Some Microbial diseases . Introduction, spread, symptom, prevention, cure of Hepatatis B . Introduction, spread, symptom, prevention, cure of Gonorrhea .

1. Microbial
diseases
Hepatitis B Gonorrhea

2. Hepatitis B
 Liver may have a disease called Hepatitis B.
 Hepatitis B is caused by Hepatitis B virus
(HBV)
 Liver contains the cells called hepatics so the
virus is called Hepatitis virus e.g.: Hepatitis A,
Hepatitis B & Hepatitis C.
 Acute Hepatitis B infects a person for a short
period of time.
 Sometimes the virus causes long term infection
called chronic hepatitis B.

3. Spread of Hepatitis B Virus
A person may get Hepatitis B if he / she:
 Shares needle with an infected person
 Have sex with an infected person without condoms
 Get a tattoo with needles that were used and not
sterilized.
 Share personal items like razors or toothbrushes
with an infected person.
 A mother who has virus can pass to the baby while
delivery.
It is also transmitted by exposure to infected
blood or body fluids.

4. Symptoms of Hepatitis B
 Feeling very tired
 Mild fever
 Headache
 Belly pain
 Diarrhea
 Not willing to eat
 Muscle aches and joint
pains
 Skin rashes
 Vomiting
 Yellowish eyes and
skin
One cannot get HBV by casual contacts
such as hugging, kissing, sneezing,
coughing or sharing food.

5. Effects and Cure
 Hepatitis B can be recognized by simple blood test.
 If there is a liver damage doctor may take a tiny part
of liver from a needle. This is called LIVER
THERAPY.
 If chronic Hepatitis B can lead to severe liver damage
or liver cancer the patient may need a liver
transplant.
 It is preventable by vaccination. It is called Hepatitis
B surface Antigen (HBsAg)

6. Hepatitis B

7.  Gonorrhea is human sexually transmitted
disease (STD)
 It is caused by bacterium called ‘Neisseria
gonorrhoeae’
 The infection is transmitted from one person
to another through vaginal, oral or anal sex.
 It cannot be spread by toilets or bathrooms.
Gonorrhea

8. Symptoms
 Usual symptoms in men are burning with
urination and penile discharge.
 Women are asymptomatic half the time or have
vaginal discharge and pelvic pain.
 Men have a 20% risk of getting the infection
from a single act of vaginal intercourse with an
infected woman.
 Women have a 60–80% risk of getting the
infection from a single act of vaginal
intercourse with an infected man.

9. Effects
 If it is left untreated it may spread locally causing
epididymitis or pelvic inflammatory disease or
throughout body affecting joints and heart valves.
 Gonorrhea may cause skin lesions and the joint
infection (pain and swelling in the joints) after
passing through blood and they settle in heart
causing endocarditis in or in spinal column
causing meningitis.
 A mother may transmit gonorrhea to her new born
during childbirth. It may harm the infant’s eye.It is
referred to as ophthalmia neonatorum.

10. Prevention
 The common treatment is with Ceftriaxone
(Rocephin) as antibiotic resistance.
 The risk of infection can be reduced significantly by
using condoms correctly.
 By having a mutually monogamous relationship with
an uninfected person may also prevent gonorrhea.
 Gonorrhea was diagnosed with gram
stain and culture; however, newer polymerase chain
reaction (PCR)-based testing methods are becoming
more common.

11. Spread of Hepatitis B
Hepatitis B Virus
Spread of gonorrhea
Gonorrhea Bacterium

12. Gonorrhea