
increase mandatory in feeding the estimated world population of 9.3 billion by 2050 (United
Nations, 2011).
The USDA claims that each year, 25.9 million tons of America's food is thrown away, the equivalent
to a quarter of the total amount produced. Nationally, the wasted food is a damaging financial
setback, amounting to $1 billion just to get rid of during a time of ascending food prices,
nonetheless (Oliver, 2007). Food waste has skyrocketed since 1970 at an astonishing 50% increase
rate, yet according to the FAO, one–sixth of America doesn't get enough to eat. The University of
Arizona's "Garbage Project" study approximates the number closer to 50% when calculating in the
27 million tons thrown away by supermarkets, restaurants, and convenient stores alone adding up to
an additional $30 billion. Retailers refuse to report their waste in compliance with company policy
and food is sent to compactors where it becomes unusable and ends up in landfills. Globally, the
FAO has declared approximately one–third of the world's entire food supply produced for consumer
consumption (1.3 billion tons) is wasted annually (Buzby & Hyman et al., 2012). Jean C.
Buzby describes the entire lifecycle of food (including food waste) having "negative externalities
that arise throughout the

Food Waste In Food
There is a lot of food waste going on around us. Most of it goes to waste right under our noses from
super markets and farms. In this paper I will go over how much the USA (United States of America)
waste in food vs how much the UK (United Kingdom) wastes, how we can fix our waste habits, the
impact on us/ cost of the waste, and how to make people aware of the waste that is going on. The
UK wastes a total of "14.3 million tons of food per year" (Yeung) which makes you wonder how
much does the USA waste? We know that Europe wastes a lot of food but how much does the USA
waste? "Well the USA waste about 60 million tons per year" (Chandler) Now that is equal to about
"165 billion dollars per year" (Reuters) and that's a lot of money to waste on food when we can use
it for other things. But with the UK wasting almost a fourth of what the USA is wasting which is sad
because in "Europe the UK is the highest country to waste food" (Yeung). So, the USA waste 4
times that of the UK which is a lot of food and that food ends up in garbage dumps where it will rot
or get eaten by scavengers. The only positive to that is that we are feeding wild animals that are
smart enough to get into a garbage dump. Now why does this food get put into dumps? Well its
simple and that is its reaching the best by date or looks unappealing to display. The USA needs to
reduce the amount of food it is wasting because that food is putting a negative effect on the
environment and is taking up space. Now there

Benefits Of A Solid Waste
Beginning on October 20, I started carefully assessing my daily routine and documenting my
activities in regards to my production of solid waste, carbon emissions, and use of fresh water.
During those two weeks, I collected data and examined how I could help reduce my overall
ecological footprint and use of environmental resources through propositions, research, and online
calculations.
Solid Waste
Current Routine:
During the week, I begin my day by walking to Mean Greens cafeteria for breakfast. I am provided
with the dishes for my meal, which are all reusable and therefore I do not contribute any waste in
regards to those. I do however use multiple napkins during my meals. Often, I threw away all the
napkins I took, including the ones I did not use. I only used two of the five napkins I got every meal.
I also left food scraps on my plate, which were thrown away and contributed to compost solid waste.
I also go to Mean Greens cafeteria for lunch and dinner and have similar habits when it comes to
how much solid waste I produce during those meals. On average during one week I throw out 30
napkins and an estimate of two pounds of food. Under circumstances where I cannot make it to the
cafeteria to eat and I need quick and easy access to food, I get fries from Chik–Fil–A. This usually
happens twice a week on Tuesdays and Thursdays before my environmental science class. I get two
large fries in a to go bag, which are all thrown away after I am done eating. I drink three

