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1. Why Law on Education play an important role
in improving education system in Cambodia?

2. Content:
I. Background
II. Fragilities and the law
A.Struggles and fragilities in Cambodian Education
B. Roles of Law on Education
III. Conclusion
IV. References

3. I. Background
 The law was promulgated on 21st of November 2007.
 It contains 11 chapters and 55 articles.
 Main goals are:
• Establishing a comprehensive and uniform education system
• Creating competent human resource to develop the country
 It covers both public and private education sectors.

4. A. Struggles and Fragilities of
Cambodia Education
II. Body
Five key factor lead to fragility of
Cambodian Education
1. Relevance of Education
2. Disparities in Access
3. Corruption in education
4. Teachers
5. Structures and governance

5. 1. Relevance of Education
Links to employment and mobility
6%
8%
86%
Sales
Job Opportunity
Job Opportunity
Labour Fcrce
(Hagenlother and Rith, 2006).
Some evidence has suggested that the lack of
demand-side job opportunities in Cambodia has
kept enrolment low. Thus, youth unemployment
will continue to contribute to fragility and social
unrest in Cambodia if job opportunities are not
available to keep up with demand.

6.  Skills are often being taught that are
irrelevant to economic opportunities.
Practical skills-agriculture- are
neglected in favors of Western-style
subjects that may have little
applicable value for the average
student.
Cambodian schools largely fail to
prioritize skills related to the sector.
In short, students are not learning
the right subjects with necessary
depth and quality.
Relevance Skills

7. 2. Disparities in Access
80%
20%
Citizen living in rural
Other regions
Wealth and Geography
90%
10%
Poor
Others

8. However, many Cambodian parents do not yet see the value of education.
Poor parents will be forced to sacrifice investment in the future education-
related earnings of their children in order to meet current consumption needs,
because the y cannot afford the direct and/or indirect (opportunity) costs of
sending their children to school. Poor and near-poor individuals who cannot
afford to fail will rationally decide to undertake activities and investments that
minimize risk, rather than those which have slightly higher risk but also much
higher potential reward (World Baknk,2009:108).

9. Teacher also play an important in students’ accessing to school. Rural and
remote area is place where is generally less desirable potentially
transferring teachers since teaching at there teachers are likely to face
some problems such as larger class sizes, double shifting or multi-grade
teaching, poor living conditions, the challenge of transportation and the
shortage of support.
It has also been reported that, contradictorily, teachers hailing from remote
areas who wish to be placed in their home regions have to pay exorbitant
fees for placement (VSO,2008)
The poor quality of education reinforces discouragement of students to go
to school.
Distribution of teachers

10. 3. Corruption in education
 Corruption is a burden in every fields including education. In education,
there are such the problems like informal pay. Even though, MoEYS
has implemented a policy in reduction/elimination of parental
contributions to basic education ensuring officially free basic education
for everyone, unofficially fees are still paid such as for registration,
handout or exam.

11. 4. Teacher
 Teacher plays a vital role in improving education system.
 However, low salary and low social status are the main challenges of
being a teacher or leaving the teaching career.

12. 5. Structures and Governance
 Lacking of decentralization and collaborative governing in
education are one of the fragilities.
 Centralization leads to failing design of curriculum which does
not meet the need of labor market demand.

13. B. Roles of Law on Education
 The national development requires education sector which plays a
vital role in creating human resource. All people including children,
youth and adults should be able to assess to education and long-life
learning service with standard quality to ensure a relevant and
responsive qualification to the current job need. At this respect, the
law on education was established in order to ensure a better
education system in Cambodia. The functions of the law are stated
below:

14.  Establishing the national Supreme Council of education to:
 Organizing Administration and Management of Education
 Establishing a uniform education system
 Ensuring a qualified and efficient education
 Developing Education policies, Principles, Plans and Strategies
 Ensuring Educational right and obligation
 Putting penalty

15. IV. References
1.UNESCO. Education and Fragility in Cambodia. Paris, France:
International Institute for Educational Planning; 2011
2. MoEY. Law on Education. Phnom Penh, Cambodia: Ministry of
Education and Youth, ADB; December 2007
3. MoEY. Education Strategic Plan 2014-2018. Phnom Penh, Cambodia:
Ministry of Education and Youth; March 2014

16. III. Conclusion:
 The law on education plays an important role in improving Cambodia
education system through establishing National Supreme Council of
education, organizing administration and management of education,
ensuring a unique education system with quality and efficiency,
developing master plans and strategies, pointing out the right and
obligation in education as well as putting the penalty to wrong-doing
people or educational institute.

17. Thanks For Paying Attention