2. What Is Spirituality?
• A “journey” that takes place over time and
involves the accumulation of life experiences
and understanding.
• An attempt to find meaning,value,and purpose in life.
3. Spirituality and Everyday Living
Spiritual beliefs and practices are associated with all
aspects of a person’s life, including health and
illness.
6. Faith
Faith generally refers to a confident belief in something
for which there is no proof or material evidence.
It can involve a person, idea, or thing, and it is usually
followed by action related to the ideals or values of that
belief.
For example, if one have faith in one’s doctor, nurse
he/she is more likely to adhere to a prescribed
regimen/plan of care and to experience benefits
7. Hope
Unique to each person
It is the ingredient in life responsible for a positive
outlook in even life’s bleakest moments.
It enables an individual both to consider a future and
to work to actively bring that future into being.
Originates in imagination but must become a valued
and realistic possibility in order to energize action.
It has the capacity to embrace the reality of the
individual’s suffering without escaping from it (false
hope) or being suffocated by it (despair,
helplessness, hopelessness).
8. Love
People express and experience spirituality in and
through connectedness with other people.
“To love another person is to see the face of God.”
Love develops from the basic human need to love
and be loved, and we cannot be spiritually whole,
spiritually healthy, unless this need is met.
10. Developmental considerations
As the child matures, life experiences usually
influence and mature his or her spiritual beliefs.
With advancing years, the tendency to think about
life after death prompts some individuals to re-
examine and reaffirm their spiritual beliefs.
11. Family
A child’s parents play a key role in the development
of the child’s spirituality.
What is important is not so much what parents teach
a child about spirituality and religion, but rather
what the child learns about spirituality, life, and self
from the parents’ behaviour
12. Ethnic background
Religious traditions differ among ethnic groups.
There are clear distinctions between Eastern and
Western spiritual traditions as well as among those
of individual ethnic groups.
A person’s culture and formal religion have much to
do with whether the basic approach to religion is
doing something, being someone, or continually
striving for harmony.
13. Formal religion
Each of the major religious groups has several
characteristics in common:
• Basis of authority or source of power
• Scripture or sacred word
• An ethical code that defines right and wrong
• A psychology and identity, so that its adherents fit
into a group and the world is defined by the religion
• Aspirations or expectations
• Some ideas about what follows death
14. Life events
Both positive and negative life experiences can
influence spirituality.
Similarly, a chain of successful life experiences
(marriage, promotion) may cause one person to
assume success experience no need for God, whereas
for another it occasions deep gratitude and rejoicing.
16. SpiritualBeliefsand Health
• Some research suggests religion has a positive
influence over physical and mental health.
• Other studies find that some religious values impede
positive health outcomes.
• Research does not always answer how or why religion
affects health.
19. What Every Nurse Should Know
Gain self-knowledge
• Be open
• Welcome challenges
• T
ake time to reflect
Spiritual care demands nonjudgmental attitudes and open thinking.
20. Barriers to SpiritualCare
• Lack of awareness of spirituality in general
• Lack of awareness of your own spiritual belief system
• Differences in spirituality between nurse and client
• Fear that your knowledge base is insufficient
• Fear of where spiritual discussions may lead
21. Assessment of Spiritual Needs and Practices
• Tools
– J
AREL SpiritualWell-Being Scale
– SPIRIT model
– HOPE
• Levels of spiritual assessment
22. Assessment of Spiritual Needs andPractices
• Sources of information about spirituality
– Client and family interviews
– Client environment
– Client questions
– Nonverbal communication
23. NANDA Diagnoses Related to Spirituality
• Moral distress
• Spiritual distress
• Risk for spiritual distress
• Readiness for enhanced spiritual well-being
24. NANDA Diagnoses Related to Spirituality
• Impaired Religiosity
• Risk for Impaired Religiosity
• Readiness for Enhanced Religiosity
• Spiritual Pain (non-NANDA)
25. Planning O utcomes and Interventions
• NOC standardized outcomes
• NIC standardized interventions
• Spiritual interventions used to treat and prevent spiritual
problems related to client’
s illness
• May need to make referrals