The Waste Of Waste Production And Generation
1. INTRODUCTION
As the rate of urbanization and industrialisation in India has gone up so has the rate of waste
production and generation. As per the report of CPCB 2012, India generated 127485.107 MT/Day
out of which 70 % is collected, rest are lying either on the roads or water body. The waste collected
is inadequate to reuse, recycle or generate it for the energy due to its mixed character, lack of
financial constraint and competence of the municipal body.
As a result the inadequacies occurred in the management will cause littering of the waste on the
sides of the roads, open dump sites, water body, any depression etc. These activities induce
unhygienic conditions and degradation of the environment.
1.1 INFORMAL SECTOR
The waste ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The informal recycling sector is highly skilled at identifying waste with a potential value, and
locating customers within certain markets (Nzeadibe, 2009). The composition of solid waste
produced, and therefore available to recycle, depends on dietary habits, culture/traditions, lifestyle,
climate and income status of the community where the waste is produced (Damghani et al., 2008).
The recyclable materials most frequently targeted are plastic, paper and cardboard, metal scrap
(aluminium, steel, tin), glass, PET bottles, rubber, wood and textiles.
The level of earning generated depends upon the degree of the waste that can be recycled. The more
the virgin the material the more would be the value of its selling for recycling. So if the waste is
directly extracted from the source stations its value would be more than the waste from the dump
site.
The sector faces problem regarding the social acceptance by the government as well the public. In
the process of collecting the waste this sector also prone to many health risks.
1.2 INTEGRATED SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT
Informal sector plays vital role in segregation and recycling of solid waste and this sector has been
working from the long ago. But giving them dignity, identity for their work is always explicit in
Indian legislation. In the year 2000, the Municipal Solid Waste (Collection and Handling) Rules
mandate urban local body for waste

Waste Generation and Need for Waste Management
GEOGRAPHY WASTE GENERATION AND ITS MANAGEMENT DEFINATION OF WASTE
DEFINATION OF WASTE
Waste, or rubbish, trash, junk, garbage, depending on the type of material or the regional
terminology, is an unwanted or undesired material or substance. It may consist of the unwanted
materials left over from a manufacturing process (industrial, commercial, mining or agricultural
operations,) or from community and household activities. The material may be discarded or
accumulated, stored, or treated (physically, chemically, or biologically), prior to being discarded or
recycled. It is also used to describe something we use inefficiently or inappropriately. ... Show more
Some solid waste can also be converted to a liquid waste form for disposal. It includes point source
and non–point source discharges such as storm water and wastewater. Examples of liquid waste
include wash water from homes, liquids used for cleaning in industries and waste detergents.
Solid type:
Solid waste predominantly, is any garbage, refuse or rubbish that we make in our homes and other
places. These include old car tires, old newspapers, broken furniture and even food waste. They may
include any waste that is non–liquid.
Hazardous type:
Hazardous or harmful waste are those that potentially threaten public health or the environment.
Such waste could be inflammable (can easily catch fire), reactive (can easily explode), corrosive
(can easily eat through metal) or toxic (poisonous to human and animals). In many countries, it is
required by law to involve the appropriate authority to supervise the disposal of such hazardous
waste. Examples include fire extinguishers, old propane tanks, pesticides, mercury–containing
equipment (e.g, thermostats) and lamps (e.g. fluorescent bulbs) and batteries.
Organic type:
Organic waste comes from plants or animals sources. Commonly, they include food waste, fruit and
vegetable peels, flower trimmings and even dog poop can be classified as organic waste. They are
biodegradable (this means they are easily broken down by other organisms over time and turned into
manure). Many people turn their

The Problem Of Food Waste
There are billions of people struggling every day to have enough to eat, and billions of tons of food
being tossed in the garbage, food waste is gaining increasing awareness as a serious environmental
and economic issue. Research shows that about 60 million metric tons of food is wasted a year in
the United States, with an estimated value of $162 billion. About 32 million tons of it end up in
landfills, at a cost of about $1.5 billion a year to local government this economic crisis is
worldwide! My research estimates that a third of all the food produced in the world is never
consumed, and the total cost of that food waste could be as high as $400 billion a year. The food
discarded by retailers and consumers in the most developed countries would be more than enough to
feed all of the world's hungry people, but it is not just those countries that have problems with food
waste, it is also an issue in African countries like South Africa. The problem is expected to grow
worse as the world's population increases, unless actions are taken to reduce the waste. Food waste
is not only a social cost, but it contributes to growing environmental problems like global warming,
experts say, with the production of food consuming vast quantities of water, fertilizer and land. The
fuel that is burned to process, refrigerate and transport it also adds to the environmental cost. Most
food waste is thrown away in landfills, where it decomposes and emits methane, a potent
greenhouse gas.

