Answer each question in using the reference in attachment.docx
•Download as DOCX, PDF•
0 likes•2 views
This document contains two questions about socialist economic systems and markets. The first question asks about Ludwig von Mises' view that rational economic calculation is not possible in a socialist system due to the lack of private ownership and market prices. It also asks how Chinese reformers adapted ideas from the "socialist calculation debate" to incorporate some market mechanisms. The second question discusses Duncan Foley's view of socialism according to Marx, including Marx's two-stage model to communism, contributions from the Vienna Circle that influenced top-down socialist models, and the idea of socialism as a bottom-up, self-organized system with three main properties.
Report
Share
Report
Share
Recommended
Essay OutlineNOTE This paper integrates material and ideologica.docx
Essay Outline
NOTE: This paper integrates material and ideological conditions. Be sure to balance the two in your paper. Avoid the mistake of placing more emphasis on material conditions simply because they involve three authors. It may help to think of the paper as 40% on ideological conditions.
Material Conditions: Polanyi refers to the emergence of market society as “the great transformation”(Polanyi, Kit #16). Discuss what characterizes market society and show why this transformation is so significant. Include a few points about how market society differs from the structures of previous social organizations in order to stress the importance of this development (Heilbroner, Kit #15 and Polanyi, Kit#16). Also, present some of the changes that take place in the workplace (Rinehart, Kit #17).
Ideological Conditions: Describe the worldview of people in market society according to Weber. Discuss this in terms of the connection between the “Protestant work ethic” and the “spirit of capitalism” (Weber summarized by Bendix, Kit #18).Explain the importance of these ideological conditions for the emergence of market society.
Conclude by summarizing why the shift to market society is a fundamental transformation. Include both material and ideological conditions in this conclusion.
Points
SOSC1140 9.0: SELF, CULTURE AND SOCIETY LECTURE 12
THE ECONOMIC PROBLEM – KIT #15 THE ECONOMIC PROBLEM [Review: See Notes From Last Lecture Of First Term]
“[T]he economic problem is simply the process of providing for the material well-being of society” (Heilbroner 1).
The Division of Labour The Myth of Scarcity Production Mobilizing Effort Allocating Effort Distribution Distributing Output
THREE SOLUTIONS TO THE ECONOMIC PROBLEM
TRADITION PROBLEMS IN TRADITION
COMMAND PROBLEMS IN COMMAND MARKET PROBLEMS IN THE MARKET SOLUTION
** EXPLAINING THE MARKET TO TRADITIONAL PEOPLES !! **
MARKET SOCIETY – KIT #16
Previous Modes of Economic Organization (Polanyi)
Reciprocity, Gift-Giving and Redistribution
Symmetry and Centricity
Householding
MARKET ECONOMY
SELF-REGULATION “A market economy is an economic system controlled, regulated, and directed by markets alone; order in the production and distribution of good is entrusted to this self-regulating mechanism” (Polanyi 68). “Market economy implies a self-regulating system of markets… it is an economy directed by market prices and nothing but market prices” (43).
“ECONOMIC MAN” The Three Fictitious Commodities
Labour ⇒ Wages Land ⇒ Rent Money ⇒ Interest
MARKET SOCIETY
The “Economic” Becomes Primary
Shift in Relations Between Economy and Social Relations
SOSC1140 9.0: SELF, CULTURE AND SOCIETY LECTURE 13.1
DEVELOPMENT OF INDUSTRIAL CAPITALISM (REINHART - KIT #17)
A. PRE-INDUSTRIAL Independent Production Diverse Talents; Skilled Labour Undifferentiated Work - Minimal Division of Labour Control of Workplace by Most Skilled Artisan Widespread and Shared Ownership Ta ...
Capitalism and SocialismWeek-14Socialist alternatives to cap
Capitalism and Socialism
Week-14
Socialist alternatives to capitalism Marx to Hayek; Vienna to Santa Fe
Utopian and scientific socialism
An important and persistent strain in this revolutionary discourse viewed the demonstrated (though not yet fully exploited) increases in productive power unleashed by the Industrial Revolution as offering for the first time in human history the possibility of creating a human society freed from material poverty and even scarcity of basic goods. “Perfectibilists” such as William Godwin argued for a rational reconstruction of social institutions to realize these possibilities, engendering an intellectual reaction from figures such as Thomas Malthus, who proposed to demonstrate “mathematically” that population growth would doom such projects.
