biotechnological from organic waste are many which include;production of fertilizer,gibbrrelic acid,actone and butanol,biodegradable plastics,enzymes,mushroom,ets

1. CYPRUS INERNATIONAL
UNIVERSITY
BIOTECHNOLOGICAL PRODUCTS FROM
ORGANIC WASTE
BY
SULAIMAN ISHAQ MUKTAR
20142930

2. TABLE OF CONTENT
● Organic waste
● Organic waste as raw material for production
● SSF
● Production of Biodegradable plastics
● Production of Enzymes
● Production of Mushroom
● Production of Gibberlic acid
● Production of Fertilizer
● Production of Acetone and Butanol.
● Conclusion

3. ORGANIC WASTE
● Organic waste is anything that comes from plants and
animals that is biodegradable
● Such wastes can be produced by households,industry
and agriculture.
● Fruits,and vegetables,meat,poultry,eggshells,rice
hull,sugarcane wastes etc are now been used to
produce products such as enzymes,biodegradable
plastics,ethanol,and animal feeds etc.

4. ORGANIC WASTE AS RAW MATERIAL FOR
TRASFORMATION
● Many organic wastes are used in biotechnological
products such as enzymes,single-cell
proteins,fuels,chemicals,biodegradable plastics,and
pharmaceutical products.
● inedible parts of plants,agricultural residues from the
harvest and food-processing wastes can be used as
raw materials
● These organic wastes contain valuable components
such as starch in potato and cassava pulp,pectin in
apple pomace,sucrose in molasses,cellulose and
hemicellulose in wood,garden waste,and rice hull.

5. Rice Hull Apple pomace

6. SOLID-STATE FERMENTATION FOR CONVERSION OF
AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD-PROCESSING WASTE INTO
PRODUCTS
● Solid state fermentation (SSF) is a biomolecule
manufacturing process used in the food, pharmaceutical,
cosmetic, fuel and textile industries.
● These biomolecules are mostly metabolites generated by
microorganisms grown on a solid support selected for this
purpose.
● This technology for the culture of microorganisms is an
alternative to liquid or submerged fermentation, used
predominantly for industrial purposes.

7. SOLID STATE FERMENTATION

8. PRODUCTION OF BIODEGRADABLE PLASTICS
● Biodegradable plastics are plastics that are capable of
being decomposed by bacteria or other living organisms.
● They have specific conditons in terms of
pH,humidity,oxygenation and presence of some metals to
ensure degradation.
● Biodegradable plastics can breakdown in either anaerobic
or aerobic environments.
● Biodegradable plastics are made from organic sources like
corn,wood,cellulose or can be synthesized by bacteria
from molecule like butyric acid to give
polyhydrobutyrate(PHB).
● Bacteria are often used in the technology of production.

9. USES OF BIODEGRADABLE PLASTICS
● Biodegradable plastics can diminish
environmental pollution caused by disposed
plastics.
● They can be used in agriculture e.g mulching.
● They are used in the medical industry.
● Lactic acid can be used as raw material for
synthesis of polylactic acid(PLA)

10. PRODUCTION OF ENZYMES
● An enzyme is a biological catalyst that increases the rate
of specific biochemical reactions several fold at room
temperature.
● An example is the microbial production of amylotic
enzymes such as α -amylayse which is used in food,textile
and paper industries.Wastes such as potato,soybean
meal,and fruit processing waste can be used for α-
amylase production.
●
sterilization of bannana waste at 121°c for 60min then
addition of nutrients(ammonium sulfate/sodium nitrate
1.0% and Kcl/NaCl,1.0%)to sterilize bannana waste with a
moisture content of 70% and particle size
400µm;adjustment of pH to 7.0;addition of inoculum with
the ratio 10%(v/w) to substrate;and cultivation at 35°c for
24hours.

11. USES OF ENZYMES
● They are used for to improve texture,appearance and
nutritional value.
● The are use to improve waste quality.
● They are used dewatering of sludges that are
produced in as a by product of wastewater treatment.