Waste Management
Municipal waste is disposed of in three different ways. As of 2004 it is estimated that 71 percent is
land filled, 16 percent incinerated, and 13 percent recycled. Other wastes that have to be disposed of
are nuclear and hazardous wastes. The environmental effects of different waste management
solutions will be discussed as well as ideal ways, in my opinion, to dispose of different forms of
solid wastes. Landfills are the most commonly used form of disposing wastes today. It is also a form
of disposal that causes many environmental impacts that are in need of addressing. A major effect of
landfills is Leachate, a contaminated liquid that percolates through the waste in a landfill and
probably the most addressed issue. This ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
I say this because according to EPA.gov, paper contributes to 40 percent of a landfill's contents. This
staggering statistics lead to my long– term solution in handling waste. The government should enact
a law that makes it mandatory that all Americans must recycle their newspapers. This step alone will
reduce the amount of garbage that goes into our landfills by 13 percent (Epa.gov). A department
should be created to check for improper disposal of newspapers and provide hefty fines for
Americans that do now want to obey this law. It may seem strict but the overall benefits of this
enactment would outweigh the initial cry of Americans that feel that this proposal is unfair. After
this program has been implemented and the bugs worked out successfully the government should
keep adding materials to the "mandatory recycling lists". To think that if we could get a 100%
recycling rate of paper, that would be a 40 percent reduction of waste disposal that goes into our
landfills. Another aspect of recycling that should be focuses on is the pay–as–you– throw program
utilized in many cities today. Factors plaguing every American adult are economic issues because
every American strives to survive economically in this world. The pay–as–you–throw program
directly affects a consumer's wallet by charging for the amount of waste a consumer disposes of.
This program would make Americans more waste conscience. My idea to expand this program is
rewarding

The Waste Of Food Waste
Every day I sit at lunch and watch person after person throw away perfectly good food. Even I am
guilty of throwing away food I did not want or food I was "too full" to possibly eat. Someone will
take a container of yogurt or a sandwich out of their lunch bag, decide they don't want it, and
proceed to toss it into the black, wheeled trash cans. All that runs through my mind when I witness
and experience these wasteful habits is that people don't understand how much perfectly eatable
food faces the trash can every day. Food waste does not only occur in schools, food waste occurs in
multiple environments, such as restaurants, grocery stores, and every day households. Food waste
comes in all different forms as well, whether it is whole containers of salvageable snacks or scraps
of food capable of utilization as compost. People don't completely understand the ample amounts of
food wasted every day, every month, and every year. Because of this lack of awareness and
knowledge, the government should provide educational programs regarding food waste and teach
alternative disposal methods, such as composting or recycling, to the general public. The
government should also instill food waste prevention programs to make sure people aren't throwing
away perfectly good food because of reasons such as excess shopping or large meal portions. Food
waste tracks back all the way back to Ancient Troy, where people would often throw food and other
forms of waste on the floors of numerous public

The Waste Of Waste Management
Society today revolves around consumption and advancement; we are always eager to buy the latest
things on the market, then trash them when its too outdated. Our consumer habits over the years has
changed our environment and created large landfills that have no end. Garbology, by Edward
Humes, exposes the issues pertaining to trash, that society chooses to ignore and informs us on how
we are the problem and solution. The book first highlights Puente Hills, the largest landfill in
America, located in Los Angeles, California. There was a lot of debates on towards Puente Hills
because although the landfill had controversy from citizens and politicians, it was a primary source
for trash disposal. The owner Big Mike, admires the landfill calling it a work of art, but realized that
the landfill imposes a lot of danger to us and our environment. Methods such as burying, burning,
and using trash as energy supply has been tested to reduce the amount of trash in landfills.
Companies such as Waste Management Inc. (largest trash company) was responsible for dealing
with trash and landfills, but failed to emphasize recycling and reusable materials, which increased
our landfills. Many suggested power plants and moving our trash to other locations by train, but
those proposals had more cons that pros and became short lived.
The major social issues presented was over consumption that led to large landfills, overuse of
plastics, and trash in our oceans. Society as a whole face all these

