Indias independence

1. Index
Acknowledgement PG:2
Introduction PG:3
India’s Independence PG:4
The war of uprising PG:5
East India Company PG:7
Partition Of India PG:9
A Reason for Partition PG:11
Conclusion PG:12
Bibliography PG:13

2. Acknowledgement
I would like to express my special thanks of
gratitude to my teacher Shrabosti madam who
gave me the golden opportunity to do this
wonderful project on the topic India’s
Independence and Partition, which also
helped me in doing a lot of Research and I
came to know about so many new things I am
really thankful to them.
Secondly I would also like to thank my parents
and friends who helped me a lot in finalizing
this project within the limited time frame.

3. Introduction of
India’s Independence
Independence Day, in India national holiday celebrated annually on August
15. Independence Day marks the end of British rule in 1947 and the
establishment of a free and independent Indian nation. It also marks the
anniversary of the partition of the subcontinent into two countries, India
and Pakistan, which occurred at midnight on August 14–15, 1947.
Independence Day is
marked throughout India
with flag-raising ceremonies,
drills, and the singing of the
Indian national anthem.
Additionally,
various cultural programs
are made available in the
state capitals
But how did we get this freedom?

4. India’s Independence
•
• The Indian freedom movement was a large-
scale campaign that led to an end to British rule in
India and its creation as an autonomous nation.
The movement was initiated by Indian
nationalists as well as people belonging to the
Congress party that demanded Independence from
British rule.
India had a strong freedom movement that began in the latter part of the 19th
century. It was headed by Indian nationalist leaders who sought to liberate
India from British rule. They also sought to establish an independent social,
democratic, and socialist state. The Indian independence movement was a
major protest in India to obtain freedom from British rule. It started in the
late 1800s and culminated in India's Independence of India in 1947. Veer
Savarkar, Bhagat Singh, Uddham Singh, Tantia Tope, Mahatma Gandhi,
and many others are among the most well-known Indian leaders and
freedom fighters. They launched a national civil disobedience movement to
protest against the British Empire.

5. The war of uprising
• The Indian Rebellion of 1857 was a major uprising in India in 1857–58 against the rule of
the British East India Company, which functioned as a sovereign power on behalf of
the British Crown. The rebellion began on 10 May 1857 in the form of a mutiny of sepoys of
the Company's army in the garrison town of Meerut, 40 mi (64 km) northeast of Delhi. It
then erupted into other mutinies and civilian rebellions chiefly in the upper Gangetic
plain and central India, though incidents of revolt also occurred farther north and east. He
rebellion posed a military threat to British power in that region, and was contained only with
the rebels' defeat in Gwalior on 20 June 1858. On 1 November 1858, the British granted
amnesty to all rebels not involved in murder, though they did not declare the hostilities to
have formally ended until 8 July 1859. Its name is contested, and it is variously described
as the Sepoy Mutiny, the Indian Mutiny, the Great Rebellion, the Revolt of 1857,
the Indian Insurrection, and the First War of Independence

6. The war of uprising
• The Indian rebellion was fed by resentments born
of diverse perceptions, including invasive British-
style social reforms, harsh land taxes, summary
treatment of some rich landowners and princes, as
well as skepticism about the improvements
brought about by British rule. Many Indians rose
against the British; however, many also fought for
the British, and the majority remained seemingly
compliant to British rule. Violence, which
sometimes betrayed exceptional cruelty, was
inflicted on both sides, on British officers, and
civilians, including women and children, by the
rebels, and on the rebels, and their supporters,
including sometimes entire villages, by British
reprisals; the cities of Delhi and Lucknow were laid
waste in the fighting and the British retaliation

7. East India Company
• The Company rule in India effectively began in 1757 after
the Battle of Plassey and lasted until 1858. Following the Indian
Rebellion of 1857, the Government of India Act 1858 led to
the British Crown assuming direct control of India in the form of
the new British Raj.
• Despite frequent government intervention,
the company had recurring problems
with its finances. The company was dissolved
in 1874 as a result of the East India
Stock Dividend Redemption Act enacted
one year earlier, as the Government of India Act
had by then rendered it vestigial, powerless,
and obsolete. The official government machinery
of the British Raj had assumed its governmental
function and absorbed its armies.

