A brief study on testicular functioning

1.  ENDOCRINE GLANDS
 Sub Topic:-TESTES
Made BY:- DR .Syeda Bibi Aamena , B.U.M.S.
DR.ABDUL HAQ UNANI MEDICAL
COLLEGE,KURNOOL

2.  INTRODUCTION OF TESTES
• Testes-are the male
Primary sex organs.
• Ovoid or walnut shape.
• Suspended in a sac like Structure called
Scrotum.
• Has Weight about:-15-25g , Length:-4-5 cm,
diameter:-2-3cm.
Fig 1.1.TESTES

3.  ANATOMY:-
• Each testes enclosed by 3 covering
1.Tunica vasulosa
2.Tunica Albuginea
3.Tunica Vaginalis
• Parts of testes
>seminiferous Tubules
>Rete Testes
>Vas Efferens
>Vas Deferens
>Ejaculatory Duct
>Urethra
fig 1.2

4. FIG 1.3-PARTS OF TESTES

5.  FUNCTIONS OF TESTES:-
• Testes perform two functions:
* Gamatogenic Function-Spermatogenesis
* Endocrine Function-Secretion of Hormones
• Production of male gamate i.e , Sperm [spermatozoa] referred as Spermatogenesis.

6. FIG 1.4:SPERMATOGENESIS

7.  ENDOCRINE FUNCTIONS OF TESTES:- >SECRETED
FROM ANTERIOR PART OF PITUITARY GLAND.
 Hormones Secreted by Testes:
 Androgens Secreted by testes are:
1.Testosterone.
2.Dihydrotestosterone.
3.Androstenedione.
 Testosterone Secretion in different periods of life:
Testosterone secretion starts at 7th week of fetal life. Fetal
testes begins to secrete testosterone at about 2nd to 4th month of fetal life. This
secretion from testes is stimulated by human chorionic gonadotropins,
secreted by placenta.
But in childhood, practically no testosterone is secreted
aprx .until 10 to 12 yrs of age. Afterwards ,testosterone secretion starts and it
increases rapidly at onset of puberty. This secretion again decreases after 40
yrs and becomes almost zero by the age of 90
yrs……………………………………………................

8. Fig 1.5.Testosteron level in different ages.

9.  FUNCTIONS OF TESTOSTERONE
• Testosterone performs three functions in fetus:
1.Sex differentiation.
2.Development of accessory sex organs.
3.Descent of the testes.
• Functions in Adult life:
1.Effects on sex organs.
2.Effects on secondary sexual characters.

10. FIG 1.6.MECHANISM OF HARMONES

11.  APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY.
• Many conditions that can affect the testes and some also shows its affect due to hormone
levels.
1.Hydrocele:-It happens-excess fluid-around one of testicles.
2.Testicular torsion:-Here testes has rotated in scrotum. This can wind
up spermatic cord which leads cutting of blood supply, nerve function and sperm transport to
scrotum.
3.Orchitis:-Swollen or inflammed testicle.
4.Hypogonadism.
5.Hypergonadism.
6.Cryptorchidism.

12. o HYPOGONADISM:FIG1.7

13. • HYPOGONADISM SHOWS ITS AFFECT DEPENDING ON
AGE.
 Infants:-The genetalis cannot be clearly male or both sets of genitalis present.
 Teenegers:-Have symptoms like,
>Lack of muscle development.
>No voice deepening
>Little growth of body hairs
> Unusual arm and legs growth than resting.
 Adults:-Have symptoms like,
>Lack of fertility
> Loss of body hairs
>Growth of breast tissue
>Loss of bone density.

15. o HYPERGONADISM.
FIG1.9

16. o CRYPTORCHIDISM.
FIG1.10

18. • THANK YOU

19. presented by:-
DR. Pathan Sumera Faryal Khan ,
B.U.M.S.