Food And Food Waste
Food waste has become of great concern throughout recent years. It is estimated that 50 percent of
all globally produced food is wasted. (Barthel, Macnaughton, & Parfitt, 2010). Contrary to this,
there are 42.2 million people who live in food insecure homes in America alone (USDA, 2015).
How do people go hungry when there is so much food that is just being wasted? To know this, it is
important to first understand why food is being wasted.
The idea to consume beyond normal levels of need comes from various environmental factors, some
of which trick people psychologically. For example, larger plates, portion sizes, and unportioned
servings have lead people to consume more than what is ideal (Ledikwe, Ello–Martin, & Rolls,
2005). The ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This lead the rats that had consumed junk food to become addicted to it in the same way as a drug
addiction would occur (Avena, Radal, & Hoebel, 2007). From this study, one can conclude that
those who consume junk food often are more likely to become addicted to it and overeat, creating
over consumption of nutrient–poor foods in lower–income persons. Location is another factor that
plays into this. Those that live further from grocery stores with fresh produce are more likely to shop
at convenience stores that contain more processed food and less fruits and vegetables (Inagami,
Cohen, Finch, & Asch, 2006). This also plays into the overconsumption of processed foods among
low–income individuals, confining many in more impoverished areas to less than adequate stores
with limited options.
Society can't accuse consumers of 100 percent of the overconsumption problem, certain institutions
can also be condemned for their unethical behaviors. For centuries, companies have become
extremely efficient in attracting customers to their product or service. Marketing is often identified
as a major promoter to the declination of our environment in regards to overconsumption. In a
recent focus group, people were asked why they consume more than they need. An overwhelming
response pinned the blame on marketing and it was clear that the focus members were very critical
of marketers (Heath and Chatzidakis, 2011). Every which way one turns, they will see

Electronic Waste Essay
Electronic waste comes in many different forms such as old computers, old cell phones, broken
household equipment and machinery, and much more. The main categories for electronic waste or
"e–waste" are ICT and telecommunications equipment, office electronics, large and small household
appliances, consumer equipment, leisure equipment, lighting, medical equipment, automatic
dispensers, monitoring and control instruments, and batteries (ayubmacharia.com). From these
different types of e–waste, there are many different toxic substances that can escape from them in
numerous different ways. The principal toxic substances that are contained within electronics
include zinc, nickel, lead, barium and chromium (allgreenrecyling.com). When these harmful
chemicals are sitting in landfills, they can be spread by leeching into our groundwater, or being
released into our air when warmed up. Many landfills exist in third world countries, meaning that
billions of tonnes of electronic waste each year are sent to these countries. The toxins contained
within the e–waste are then released into the atmosphere, and can even end up in products being sent
back to first world countries to be merchandised. There are many adverse effects of the different
toxic substances held within e–waste. Firstly, zinc is a very common substance within our
environment, it is present within many different foodstuffs as well as within drinking water. Zinc is
not harmful in small concentration but with current levels

Food Waste Analysis
There is a lot of talk about how America has the largest amount of food waste per year but there is
not much being done to fix the matter. Action needs to be taken now for the sake of everyone.
Aseaward from Cuboulder Sustain Food quotes S.R. Nina from an article in the libraries of
Colorado that "the United States wastes approximately 1.3 billion tonnes of food each year, which is
equivalent to 40% of our total food produced (Nina, 2010)." Due to the millions of people starving
every day and the bad effects that it has on the environment, food waste needs to be stopped.
There are other nations that are taking action towards this controversial issue of food waste.
American government needs to start taking action like the European Union and France. In Aaron
Hutchins article he gives insight on what a man named Arash Derambarsh, who was a law student
who did not have very much spending money each month after paying rent. Hutchins ... Show more
It is very unhealthy for everyone. In the article "Global Biomethanation Potential From Food Waste"
written by Adam Juma Abdullah Gudo and M. Singarvelu, the authors talk about the effects of food
waste. The authors state that "in the early 1990´s anaerobic digestion of bio–waste mixed with grey
wastes were similar, about 100 000 tons/year for each, while bio‐waste treatment has been
prevailing in recent years, reaching levels of 900 000 tons/year in 2001" (Gudo and Singarvelu 8).
Just in ten years the amount of food waste increased about 800,000 more tons a year. This has had a
great impact on the environment and it only continues to get worse. All of society needs to take
personal accountability and not rely on someone else to start making a change. If it is too much to
make a public announcement, then everyone just need to start with themselves to help reduce food
waste. Yes there may be other aspects that affects the environment, but it needs to be

