Solid waste management

1. Waste management hierarchy

2. The waste hierarchy is a set of priorities for the efficient
use of resources.
 The waste hierarchy is. avoidance including action to
reduce the amount of waste generated.
 The waste hierarchy, typically displayed as an inverted
triangle , offers a hierarchical approach to showing most
preferred versus least preferred approaches to solid waste
generation and management.
 To control waste disposal Environmental pollution
act(EPA) developed the hierarchy with 4R such as
Reduce, Reuse, Recycle and Recovery
Introduction

5.  The most preferred approach to waste management is to
not create it in the first place.
This concept focuses on the measures to be taken so as
not to create any type of wastes in the first place.
 This is given the top priority in the waste management
program.
According to this principle, the manufacturing industries
should make use of less hazardous materials in the design
and manufacturing of the products.
They should develop strategies to have a cleaner and
environment friendly production.
 Such source reduction efforts can include the decreased
usage of virgin materials and energy conservation, as well
as the creation of less pollution and toxicity of waste.
1.Reduce

6. 2.Reuse
Reuse is another powerful tact to avoid waste generation.
 Reuse is another effective Solid waste management strategy,
in which the waste is not allowed to enter into the disposal
system.
 The wastes are collected in the middle of the production
phase and are again fed along with the source to aid in the
production process.
 This process helps in minimizing the amount of wastes
produced as end product, saves the natural resources and
reduces the costs associated with the production and
manufacturing.

7. 3.Recyle
Recycling involves the collection, sorting, and
processing of products into raw materials that can be used
as inputs for the production of new products.
 For its part, the recycling of products generally results
in a material that is more energy-efficient, less polluting
and more cost effective to produce, while avoiding the
consumption of virgin materials.
 It also involve modification in old product to form new
product which save the natural resources and save the
time of production.

8. 4.Recovery
 The energy recovery process is also called as waste to
energy conversion.
The process of waste-to-energy (WTE) involves the
capture of energy from trash. This is accomplished through a
variety of approaches, including waste incineration,
pyrolization, anaerobic digestion, gasification and landfill
gas recovery and composting etc.
 In this process; the wastes that cannot be recycled are
being converted into useable forms of energy such as heat,
light and electricity etc

9. 5.Disposal
The disposal process holds the last position in
the waste management hierarchy.
 Landfills are the common form of waste disposal.

10. Organization pattern of solid waste management.