“Really existing” capitalism proved quite capable of achieving enormous increases in social productive powers, but fickle in the distribution of the resulting gains. Industrial entrepreneurs accumulated fortunes, a growing “middle class” representing a significant minority of the population found niches that provided a degree of security and comfort in the exploding division of labor, but by and large productive workers found themselves subject to fierce competition for jobs that sharply limited their economic gains. These disparities were dramatic enough in the few parts of the world experiencing industrialization to interest many, particularly of the middle classes, in projects for a more rational and egalitarian organization of social production and income distribution.
Karl Marx’s political thought centered on the unfinished business of the French Revolution, which had transformed the landscape of European politics, weakening the monopoly on power of ancien regime landed interests and revealing the nascent strength of the industrial and financial bourgeoisie. The democratic and egalitarian ideological impulses unleashed by the revolutionary moment pointed toward a more complete transformation of European society; in class terms the growing proletariat of industrial workers, increasingly organized and united to secure economic gains, provided the political base for such a transformational project.
Utopian and scientific socialism
Marx seems to have had the “vision” that one end of this conundrum would supply the solution to the other. Marx did see that the combination of Smithian increases in the use value productivity of labor due to the extension of the division of labor and Malthusian pressures keeping wages close to subsistence would lead to an unbounded rise in the rate of exploitation. This trajectory of capitalist accumulation does pose some purely economic problems, mainly the question of where the aggregate demand to realize the potential product will come from; but it raises the even more explosive political question of how the small minority of capitalists can repress a working class which is so productive and sharing so little in the fruits of its own p ...
427 lecture marxism (small)
This document discusses various perspectives on whether Marxism is still a relevant theory for understanding world politics. It summarizes views from Stephen Walt, Bova, Ellen Meiksins Wood, and Robert Halliday. Walt argues Marxism was discredited before the Cold War ended, but his view of Marxism is oversimplified. Bova and Halliday believe certain aspects of Marxism, such as its structural analysis of conflict, remain relevant. Wood argues this is the best time to reexamine Marxism given capitalism's global reach. The document also outlines some key tenets of historical materialism and discusses how Marxism provides insights into state behavior and conflicts in world politics.
C a l i f o r n i a S t a t e U n i v e r s i t yJ O H.docx
C a l i f o r n i a S t a t e
U n i v e r s i t y
J O H N S P O O R
B R O O M E L I B R A R Y
C H A N N E L
I S L A N D S
John Spoor Broome Library
eReserves Cover Sheet
COPYRIGHT NOTICE
The copyright law of the United States (Title 17, United States Code) governs the
making of photocopies or other reproductions of copyrighted materials.
Staff and students of this university are reminded that copyright exists in this
extract and the work from which it was taken.
You may access and download a copy or print out a copy of this extract. You
may retain this copy after the end of the course, but strictly for your own
personal use (private study, scholarship, or research).
No further copying, storage, or distribution (including by email) is permitted
without the consent of the copyright holder.
All copies (including electronic copies) shall include this copyright notice and shall
be destroyed and/or deleted if and when required by the university.
Course Number: SOC 421
Instructor authorizing: Jepson
Extracted from (source citation): Modern sociological theory / George Ritzer, Douglas
J. Goodman. New York: McGraw-Hill, 2004
Source owned by: Instructor
4
VARIETIES OF
NEO-MARXIAN THEORY
ECONOMIC DETERMINISM
HEGELIAN MARXISM
Georg Lukacs
Antonio Gramsci
CRITICAL THEORY
The Major Critiques o f Social and Intellectual L ife
The Major Contributions
Criticisms o f Critical Theory
The Ideas o f Jurgen Habermas
Critical Theory Today
NEO-MARXIAN ECONOMIC SO CIOLOG Y
Capital and Labor
Fordism and Post-Fordism
HISTORICALLY ORIENTED M A R X ISM
The Modem World-Systern
NEO-MARXIAN SPATIAL A NA LY SIS
The Production o f Space
Trialectics
Spaces o f Hope
POST-MARXIST THEORY
Analytical Marxism
Postmodern Marxian Theory
After Marxism
Criticisms o f Post-Marxism
132
In this chapter we deal with a variety of theories that are better reflections o f M arx’s
ideas than are the conflict theories discussed at the close of the preceding chapter. Al
though each of the theories discussed here is derived from Marx’s theory, there are many
important differences among them.