Food Waste Essay
Reduce, Reuse, Recycle
Through the innovation of technology, mankind has been able to create great, and extraordinary
feats of nature. Taking the smallest indesirable object, then constructing it into a skyscraper or the
smallest most powerful computer. Also through the process of innovation, we humans have almost
completely mastered the art of mass manufacturing products making our daily needs and wants
readily available to us. The food industry is one of many examples of this mass manufacturing
evolution, going from food being made over campfires to being made in huge factory pumping out
fathoming quantities of product. With this evolution comes the downfall of waste. Food waste is not
always avoidable but in some cases, the waste is necessary as some things are not safe for
consumption after undergoing certain processes. But no matter the waste product some form of use
should be found for the seemingly invaluable waste product or a way to reduce unnecessary food
waste. Food waste is a huge problem most Americans are completely oblivious too. According to a
United States Department of Agriculture report, 133 billion pounds of food went unused in 2010.
While animal products like meat and dairy being towards the top of the list, added up to $105 billion
of wasted food. ( Waste Not, Want not 26) While worldwide about one–third of all food produced is
either lost or gone to waste which adds up to about 1.3 Billion tons of waste. To put into a better
perspective 1.3

Waste Of Food Waste
Envision the intriguing aromas and aspects of all the delectable, appetizing, and savory foods the
world has to offer. Now imagine those foods being taken, scarcely eaten, and then banished to a life
in the trash thereafter, where they cannot be consumed anymore. Now proceed to think about all of
the resources, time, effort, and money that goes into producing food, it all would have been for
nothing. Discarding edible food leads to billions of dollars of food lost, along with creating
additional trash. Consumers can do simple things to create less food waste. The United States alone
wastes enormous amounts of food. According to Rethink Food Waste Through Economics and Data
(ReFED), a "nonprofit think tank," for the amount of food in the United States that is wasted or lost,
the "total economic value" is "estimated at $218 billion" ("Food Waste"). Not just thousands, but
billions of dollars worth of food wasted. Along with this, ReFED says "retailers, manufacturers, and
government food agencies can save 400,000 tons of food and $1.8 billion annually by standardizing
date labels on food products" ("Food Waste"). This shows how doing something as simple as
changing food labels can save tons of food.
Most food is wasted in homes because of various reasons like for example, "improper storage,
mistaken or unnecessarily strict interpretation of expiration dates, and poor meal planning,
purchasing, or cooking practices" ("Food Waste"). Not only does food waste money on an economic

IESI : The Waste Of Waste Abuse
IESI is planning to expand the the landfill located in Scotland, Pa (Greene Township). The
expansion would increase the volume from 1,700 tons to 2,000 tons a day and its tonnage from
2,000 tons to 4,000 tons. The expansion would also increase the lifespan by 7 ½ years. It would not
increase the size of the landfill, the residents in the area are not happy with this. They are afraid
there is going to just by a mountain of waste piled on top of each other. That is why us at eh
Mountain View reclamation in Greencastle,Pa would love to take some of their trash off of their
hands. Our facility is already expected to have a lifespan of another 23 years based off of an
expansion that we had already done in 2009. We currently have a maximum ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
If we adapt this into our landfill, we would be able to repurpose some of the waste for the
community and save our self some money with fuel. That in turn could save customers money. It is
also a great way to keep the environment safe.
We would like to make another expansion with our landfill, not to improve the lifespan but to
improve the amount waste that we would be able to collect. IESI landfill, as stated before, is already
taking in the majority of the waste, so why add to that? Let us expand and be able to increase a
maximum total tonnage a day to help the county out. If we expand than there would be two major
sites for waste to be disposed of in. Along with that, it would become more regulated and controlled
because the bulk of it is not sent to just one site, it would be distributed. I think that by splitting the
waste between the two of us, the community would win in the end.
Those of us here at Mountain View Reclamation center want to give back to our community in more
than just waste collection and renewable energy. We want to turn the landfill into a park at the end of
its lifetime. A landfill in Staten Island, New York is currently doing this and we would model our
process after there's(Jacobs,2016). It would take several years for it to become functional, but it has
the potential to be a beautiful park. When we reach the end of the landfill's lifespan will we will cap
the garbage and shape into hills, covering it in six layers of

