2. OXYGEN THERAPY IS “THE
ADMINISTRATION OF OXYGEN AT
CONCENTRATIONS GREATER THAN THAT IN
AMBIENT AIR , WITH THE INTENT OF
TREATING OR PREVENTING THE SYMPTOM &
MANIFESTATION OF HYPOXIA.”
3. PaO2
80 – 100 mm Hg : Normal
60 – 80 mm Hg : cold, clammy limbs
< 60 mm Hg : cyanosis
< 40 mm Hg : mental confusion
< 30 mm Hg : bradycardia leads to
cardiac arrest
6. TYPE OF HYPOXIA DEFINITION TYPE OF CASES
1. HYPOXIC ↓ O2 TENSION HIGH ALTITUDE-
HYPOVENTILATION
2. ANAEMIC ↓ CARRYING CAPACITY ANAEMIA-BLOOD LOSS-
CO POISIONING
3. STAGNANT ↓ PERFUSION HEART FAILURE -SHOCK -
ISCHEMIA
4. HISTOTOXIC CELLULAR HYPOXIA CYANIDE
7. CLASSIFICATION PaO2
NORMAL 80-100 mm Hg
Mild Hypoxia 60-80 mm Hg
Moderate Hypoxia 40-60 mm Hg
Severe Hypoxia < 40 mm Hg Respiratory
failure
8. OXYGEN SHOULD BE GIVEN VERY
METICULOUSLY TO MAINTAIN SATURATION
ABOVE 94 % OR PO2> 80mmHg .
FLOW AND DEVICE SHOULD BE MENTIONED
BEFORE ADMINISTRATING.
9. Use lowest possible FiO2 compatible with
adequate oxygen
100% O2 - not more than 12hrs
80% - not more than 24hrs
60% - not more than 36hrs
10. 98% for most patients is normal and safe
If target range is 94-98%
• Choose mask and flow rate to meet target range
• No blood gases needed
If target range is 88-92%
• Start with 1-2 litres nasal oxygen or 28% Venturi mask
then titrate up to meet target range
• Check blood gases after 30-60 mins
11. Clinical Devices
Symptoms of
hypoxemia
Cyanosis
Oxygen saturation by
Pulse Oximeter (Monitor
Sp02 for first 5 mins and
then monitor Sp02 on
chart minimum 4
hourly)
ABG analysis
pH
pO2
pCO2
Mixed venous blood
oxygenation
15. 1. Fire hazard
2. Oxygen toxicity (Primarily affects lung and
CNS.)
3. Depression of ventilation
4. Retinopathy of Prematurity in new born
5. Absorption atelectasis
16. when the patient is clinically stable and has
maintained target SpO2 on low dose 02
therapy for 2 sets of observations
17. o Low flow (Variable performance devices )
Nasal cannula
Nasal catheter
Transtracheal catheter
o Reservoir system (Variable performance device)
Reservoir cannula
Simple face mask
Partial rebreathing mask
Non rebreathing mask
Tracheostomy mask
o High flow (Fixed performance devices)
Ventimask (HAFOE)
Aerosol mask and T-piece with nebulisers
19. Advantages Disadvantages
o Comfortable and
easily tolerated
o No re-breathing
o Patient can eat and
drink
o Preferred by patients
(Vs simple mask)
o Low cost product
o Variable oxygen
delivery
o Causes nasal scaring
and drying on high
flows
25. Advantages Disadvantages
• Low cost product
• Flow 5-10 L/min
Uncomfortable
Variable
concentration of
oxygen delivered
100% FiO2 can not be
delivered .
Patient cannot eat
26.
27.
28. • Aims to deliver constant oxygen
concentration by fixed dose device
• Increasing flow does not increase oxygen
concentration
• Good device for patients with raised C02
(patients with a target of 88-92%)
29. 24% Venturi - 2 L/min - Use 3 l/min if RR >30
28% Venturi - 4 L/min - Use 6 l/min if RR >30
35% Venturi - 8 L/min - Use 12 l/min if RR >30
40% Venturi - 10 L/min - Use 15 l/min if RR >30
60% Venturi - 15 L/min - Change to RM if 60%
Venturi is not sufficient
30. Advantages Disadvantages
Deliver precise
oxygen concentration
.
Doesnt dry mucous
membrane .
Nebulizer can be used
along
Uncomfortable
Risk of skin irritation
Not good for long
term therapy .
31. o Patients breathing through tracheostomy tube
Adjust oxygen flow to maintain target saturation
Prolonged oxygen use requires humidification
Patients may also need suction to remove airway mucus
32.
33. The centre of the ball indicates the correct
flow rate