general power plant working

1. Power plant engineering
Chapter 1

2. THERMAL POWER PLANT

3. INTRODUCTION
In India 65% of total power is generated by the Thermal Power Stations.
Yamunanagar Thermal Power Project i.e D.C.R.T..P.P(Deen Bandhu
ChotuRam Thermal Power Plant) is a project of Haryana Power
Generation Corporation limited (HPGCL). It is situated at village Kalanor
In Yamunanagar. Its total capacity is 600 MW as at present with two
units working with capacity.
Having two unit of 2 x 300 MW = 600 MW

5. Boiler.
Furnace.
Turbine.
Super Heater & Re- Heater.
PA,FD & ID Fan.
Cooling Tower
MECHANICAL DESIGN

6. FUNCTION HELD IN PLANT
1.COAL FLOW
2.STEAM FLOW
3.WATER FLOW
4.ASH HANDLING

7. OPERATIONAL FEATURES
INSIDE THE POWER PLANT

8. BOILER
DRUM
2
3
5
1
6
4
LPH
DEARATOR
HPHAPH
COAL
OIL
FURNACE
DRAFT
SH RH
ECONO-
MISOR
BFP
CRH
CEP
CHIMNEY
FD FAN
HRH
GENERATOR
CONDENSOR
HPT
LPT
IPT
HOT SEC AIR
COLD AIR
TO PA FANS
ID FAN
PA FAN MILL

9. S.HEATER
R.H.
I.P L.P
condenser
H.P
STEAM FLOW

10. WATER FLOW
D.M.
PLANT
ECONOMIZER
B
O
I
L
E
R
C
O
N
D
E
N
S
E
R
HOT WATER
COOL WATER
B.F.P
STEAM
COOLING
TOWER

11. TURBINES AUXILIARIES
•VACUUM SYSTEM:-
CONDENSER
EJECTORS
CW PUMPS
CONDENSAT DEAERATORE SYSTEM:-
CONDENSATE EXTRACTION PUMPS (CEP)
LP HEATERS
DEAERATOR

12. FEED WATER SYSTEM
HIGH PRESSURE HEATERS
BOILER FEED PUMP (BFP)
FEED REGULATING STATIOIN
DRIP & DRAIN SYSTEM

13. BOILER & IT’S ACCESSORIES
•BOILER DRUM
SUPER HEATERS
AIR HEATERS
SUPRING LOADED SAFETY VALVES
PRIMARY AIR CYCLE
IGNITERS
ECONOMIZER
SUPER HEATERS
REHEATERS

14. Diesel engine power plant

15. Diesel engine power plant

16. Diesel engine power plant

17. TURBINES: Machines to extract fluid power
from flowing fluids
Steam Turbine Water Turbines Gas TurbinesWind Turbines
Aircraft Engines
Power Generation
•High Pressure, High Temperature gas
•Generated inside the engine
•Expands through a specially designed TURBINE

18. GAS TURBINES
• Invented in 1930 by Frank Whittle
• Patented in 1934
• First used for aircraft propulsion in 1942 on Me262 by
Germans during second world war
• Currently most of the aircrafts and ships use GT engines
• Used for power generation
• Manufacturers: General Electric, Pratt &Whitney, SNECMA,
Rolls Royce, Honeywell, Siemens – Westinghouse, Alstom
• Indian take: Kaveri Engine by GTRE (DRDO)

19. PRINCIPLE OF OPERATION
• Intake
– Slow down incoming air
– Remove distortions
• Compressor
– Dynamically Compress air
• Combustor
– Heat addition through
chemical reaction
• Turbine
– Run the compressor
• Nozzle/ Free Turbine
– Generation of thrust
power/shaft power

20. Advantages and Disadvantages
• Great power-to-weight
ratio compared to
reciprocating engines.
• Smaller than their
reciprocating
counterparts of the same
power.
• Lower emission levels
• Expensive:
– high speeds and high operating
temperatures
– designing and manufacturing gas
turbines is a tough problem from
both the engineering and materials
standpoint
• Tend to use more fuel when they
are idling
• They prefer a constant rather
than a fluctuating load.
That makes gas turbines great for things like transcontinental jet aircraft and power
plants, but explains why we don't have one under the hood of our car.
IIT, Kanpur
PROPULSION LAB, DEPARTMENT OF AEROSPACE ENGG.

21. Emission in Gas Turbines
•Lower emission compared to all conventional methods (except nuclear)
•Regulations require further reduction in emission levels

22. Needs for Future Gas Turbines
• Power Generation
– Fuel Economy
– Low Emissions
– Alternative fuels
• Military Aircrafts
– High Thrust
– Low Weight
• Commercial Aircrafts
– Low emissions
– High Thrust
– Low Weight
– Fuel Economy
Half the size and twice the thrust
Double the size of the Aircraft and
double the distance traveled with
50% NOx

23. Gas Turbine Combustion
F/A – 0.01
Combustion efficiency : 98%

24. Nuclear power plant

25. Nuclear power plant

26. 26
Cross section of a conventional hydroelectric
dam

27. 27
A typical turbine and generator

28. 28
Conventional (dams)
• Most hydroelectric power comes from the potential energy of
dammed water driving a water turbine and generator
• The power extracted from the water depends on the volume
and on the difference in height between the source and the
water's outflow
• This height difference is called the head
• The amount of potential energy in water is proportional to the
head
• A large pipe (the "penstock") delivers water to the turbine
Hydroelectric power plant