12. PRODUCTION OF EDIBLE MUSHROOM
● Different organic wastes can be used as substrates for
cultivation of mushrooms.
● The cultivation of mushrooms include two major steps;
1.preparation of the compost or solid medium
2.mycelium growth until fructification.
● For production of compost or medium for mushroom
cultivation,different waste materials can be used such as
wood chips,sawdust,hay,maize waste,paddy straw,cassava
bagasse,waste paper,chicken manure etc.
● mixed and composted for 8 days.The compost is then packed
in boxes and pasturized.After inoculation and mycelium
growth,compost is covered with a mixture of soil,peat and
chalk.

13. ●
The optimal temperature for mycelium growth is 24°c and
the optimal temperature for fruiting body production is
usually 14°c-18°c.The yield of mushrooms is 0.5-1 kg per
1 kg of compost dry matter.
Uses of Mushrooms
● They are used in new biological remediation techniques
e.g using mycorrhizae to spur plant growth and filteration.
● Used Fungi to lower bacterial levels(Salmonella and E.coli)
in conterminated water.
● Cleaning up polluted soil and restoring habitats near
polluting factories.
● As source of fuel because their mycellium can convert
cellulose into fungal sugars,which is used to make ethanol.

15. Harvestedediblemushroomsobtainedfromorganicwaste

16. PRODUCTION OF GIBBRRELIC ACID
● Gibberellic acid a plant hormone stimulating plant
growth,can be produced by Fungi Gibberella fujikuroi or
Fusarium moniform.
● Wheat bran was autoclaved for 3hrs+soluble starch
24:1+sterilization.
● Add G.fujikoroi asseptically to the medium.
● Add corn starch with distilled water
● After series of mixing for 10s every 2hrs and GA is
obtained after 10 days.
● Another method of producing gibberelic acid is from shea
nut shell treated with acid and steam.

17. Uses of gibberellic acid
● It is used in agriculture to regulate growth
● It accelerate germination of barley in the
brewery industry.
● It is used as biopesticide
● As feed additive.

18. PRODUCTION OF FERTILIZER
● Composting of organic wastes occupies much space and
is not suitable for large scale applications in countries with
shortage of land.
● organic waste can be used for aerobic thermophilic
treatment to convert food waste into fertilizer.
● This process includes biotreatment of organic waste at
60°c under controlled aeration,stirrinng,and pH.To maintain
a neutral pH at the beginning of the bio-conversion,CaCO3
was added at 5% to the total solids of organic waste.

19. ● Addition of starter bacterial culture Bacillus thermamylovorans.
● The final products contain organic matter,Nitrogen,Potassium,
and phosphorus.Apllied to the sub-soil for plant development
and growth.

20. PRODUCTION OF ACETONE AND BUTANOL
● In china 50% of the acetone requirements are still covered by
microbial production of solvents which economically
competative
● Production of the solvents acetone and butanol by bacteria
Clostridium acetobytiricus is one of the largest known
biotechnological process.
● three factors influence production
-the high costs of substrate(molasses)
-the low product concentration(about 2% because of solvent
toxicity).
-and the high product recovery costs(extraction of the solvents
and distillation has been used in the past)

21. CONCLUTION
It should be noted that there are numerous
products obtained from organic waste,such as
production of flavours,polysaccharides,animal
feed,ethanol,methane,hydrogen etc.
● Currently,more researches are going on in an
effort to protect the environment from various
kinds of waste.

22. REFRENCES
1-Wang LK,Ivanov V,Tay J,Hung
Y(2000).Environmental Biotechnology 8:343-386
2-www.wikipeadia.com,8/12/2014
3-www.global.encyclopeadia.britanica.com
9/12/2014
4-Ivanov v,(2011).Environmental Microbiology for
Engineers 8:243
5-www.howthestuffworks.com 9/12/2014.