A Context Model For Evaluating Trust In Decentralized Web Communication

1. Thesis Defense Presentation
Contextual Analysis For Trust Evaluations
By ConTED
Presented By Md Tajul Islam ( Matrikel-Nr: 618595 )
Examiner Prof Dr.-Ing. Martin Gaedke
Advisor Valentin Siegert
Distributed and Self-organizing Systems Group

2. Salvi, C., Iannello, P., Cancer, A., McClay, M., Rago, S., Dunsmoor, J. E., & Antonietti, A. (2020, December 4). Going Viral: How Fear, Socio-Cognitive Polarization and Problem-Solving
Influence Fake News Detection and Proliferation During COVID-19 Pandemic. Frontiers. https://doi.org/10.3389/fcomm.2020.562588
Here’s Another Kind Of Review Fraud Happening On Amazon. (2018, May 29). BuzzFeed News. https://www.buzzfeednews.com/article/nicolenguyen/amazon-review-reuse-fraud
MISINFORMATION - Nevada Minority Health and Equity Coalition. (n.d.). Nevada Minority Health and Equity Coalition. https://nmhec.org/misinformation/
Trust Alert

3. Travel Agencies
Review websites
Hotel Websites
Let's Book A Hotel

4. List of Challenges
Data can be compromised
Data can be incomplete
Sources can be unreliable
Trust is subjective

5. Thanks to ConTED
Use Content Trust
Implement Content factors
Require Contextual analysis
Context &
Criticality!

6. Resource Data
Interection Partner
C
Behaviorial Analysis
ConTED Flow
Context &
Criticality
Trust
Environment
Trust
Evaluation
Content Analysis
Trust Aware
Decision
C
Context Analysis
Trust
Evaluation

7. Introduction
Problem Statement
Interested Factors
Problem Importance
Expected Solutions

8. Requirements
Decentralization
Contextual Analysis Time
Need of Human Action
Context Scale

9. Requirements Rating
Decentralization - Central Authorities or Infrastructure dependency
Context Analysis Time - Compared to beforehand calculation
Need For Human Action - Requirement of Human Action
Context Scale - How fast ConTED can use the context

10. Previous Work
Defination of Context
Context Catagory
Context Model
Comparison

11. Context
Where
Who
What
User Environment
Computing Environment
Physical Environment
Abowd, G. D., Dey, A. K., Brown, P. J., Davies, N., Smith, M., & Steggles, P. (1999). Towards a Better Understanding of Context and Context-Awareness. Handheld and Ubiquitous Computing,
304–307. https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-48157-5_29
Gwizdka, J., What's in the context?. Computer Human Interaction CHI2000.
Brown, P., Bovey, J., & Xian Chen. (1997). Context-aware applications: from the laboratory to the marketplace. IEEE Personal Communications, 4(5), 58–64.
https://doi.org/10.1109/98.626984
B. Schilit, N. Adams and R. Want, "Context-Aware Computing Applications," 1994 First Workshop on Mobile Computing Systems and Applications, Santa Cruz, CA, USA, 1994, pp. 85-90, doi:
10.1109/WMCSA.1994.16.

12. Location
Identity Time
Activity
Context Catagory
Primary Context
Secondary Context
Context Toolkit: Salber, D., Dey, A. K., & Abowd, G. D. (1999). The context toolkit. Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems the CHI Is the Limit - CHI
’99. https://doi.org/10.1145/302979.303126
Classroom + Cyber Guide: Abowd, D., Dey, A. K., Orr, R., & Brotherton, J. (1998, September). Context-awareness in wearable and ubiquitous computing. Virtual Reality, 3(3), 200–211.
https://doi.org/10.1007/bf01408562
Teleport: Brown, M. G. (1996). Supporting User Mobility. Mobile Communications, 69–77. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-34980-0_8
Responsive office: Elrod, S., Hall, G., Costanza, R., Dixon, M., & Des Rivières, J. (1993, July). Responsive office environments. Communications of the ACM, 36(7), 84–85.
https://doi.org/10.1145/159544.159626

13. Context Model
User Environment
Computing Environment
Physical Environment

14. Context Vaiables
Using GPS,
Camera, and
Sensor data
To better
understand the
surroundings
Making real-
time context-
aware
decisions
based on user
environment
Extract More
Combine
Analyze
Decision
Weather
Objects
Location
Time
Activity
Mixing up for
new
information
User Environment
N. Ryan, J. Pascoe and D. Morse, “Enhanced Reality Fieldwork: The Context-Aware Archaeological Assistant,” Proceedings of the 25th Anniversary Computer Applications in Archaeology, 1997.”