8. India’s Independence
• India wan its freedom from British colonial rule in 1947, after
many decades of struggle after Mahatma Gandhi, joined the
fight in 1914 and led the country to independence., using his
method of non-violence protest known as satyagraha. He
encouraged Indians to stop buying British goods, avoid paying
taxes to British government, and take part in peaceful protests
and marches. Although Gandhi ji won millions of followers,
there were people who took different approaches in the fight
of freedom. Educated Indians from the wealthier classes
choose to petition the government, writing documents that
demanded independence for India. Other people expressed
their feeling by supporting Britain’s enemy in the World war II,
while many more still used violence for their voice to be heard.
After suffering in the war the Britain finally gave in and
announced India’s Independence and also its partition into two
countries India and Pakistan

9. Partition of India
• The Partition of India in
1947 was the change of
political borders and the
division of other assets that
accompanied the dissolution
of the British Rule in South
Asia and the creation of two
independent dominions: India and Pakistan. The Dominion
of India is today the Republic of India, and the Dominion of
Pakistan—which at the time comprised two regions lying
on either side of India—is now the Islamic Republic of
Pakistan and the People's Republic of Bangladesh. The
partition was outlined in the Indian Independence Act
1947.

10. Partition of India
• The change of political borders notably included the division of two
provinces of British India, Bengal and Punjab. The
majority Muslim districts in these provinces were awarded to Pakistan
and the majority non-Muslim to India. The other assets that were
divided included the British Indian Army, the Royal Indian Navy,
the Royal Indian Air Force, the Indian Civil Service the railways, and the
central treasury. Self-governing independent Pakistan and India legally
came into existence at midnight on 14 and 15 August 1947 respectively
• The partition caused large-scale loss of life and an unprecedented
migration between the two dominions. Among refugees that survived, it
solidified the belief that safety lay among co-religionists. In the instance
of Pakistan, it made palpable a hitherto only imagined refuge for the
Muslims of British India.] The migrations took place hastily and with little
warning. It is thought that between 14 million and 18 million people
moved, and perhaps more. Excess mortality during the period of the
partition is usually estimated to be around one million. The violent
nature of the partition created an atmosphere of hostility and suspicion
between India and Pakistan that affects their relationship to this day.

11. One of the reason for partition
• The two-nation theory is the assertion, based on the
former Indian Muslim ruling class' sense of being culturally
and historically distinct, that Indian Hindus and Muslims are
two distinct nations. It argued that religion resulted in
cultural and social differences between Muslims and
Hindus. While some professional Muslim Indian politicians
used it to secure or safeguard a large share of political
spoils for the Indian Muslims with the withdrawal of British
rule, others like Muhammad Iqbal believed the main
political objective was the preservation of the cultural
entity of Muslim India. The two-nation theory was a
founding principle of the Pakistan Movement (i.e., the
ideology of Pakistan as a Muslim nation-state in South
Asia), and the partition of India in 1947

12. Conclusion
• The partition of India was the partition of British India[b] in 1947
which accompanied the creation of two independent states, India
and Pakistan. The Union of India is today the Republic of India and
Dominion of Pakistan, the Islamic Republic of Pakistan and the
People's Republic of Bangladesh. The partition involved the division
of two provinces, Bengal and the Punjab, based on district-wise
Hindu or Muslim majorities. It also involved the division of the
British Indian Army, the Royal Indian Navy, the Indian Civil Service,
the railways, and the central treasury, between the two new
dominions. The partition was set forth in the Indian Independence
Act 1947 and resulted in the dissolution of the British Raj, or Crown
rule in India. The two self-governing countries of India and Pakistan
legally came into existence at midnight on 14–15 August 1947.
•

13. Bibliography
• https://wikipidia.com
• https://www.dkfindout.com/
• https://brainly.in/