Waste In America
Decreasing the rate of food waste in America
Name (Shea palmer)
Capstone Research Paper
Language Arts Teacher: Ms.Brayak
Career Technical Teacher: Mr. Miller
April 28, 2016
From farm to table getting our food and produce to the consumer is a tricky task. Even with all the
planning millions of food ends up wasted a year. Many steps are already taken to reduce the amount
of food being wasted but are they enough? In America alone 200 to 250 pounds is wasted per person
per year! According the world resources institute "32 percent of the world's food was never
consumed in 2009".
Food waste has an immense negative effect on our economy and even our environment. Our
environment is taking a hit from all the extra greenhouse ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
Work time money and energy is being sacrificed for no reward and most of the time is a huge loss to
the producer. Food portion sizes in American restaurants have mostly been getting larger since the
1970s. Restaurants use larger portion. Larger portions make customers more willing to buy and in
turn they cannot finish the whole meal. This trend toward larger sizes causes more food waste when
customers are unable to finish a meal and also contributes to obesity and over eating of food.
Americans also tend to leave a lot of food behind in restaurants according to the world resource
institute we do not finish our food about 17 percent of the time while 55 percent of the time our
leftover are not taken home. In the United States three commonly seen terms are "sell–by," "best if
used by," and "use–by" none of which are required by the federal government. These dates all refer
to food quality or the flavor of the food instead of food safety, a measure of whether or not the food
could potentially cause illness when eaten. However, consumers often view all of these dates as
being a measure of food safety.104 So while food that has passed its "sell–by" date might be less
desirable than newly–purchased food, it is often still entirely safe to eat. This misperception may
lead consumers to throwaway edible food they believe is no longer safe to eat. All this waste and
there are thousands of people in America alone who go hungry every

The Consequences Of Waste In Henry Thoreau's Food Waste
Every year the planet loses 30 percent of its food, which is an astonishing 1.4 billion tons. This issue
is faced by every developing and developed countries in the world. Food waste continues to grow at
a rapid pace as population increases. The numerous causes of food waste occur at the stages of
production, processing and retailing. Food waste is a highly critical issue that affects the world and
many should understand the consequences this issue has on the environment. In Henry Thoreau's
"Where I Lived and What I lived For" essay, depicts that living small is the key to happiness. He
became close to nature and valued it. He emphasizes that one can change their lives and awaken to
the earnest possibilities of everyday life if they become nature. One of the main ideas in the essay is
that having an excessive amount of things does not make one happy.This can be applied to food,
many purchase more than they can consume. Thoreau wants readers to value nature and understand
how our actions will affect us in the future. This links to food waste because more land is needed to
produce food; which consequents in forests that are killed, to produce larger amounts of food that
will be wasted. One of the country's that produces the most food and wastes the most food is the
United States. A major reason is because food is cheaper in the United States than anywhere else in
the world. Fruits and vegetables have the highest wastage rates of any food. The obsession with the

Solid Waste
CICM SLU NSTP 7003 PROJECT PROPOSAL GARAGE SALE FUND RAISING
Supervising Instructor: Mr. Arsenio Pascual
SCHOOL OF ACCOUNTANCY AND BUSINESS MANAGEMENT
PROJECT PROPOSAL I. PROJECT NAME: GARAGE SALE FUND RAISING II. VENUE:
SAINT LOUIS UNIVERSITY MARY HEIGHTS CAMPUS, BAKAKENG III. TERM AND
DATE: MIDTERM, SHORT TERM 2016 IV. PROJECT PROPOSAL OF: NSTP–CWTS 1 12:00–
1:30 M–S 7003 V. PROJECT PROPONENTS: 1. NSTP Coordinator 2. Project Supervising
Instructor 3. Assigned Students Of The School Of Accountancy And Business Management VI.
PROJECT RATIONALE 1. CONCERN: The students are in need of more trash bins since garbage
is increasing. A clean surrounding would be for the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Garage Sale is an informal event for the sale of goods by private individuals, in which sellers are not
required to obtain business licenses or collect sales tax though in some jurisdictions, a permit may
be required.
Typically the goods in a garage sale are unwanted items from the household with its owners
conducting the sale. The conditions of the goods vary, but they are usually usable. The items are
displayed to the passers–by or those responding to flyers, classified ads or newspaper ads.
Popular motivations for a garage sale are for cleaning, moving or earning extra money. The venue at
which the sale is conducted is typically a garage, at a driveway, carport, and front yard or inside a
house.
Items typically sold at garage sales include old clothing, book, toys, household decorations, lawn
and garden tools, sports equipment and board games. Larger items like furniture and occasionally
home appliances are also sold
Garage sale will be conducted with the end goal of raising funds to support the extension service of
NSTP. Students currently enrolled especially those taking up their NSTP subjects will be requested
to support this endeavor. The students will benefit from this fundraising activity as their continuing
active participation and involvement in the garage sale can hone their entrepreneurial skills.

