INTRODUCTION TO HEALTH & ILLNESS

1. WELCOME TO THE
PRESENTATION ON
INTRODUCTION TO HEALTH
DR.MAHESWARI

2. HEALTH
DEFINITION. “ A state of complete
physical,mental,social & spiritual
well-being not mearly the absence of
disease or infirmity.-WHO (1978).
“A dynamic state of being in which
the developmental & Behavioural
potential of an individual is realized to
the fullest extent possible.”---ANA.
(1980). MJ.

3. “ Actualization of inherent & acquired human
potential through directed
behaviour,competent self care & satisfying
relationships with others,while adjustments
are made as needed to maintain structural
integrity & harmony with the environment,”---
PENDER,PARSON.(2002).
MJ.

4. HEALTH & WELLNESS
CONCEPT
WELLNESS.
Is a state of well-being.Concepts of wellness
include self responsibility,an ultimate goal, a
dynamic growing process, daily decision making
in the areas of nutrition,stress
management,physical fitness,preventive health
care,emotional health,most importantly the whole
being of the individual.
MJ.

5. COMPONENTS OF
WELLBEING. ROSATO
WELLNES
S.
Environ
m-ental
Occupati
o-nal
Intellectu
al
SpiritualPhysica
l
Emotion
-al
Social
MJ

6. COMPONENTS OF WELLBEING.
PHYSICAL COMPONENT.
SOCIAL COMPONENT.
EMOTIONAL COMPONENT.
INTELLECTUAL COMPONENT.
SPIRITUAL COMPONENT.
OCCUPATIONAL COMPONENT.
ENVIRONMENTAL COMPONENT.

7. PHYSICAL
COMPONENT.
Refers to the ability to carry out daily
tasks,achieve fitness,maintain adequate
nutrition,proper body fat,avoid abusing drugs &
alcohol, generally to practice positive lifestyle
habits.
MJ

8. SOCIAL COMPONENT.
Ability to interact successfully with people &
within the environment to maintain intimacy
with significant others & to develop respect &
tolerance for those with different opinion &
beliefs.

9. EMOTIONAL
COMPONENT
Ability to manage stress & manage
appropriately.
INTELLECTUAL
The ability to learn & use information
effectively for personal,family & career
development.

10. SPIRITUAL COMPONENT.
Belief in a higher power.
OCCUPATIONAL.
The ability to achieve a balance between
work & leisure time.

11. ENVIRONMENTAL
COMPONENT.
The ability to promote health
measures that improve the standard
of living & quality of life in the
community.

12. HEALTH ILLNSS CONTIUA.
The health illness continua is used to measure a
person’s perceived level of wellness.
The health & illness are viewed as opposite
ends of the health continua.
An individual moves back & forth within this
continuum day by day.
There is no distinct boundary across which
people move on the continuum.
The levels include wellness state, normal state,
poor health,disability & death.

13. HEALTH ILLNES CONTINUM
WELLNESS MODEL.
TREATMENT MODEL
NEUTRAL POINT
Awareness, Edn, GrowthDisability, Symp, Sign
death
wellnes
s

14. EFFECT OF ILLNESS.
Illness results in changes in the individual
behaviour,changes in the family dynamics.
The changes involve changes in role,body
image,self concept & family dynamics.
The following are the areas of change.

15. AREAS OF
CHANGES.
BEHAVIOURAL & EMOTIONAL CHANGES.
IMPACT ON BODY IMAGE.
IMPACT OF SELF CONCEPT.
IMPACT ON FAMILY MEMBERS.
IMPACT ON FAMILY DYNAMICS.

16. BEHAVIORAL & EMOTIONAL
CHANGES.
Individual react differently to illness or
treatment.
Individual behaviour & emotional reactions
depend on the nature of illness.
Short term / non life threatening illness evoke
few Behavioural changes.
Severe illness evoke extensive emotional &
Behavioural changes such as
anxiety,shock,denial,anger & withdrawal.