15. Context Sources
Provide
customize
behaviour and
services.
Processing
Distribution
Middleware
Computing Environment
Processing the
raw data
Using the
contextual
information
Decision
User input
Sensors
Network data
Distributing
contextual
information
Ellebak, K. A survey of context-aware middleware. In Proceedings of the 25th Conference on IASTED International Multi-Conference: Software Engineering, Innsbruck, Austria, 13–15 February
2007; ACTA Press: Innsbruck, Austria, 2007

16. Physical Environment
To identify
patterns,
trends
Extraction Integration
Provide
customize
behaviour and
services.
Processing
GPS location
Time of day
Activity level
Zhou, X., Ren, Z., Sheng, Q. Z., & Vasilakos, A. V.,” Context-aware computing for smart and connected health”, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics, 2018.

17. User Environment
Decentralization
User Environment
Contextual Analysis Human Action Context Scale
Computing Environment
Physical Environment
-
-
-
Comparision
-
-
-

18. Contexd ConTED
Context
A Hybrid Model
Works for decentraliazion
web
Use weighted context
information
Express context with a set of
context scale

19. 3
4
1
2
Verification of the
communication or
resource url
SOURCE
Identification of the
sender or receiver
information
IDENTITY
Pulication or
modification
timestamp
TIME
Purpose or usage of
the communication
or resource
USE
Contexd

20. Contexd BPMN diagram
Contexd Component Diagram
Contexd Diagrams
Context Scale
Identity Source
Use Time

21. Distribuation of initial weight
Formula for weight calculation
Identity Source Use Time Weight
0.5 0.5 1 1 0.8
0 0.5 1 1 0.45
Contexd Weighting
40%
30%
20%
10%
= Weighted average of primary context information
Wi
= Initial weighted primary context information
Ci
= Value of the context information, [0,1]
Wp
User Environment
Identity
User Environment
Source
User Environment
Use
User Environment
Time

22. Context Scale Rating
Formula for Context Scale Rating
0.8 0.1 1 0.7778
0.45 0.1 1 0.3889
User Environment
User Environment
User Environment
General
Context
Intermediate
Context
Contexd Scale rating
0.55 - 1
0.25 - 0.54
0 - 0.24
CSr
= Context Scale Rating
Wp
= Calculated average weight
CWmin
= Nonzero minimum weight used by any context information
W = Sum of all initial context information weight
General
Intermediate
Critical

23. https://vsr.informatik.tu-chemnitz.de/projects/2020/atlas/
Demo

24. Feasibility Analysis
Contexd Analysis
Scalability Analysis

25. Contexd Runtime
The number of agents remains constant
Scenario size and number of exchange messages
change from 5 to 250
The number of exchanged messages remains
constant
Scenario size and number of exchange messages
change from 5 to 250
The number of agents, scenario size and number of
exchange messages change from 5 to 250
The number of agents, scenario size, and number of
exchange messages change from 5 to 250
Test Run A
Test Run B
Test Run C

26. Contexd fulfillments
Decentralization
User Environment
User Environment
Contextual Analysis Human Action Context Scale
Computing Environment
Physical Environment
-
-
-
Contexd
-
-
-

27. Agent (A) has no information related to identity, source,
use, and time. In case it has, the information is not
authetic or biased.
Agent (A) has little information related to identity,
source, use, and time. This information is mixed up with
valid and invalid details.
The number of agents, scenario size and number of
exchange messages change from 5 to 250
Scenario ACC1
Scenario ACC2
Agent (A) has enough information related to identity,
source, use, and time. All the information is either
incomplete or not valid.
Scenario ACC3
The number of agents, scenario size and number of
exchange messages change from 5 to 250
Agent (A) has enough information related to identity,
source, use, and time. All the information is complete
and valid.
Scenario ACC4
Contexd Accuracy

28. Future Work
Adaptability in extraction process
Improvement in scenarios
Calculation of weight
Increasement in scenario size

29. Thank you!