ECONOMIC DETERMINISM
Marx often sounded like an economic determinist; that is, he seemed to consider the
economic system of paramount importance and to argue that it determined all other sec
tors of society—politics, religion, idea systems, and so forth. Although Marx did see the
economic sector as preeminent, at least in capitalist society, as a dialectician he could
not have taken a deterministic position, because the dialectic is characterized by the no
tion that there is continual feedback and mutual interaction among the various sectors of
society. Politics, religion, and so on, cannot be reduced to epiphenomena determined by
the economy, because they affect the economy just as they are affected by it. Despite the
nature of the dialectic, Marx still is interpreted as an economic determinist. Although
some aspects of M ...
Capitalism and SocialismWeek-13The (Im-)Possibility of Ratio
Capitalism and Socialism
Week-13
The (Im-)Possibility of Rational Socialism: Mises in China’s Market Reform Debates – Isabella M. Weber
How the Austrian critique of socialist economics was mobilized by radical Chinese reform economists to reinterpret the meaning and content of Chinese socialism culminating in the official designation of the new economic system as Socialist Market Economy with Chinese Characteristics in 1992?
Many of China’s prominent promoters of Austrian economics of the 1930s and 1940s fled to Taiwan where they pioneered the translation of Mises, Hayek, Röpke and others and lobbied for neoliberal economic policies. In contrast, after the Communist revolution in 1949 Austrian economics largely vanished in the People’s Republic except for a short revival from the viewpoint of critique in the late 1950s and early 1960s.
The disaster of the Great Leap Forward and the catastrophe of the Great Famine posed again the question of the right economic system and the role of the law of value under socialism in China’s young People’s Republic. In this context, Soviet-trained Sun Yefang pioneered the demand for socialist markets inspired by Oscar Lange and the Socialist Calculation Debate. In 1962 Teng Weizao translated Hayek’s (1944) The Road to Serfdom. Teng assures that the purpose of this translation was criticism. Yet, given the failure of the great push for collectivization that was becoming apparent at the time, Hayek’s critique of collectivism must have resonated with some of Teng’s readers. Some 20 years later, this Austrian critique and Mises’ claim of the impossibility of a rational socialist economy was embraced by some prominent Chinese reform economists and political leaders. It came to play a role in the redefinition of China’s economic model in the 1980s and early 1990s.
During the Cultural Revolution, Mao had rejected the notions of efficiency and rational economic management. In the late 1970s, the reformers under Deng Xiaoping’s leadership elevated these notions to highest principle. As a result, Mises’ (1920) critique that socialism could not achieve a rational economic order came to be debated throughout the 1980s and Chinese economists developed their own reading of Mises and the Socialist Calculation Debate. When market reforms were reinstated in the 1990s after having been stalled since the Tiananmen crackdown, a history of thought review of the possibility of rational socialism and socialist markets by Jiang Chunze helped to justify the Socialist Market Economy with Chinese Characteristics as the new official designation of China’s economic system and target for reform.
How Mises Became Relevant to China’s Reform
The breaking down of the hope for a “communist dreamland”, the collapse of the “revolution’s emancipatory promises” and the exhaustion of the “original communist strength” that gave way to a reorientation from Mao’s emphasis on ‘continuous revolution’ to Deng Xiaoping’s ‘reform and opening up’. Pe ...
Lesson 7--russell-brand-and-revisionist-socialism
This document outlines several key concepts related to socialism, including:
1) Revisionist Marxism which critiqued Marx's failed predictions about capitalism and argued that capitalism has proven more resilient.
2) Keynesian social democracy which advocated for a mixed economy, economic management of capitalism to ensure full employment, and welfare states to promote equality through redistribution.
