Relationship among substance use , HIV is one area that needs a lot of attention as it's an issue that needs to be addressed to help in controlling the spread of HIV and substance use.

2. HIV is the virus that causes AIDS: It stands for
human immunodeficiency virus.
HIV is passed from one person to another
when infected blood, semen or vaginal
secretions come into contact with an uninfected
person’s broken skin or mucous membranes in
the mouth, eyes, nose, vagina, rectum, opening
of the penis

3.  HIV is passed from one person to another
through:-
- Unprotected sex(vaginal, anal or oral sex without
a condom)
- Use and/or sharing of infected drug injection
equipment (Needles, syringes, ) e.g. those using
cocaine, heroin etc
- Use of infected needles and knives for tattoos,
body, piercings, or cutting/marking for a tribal or
other rituals; hepatitis can also be transmitted via
infected blood on needles or knives
- A recent U.S. study found HIV can survive 4
weeks or more in a used syringe

4. Pregnant women with HIV can pass the virus
to the baby during pregnancy or delivery and
breastfeeding.
People who have HIV have what is called HIV
infection; some will develop AIDs as a result.
You can’t tell if people have HIV by looking at
them; many people don’t even know that they
have it.
Getting tested to learn your HIV status is
important; early identification is key because
HIV is a life-long (chronic) condition

5.  AIDS stand for acquired immune deficiency
syndrome
 AIDS is the final stage of HIV infection
 It can take years for a person who has HIV, even
without treatment to reach this stage
 The virus has weakened the immune system and
the body has a hard time fighting infection;
chronic substance use further weakens the
immune system
 A person has one or more specific infections,
certain cancers or a low number of disease-
fighting cells (T- cells)

6. STDs stands for sexually transmitted diseases
Are infections – bacterial or viral – passed
from person to person through virginal, anal or
oral sex, or during genital touching.
Common STDs include gonnorrhea, syphilis,
genital herpes, chamydia and hepatitis B
You can’t always tell if a person has an STD
because some STDs have no visible symptoms

7.  Each STD causes different health problems,
overall, untreated STDs can cause cancer,
infertility, pregnancy problems, widespread
infection to other parts of the body, organ
damage and death.
 Having an STD can put a person at greater risk
of getting HIV, genital ulcers with herpes or
syphills cause breaks in the skin or genital tract
lining, creating an easy entry point for HIV.
 Current research shows that an HIV positive
person with an STD is more likely to transmit
HIV to another person.

13.  Avoid using drugs or drinking too much alcohol.
These activities may lead to risky sexual behaviour,
such as not wearing a condom. Understand that
when people in recovery learn they have HIV, this
can trigger a relapse. A person in recovery can
become upset with a diagnosis of other STDs such
as herpes because it is a life-long infection. This can
also trigger a relapse.
 Don’t have sex- while not realistic for many. The
surest way to keep from getting infected with HIV
or another STD is practice abstinence.

14. Know your status –get tested for HIV and
have yearly routine STD testing
Be faithful – have a sexual relationship where
you and your partner have been tested for HIV
and STDs
Use condoms correctly and every time you
have vaginal anal or oral sex. Male latex
condoms offer the best protection, but
polyurethane condoms can be used if a person
has latex allergies, female condoms also are
available

15. Know that birth control pills, shots and
implants will not protect a woman from HIV
and other STDs - only condom will
Talk with your sex partner about HIV and
STDs and using condoms before having sex.

21.  Hepatitis is an inflammation of the liver
caused by toxins, certain drugs, heavy alcohol
use, some diseases and bacterial and viral
infections.
Blood tests are available to determine whether
or not a person has hepatitis.

22.  Serious liver infection caused by Hepatitis B
virus (HBV).
 HBV infection can cause acute illness and lead
to chronic or lifelong infection, liver scarring
(cirrhosis), liver cancer, liver failure and death; a
weakened immune system, such as when a
person has an SUD or HIV, can make HBV
infection worse.
 HBV is transmitted through skin punctures or
contact with infectious blood or body fluids; it
can be passed through sexual activity and the
sharing of infected drug injection equipment.
 There is a vaccine for hepatitis B.

23. Healthy Liver
Alcoholic Liver

24. An unknown chemical
quality in alcoholic
beverage causes alcoholics
to have a far greater
chance of developing
cancer of the esophagus
than non-alcoholics.
Cancer causes difficulty in
swallowing and a sensation
of blockage behind the
sternum. Surgery is the
only treatment, and the
cure rate is very low.

25.  The pancreas is a small
organ lying in the
uppermost portion of the
abdomen, stretching
from the duodenum on
the right to the spleen
on the left. It produces
insulin and the digestive
enzymes vital to life.
Inflammation of the
pancreas is a serious
illness marked by severe
abdominal pain, nausea,
and vomiting. Alcohol is

26. Heavy drinking is the
most common cause of
serious inflammation of
the lining of the
stomach.
The mucosa becomes
reddened, with bleeding
in areas covered with
thick, ropy mucus.
Symptoms include
nausea, vomiting,
headache, and stomach

27. The duodenum is the
first part of the small
intestine to receive
food from the stomach.
Ulcers develop here for
the same reason they
develop in the
stomach. Bleeding,
obstruction, and
perforation may be
fatal complications of
duodenal ulcers if
patients continue to
drink.

28. Is a liver disease caused by the hepatitis C
virus (HCV).
Chronic infection have develops in most
people who have HCV; most people don’t
know they are infected because they have no
symptoms.
It can lead to cirrhosis, liver failure, liver
cancer and death.

29. A weakened immune system can make it
worse.
Is spread by contact with the blood of an
infected person; can be transmitted sexually or
through sharing of infected drug injection
equipment.
There is no vaccine for hepatitis C.

30.  TB is a disease spread through the air from one
person to another when an infected person
coughs, speaks, laughs, sings or sneezes.
 TB germs can live in the body without making a
person sick (latent infection). Germs become
inactive and can’t be passed to another person.
 When TB germs become active, they multiply,
this is called TB disease and it usually attacks
the lungs.
 TB germs can also attack the kidneys, brain and
spine.

31. Both HIV and SUDs can affect hepatitis and
TB.
HIV and SUDs can weaken the immune ‘s
system, increasing a person’s chances of
getting active TB.
Substances use also affects judgment,
increasing a people’s chances for hepatitis if
they choose to engage in unprotected sex or
use/share infected drug injection equipment.

32. Break into two groups to discuss the HIV/STD
Transmission Butterfly scenario in relation to the
following questions:
Group 1 will discuss how alcohol and drug use
relates to unsafe sexual behaviors.
Group 2 will explore how they can educate
clients and their communities about
HIV/STDs.

33. God has created you in a balanced state and you
do not need additional chemicals in your body
to make you function “normally

34. SAFEST AMOUNT OF
DRINKS = 0!!!
This is at any age!!!!