Biotransformation is a process in which a drug molecule gets converted from one form to another form. It may be more or less active than the parent drug molecule. In the body there are process like absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion which is also called as ADME. The Biotransformation of the drug usually takes place in the metabolism phase. Biotransformation of the drug is a very important process which helps eliminate the drug molecules from getting stored in the body after its intended use is over. The biotransformation of the drug takes place in the liver ( majority of the times it has been seen) other organs also play a role in biotransformation like lungs , kidney etc biotransformation is helpful to maintain the healthy balance in the body as the toxins are eliminated in a fairly good amount.

2.  Biotransformation is the chemical
modification (or modifications) made by
an organism on a chemical compound.
 If this modification ends in mineral
compounds like CO2, NH4
+, or H2O, the
biotransformation is
called mineralisation.
 Biotransformation means chemical
alteration of chemicals such
as nutrients, amino acids, toxins, and
drugs in the body.

3.  Biochemical event in which a drug
molecule is converted from a non polar
molecule to a polar molecule through a
series of reactions mainly involving
enzymes is called as Biotransformaion.

4.  Converts non polar molecules into relatively
polar molecule .
 Exposing or adding a polar or reactive group.
 Reactions such as ,
 1. oxidation
 2.Reduction
 3 .Dehalogenation.
 4. Desulfuration. etc

5.  Monooxygenases
 Oxidases .
 Reductases.
 Nitroreductases.
 Hydrolases.
 Azoreductase .
 Esterases , etc

6.  Microsomal oxidation
 Salicyclic acid
 Non microsomal oxidation
 Ethyl alcohol carbon dioxide
and water.
 CH3OH formic acid and
formaldehyde

7.  Pethidine procaine (analgesic).
 Digitalis ( leaf drug)
( only life saving cardiovascular drug)

8.  Attach small polar ionisable endogenous
compounds such as glucoronic acid, glycine
and other amino acids to functional group.
 Enzymes such as , acetyltransferase,
methytransferase, acyltransferase etc

9.  Diet.
 Hormonal status.
 Age.
 Disease .
 Liver function.
 Chemicals .
 Enzymes .

10.  Inactivation
 Activation
 Intoxication
 Change of activity.

15.  Progesterone

17.  CHOLESTEROL
*
 DIOSOGENIN

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