3) The tension within social democracy between commitments to equality and economic efficiency, which became highlighted during the 1970s recession and led to the collapse of traditional social democracy in places like the UK.
Utopians and Marx
This document outlines a class discussion on chapters 5 and 6 of Heilbroner focusing on the economic contributions and theories of Robert Owen, Saint-Simon, Fourier, Mill, and Karl Marx. It discusses Marx's labor theory of value, theory of exploitation, laws of motion, and contributions as well as analytical flaws in his theories regarding labor theory of value, theory of exploitation, capital accumulation, and class conflict.
Essay On Communism.pdf
This document discusses the challenges of writing an essay on the topic of communism. It notes that crafting such an essay requires a comprehensive understanding of political ideologies, historical contexts, and economic theories. It emphasizes the need to explore the origins and theoretical underpinnings of communism as outlined by Marx and Engels. It also stresses the importance of examining both the successes and failures of real-world communist systems while maintaining a balanced perspective. Finally, it concludes that writing an essay on communism is an intellectually demanding task that necessitates careful research, critical analysis, and a nuanced approach to navigate its complexities.
Recommended
Essay OutlineNOTE This paper integrates material and ideologica.docx
Essay Outline
NOTE: This paper integrates material and ideological conditions. Be sure to balance the two in your paper. Avoid the mistake of placing more emphasis on material conditions simply because they involve three authors. It may help to think of the paper as 40% on ideological conditions.
Material Conditions: Polanyi refers to the emergence of market society as “the great transformation”(Polanyi, Kit #16). Discuss what characterizes market society and show why this transformation is so significant. Include a few points about how market society differs from the structures of previous social organizations in order to stress the importance of this development (Heilbroner, Kit #15 and Polanyi, Kit#16). Also, present some of the changes that take place in the workplace (Rinehart, Kit #17).
Ideological Conditions: Describe the worldview of people in market society according to Weber. Discuss this in terms of the connection between the “Protestant work ethic” and the “spirit of capitalism” (Weber summarized by Bendix, Kit #18).Explain the importance of these ideological conditions for the emergence of market society.
Conclude by summarizing why the shift to market society is a fundamental transformation. Include both material and ideological conditions in this conclusion.
Points
SOSC1140 9.0: SELF, CULTURE AND SOCIETY LECTURE 12
THE ECONOMIC PROBLEM – KIT #15 THE ECONOMIC PROBLEM [Review: See Notes From Last Lecture Of First Term]
“[T]he economic problem is simply the process of providing for the material well-being of society” (Heilbroner 1).
The Division of Labour The Myth of Scarcity Production Mobilizing Effort Allocating Effort Distribution Distributing Output
THREE SOLUTIONS TO THE ECONOMIC PROBLEM
TRADITION PROBLEMS IN TRADITION
COMMAND PROBLEMS IN COMMAND MARKET PROBLEMS IN THE MARKET SOLUTION
** EXPLAINING THE MARKET TO TRADITIONAL PEOPLES !! **
MARKET SOCIETY – KIT #16
Previous Modes of Economic Organization (Polanyi)
Reciprocity, Gift-Giving and Redistribution
Symmetry and Centricity
Householding
MARKET ECONOMY
SELF-REGULATION “A market economy is an economic system controlled, regulated, and directed by markets alone; order in the production and distribution of good is entrusted to this self-regulating mechanism” (Polanyi 68). “Market economy implies a self-regulating system of markets… it is an economy directed by market prices and nothing but market prices” (43).
“ECONOMIC MAN” The Three Fictitious Commodities
Labour ⇒ Wages Land ⇒ Rent Money ⇒ Interest
MARKET SOCIETY
The “Economic” Becomes Primary
Shift in Relations Between Economy and Social Relations
SOSC1140 9.0: SELF, CULTURE AND SOCIETY LECTURE 13.1
DEVELOPMENT OF INDUSTRIAL CAPITALISM (REINHART - KIT #17)
A. PRE-INDUSTRIAL Independent Production Diverse Talents; Skilled Labour Undifferentiated Work - Minimal Division of Labour Control of Workplace by Most Skilled Artisan Widespread and Shared Ownership Ta ...