VII. OBJECTIVES: * To raise the level of awareness among NSTP students about littering, waste
segregation and

Concrete And Hazardous Wastes : An Evaluation Of The...
Table of Content Pages
I Introduction 1
1.1 Background
1.2 Concise Statement of the Problem
II Presentation of the Issues and Relevant to Solid and Hazardous Wastes 3
III Relevance to Public Health 6
IV Discussion 7
4.1 Discussion of Applicable Laws
4.2 Control Strategies
V Conclusion 10
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background
Waste is the residues produced by the activities of human. It is the same product which is been used
by man but becomes waste due to its loss of value (McDougall et al., 2001). Waste, according to
their physical state, can be classified into solid, liquid and gaseous waste (LaGrega et al., 2010).
EPA (2001) defined Solid waste as " any garbage, refuse, sludge from ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Environmental pollution can be summarized as any substance or material present in the environment
that has the ability to cause damage to human health or the environment (Briggs, 2003). Solid waste
pollution has economical, sociological, environmental (Rahardyan, et al., 2003; Kupchik and Franz,
2012) and public health effects (Gaby, 1981; Rushton, 2003; Hamer, 2003). The pollution may be
caused by lack or inadequate management and/or inappropriate means of waste disposal (LaGrega et
al., 2010).
Nigeria is reported to be the largest nation in West Africa and Africa's most populous country.
Bordered by Benin, Cameroon, Chad, Niger and the Atlantic Ocean, it is located at Latitude 4o to
14o N and longitude of 2o to 15oE, covering a total area of 923,768 square Km (World Atlas, 2014).
With a population of 123.9million, 43% of the people reside in the cities. Lagos is the second
fastest–growing city in Africa and the highest populated city in Nigeria with a total of 5.2 million
people (Abiodun, 1997). Due to the urbanization, there has been an influx of people in the city and
problems such as lack of houses, influx of automobile, and environmental problems surfaced (Aina,
1989; Oketola and Osibanjo, 2009). Inappropriate disposal of waste from households poses one of
the biggest problems associated with the high population in Lagos. Poor road access, inappropriate
disposal, lack of proper management of infrastructure, and inadequate management of solid waste
have a negative

E Waste Or Electronic Waste
Technology is everywhere and is obsolete. It has become a necessity in modern times but what
happens to those products if they were replaced? Where do they go? These never–to–be–used again
products are called E–waste. E–waste or electronic waste is referred to any kind of electronic device
that have been discarded or devices that have been thrown away. They are also known as one of the
fastest and great contributor to garbage streams that greatly impacts the planet due to its hazardous
effects on both the environment and living creatures.
Where does e–waste come from?
Technology has become a necessity in the daily lives of consumers. Thanks to industries, these
electronic products (technologies) have become faster, more advanced, and more ... Show more
In figure 2, it shows that countries with higher GDP produce more E–waste. United States and
China have the highest GDP ($17, 419.0 and $10, 360.1) and both countries also have the highest
number of e–waste produced (7072 and 6033 kt). Although, even if the population of a country is
higher, that doesn't necessarily mean that higher e–waste will be produced. In figure 3, it shows that
there is no correlation between the number of population and number of e–waste generated in each
country. Why does higher population not necessarily mean higher e–waste? That's because not
everyone in that country may be able to buy technology. People in those countries may be poor and
e–waste generation is related to the amount of individual's income. Figure 4 suggests that electronic
waste produced is related to the income of consumers meaning the amount of e–waste produced is
increasing with the buyers' individual wealth a.k.a purchasing power.
Why should we recycle electronic wastes? Three reasons: Economics benefits, public health
benefits, and environmental benefits.
Economics Reasons:
Electronics wastes have a ton of valuable materials (see table 6), can provide jobs, provides better
opportunity for scarce elements to strive before they completely run out, metals can be recovered
(see table 8; metals recovered from recycling 1 million

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