17. IMPACT ON BODY IMAGE.
Body image is a subjective concept of physical
appearance.
Some illness results result in changes in physical
appearance.
The client & families react differently to these
changes.
The reaction depend on type of changes, loss of limb /
organ & their adaptive capacity,& the nature of
supportive services available

18. IMPACT ON SELF
CONCEPT.
Self concept is a mental self image of
strengths & weakness of a person
Self concept is important in relationships with
the family members & significant others.
Client undergoing self concept changes,
sometimes may not be in a position to meet
the family expectation.
The health care professionals are to devise
the health care appropriately

19. IMPACT ON FAMILY ROLES.
Individuals have multiple roles such as wage
earner,decision maker,
professional,parent,child.
Illness may limit the role of the individual.
Illness may necessitate role changes.
Changes may be short term or long term.
Long term changes require prolonged
adjustment process.

20. IMPACT ON FAMILY
DYNAMICS.
Family dynamics change due to illness of the
individual.
Therefore the health care professionals will have
to design care for the entire family

21. VARIABLES INFLUENCING ILLNESS &
ILLNESS BEHAVIOUR
Health & illness are affected by internal &
external variables.
The influence of variables & the illness
behaviour influence the likelihood of seeking
health care & client’s compliance.
There fore it is imperative that the health
care professionals are aware of the variables
so that they can design appropriate care.

22. VARIABLES INCLUDE.
INTERNAL VARIABLES.
EXTERNAL VARIABLES.

23. INTERNAL VARIABLES.
Include the following variables.
Age, Sex, Personality, Internal homeostasis,
Health seeking behaviour,perception, Intellectual
background, Spiritual factors & Developmental
stage.

24. EXTERNAL
VARIABLES.
Include the variables outside,They include……
Family, Social group, Customs, Cultural
background, Economic variables, Accessibility of
the health care system.

25. CONCEPT OF COMMUNITY
HEALTH.
COMMUNITY BASED HEALTH CARE (CBHC),
is a primary health care system that provides
health related services within the context of
people’s daily lives ------- in homes,long term
care residents,at work, in schools,ambulatory
care settings & in hospital.

26. CRITERIA OF AN IDEAL CBHC
Provide easy access to the system.
Be flexible in responding to the care needs that
individuals & families identify.
Promote care between & among health care
agencies through improved communication
mechanisms.
Provide appropriate support for family care givers.
Be affordable.

27. CRITERIA OF AN IDEAL CBHC SYSTEM– PEW
HEALTH PROFESSIONS’S COMMISION.
THE FOLLOWING GOALS SHOULD BE
ACCOMPLISHED.
•Be more oriented to health & emphasis health
promotion & disease prevention.
•Focus on individual responsibility for health
practices & behaviour.
•Be population based & focus more attention on
risk factors in the physical & social environment.
•Use electronic information for client histories &
research findings to support diagnostic decisions &
treatment recommendations.

28. •Have s strong focus on consumers who would
have increased information about their health care.
•Base decisions on outcomes.
•Prove effective care by integrated– coordinated
teams to providers.
•Balance technology with on technological
interventions
•Have a health care consumers with a high sense
of accountability.

29. MODEL OF AN INTEGRATED
HEALTH CARE DELIVERY SYSTEM.
Lab
Insurance coy
Hospital
Clinic
Pharmacy
Extended care
facility
Primary care
pract
Ct
Famil
y
Technician Specialist

30. COMMUNITY BASED NURSING.
•Refers to nsg care directed towards specific
individuals.
•It involves varies practice settings.
•It extends beyond institutional boundaries &
involves a network of nursing services.( Nursing
Wellness Centers,Ambulatory Care Settings,
Acute Care Settings,
•Long Term Care Settings, Telephone Advice,
Home Health, Hospice services.)

31. ACTIVITIES OF A NURSE CASE
MANAGER.
•Making home visit & monitor the extended care.
•Visiting a newly admitted client in care setting.
•Consultative telephones.