Capitalism and SocialismWeek-14Socialist alternatives to cap
Capitalism and Socialism
Week-14
Socialist alternatives to capitalism Marx to Hayek; Vienna to Santa Fe
Utopian and scientific socialism
An important and persistent strain in this revolutionary discourse viewed the demonstrated (though not yet fully exploited) increases in productive power unleashed by the Industrial Revolution as offering for the first time in human history the possibility of creating a human society freed from material poverty and even scarcity of basic goods. “Perfectibilists” such as William Godwin argued for a rational reconstruction of social institutions to realize these possibilities, engendering an intellectual reaction from figures such as Thomas Malthus, who proposed to demonstrate “mathematically” that population growth would doom such projects.
“Really existing” capitalism proved quite capable of achieving enormous increases in social productive powers, but fickle in the distribution of the resulting gains. Industrial entrepreneurs accumulated fortunes, a growing “middle class” representing a significant minority of the population found niches that provided a degree of security and comfort in the exploding division of labor, but by and large productive workers found themselves subject to fierce competition for jobs that sharply limited their economic gains. These disparities were dramatic enough in the few parts of the world experiencing industrialization to interest many, particularly of the middle classes, in projects for a more rational and egalitarian organization of social production and income distribution.
Karl Marx’s political thought centered on the unfinished business of the French Revolution, which had transformed the landscape of European politics, weakening the monopoly on power of ancien regime landed interests and revealing the nascent strength of the industrial and financial bourgeoisie. The democratic and egalitarian ideological impulses unleashed by the revolutionary moment pointed toward a more complete transformation of European society; in class terms the growing proletariat of industrial workers, increasingly organized and united to secure economic gains, provided the political base for such a transformational project.
Utopian and scientific socialism
Marx seems to have had the “vision” that one end of this conundrum would supply the solution to the other. Marx did see that the combination of Smithian increases in the use value productivity of labor due to the extension of the division of labor and Malthusian pressures keeping wages close to subsistence would lead to an unbounded rise in the rate of exploitation. This trajectory of capitalist accumulation does pose some purely economic problems, mainly the question of where the aggregate demand to realize the potential product will come from; but it raises the even more explosive political question of how the small minority of capitalists can repress a working class which is so productive and sharing so little in the fruits of its own p ...
427 lecture marxism (small)
This document discusses various perspectives on whether Marxism is still a relevant theory for understanding world politics. It summarizes views from Stephen Walt, Bova, Ellen Meiksins Wood, and Robert Halliday. Walt argues Marxism was discredited before the Cold War ended, but his view of Marxism is oversimplified. Bova and Halliday believe certain aspects of Marxism, such as its structural analysis of conflict, remain relevant. Wood argues this is the best time to reexamine Marxism given capitalism's global reach. The document also outlines some key tenets of historical materialism and discusses how Marxism provides insights into state behavior and conflicts in world politics.
C a l i f o r n i a S t a t e U n i v e r s i t yJ O H.docx
C a l i f o r n i a S t a t e
U n i v e r s i t y
J O H N S P O O R
B R O O M E L I B R A R Y
C H A N N E L
I S L A N D S
John Spoor Broome Library
eReserves Cover Sheet
COPYRIGHT NOTICE
The copyright law of the United States (Title 17, United States Code) governs the
making of photocopies or other reproductions of copyrighted materials.
Staff and students of this university are reminded that copyright exists in this
extract and the work from which it was taken.
You may access and download a copy or print out a copy of this extract. You
may retain this copy after the end of the course, but strictly for your own
personal use (private study, scholarship, or research).
No further copying, storage, or distribution (including by email) is permitted
without the consent of the copyright holder.
All copies (including electronic copies) shall include this copyright notice and shall
be destroyed and/or deleted if and when required by the university.
Course Number: SOC 421
Instructor authorizing: Jepson
Extracted from (source citation): Modern sociological theory / George Ritzer, Douglas
J. Goodman. New York: McGraw-Hill, 2004
Source owned by: Instructor
4
VARIETIES OF
NEO-MARXIAN THEORY
ECONOMIC DETERMINISM
HEGELIAN MARXISM
Georg Lukacs
Antonio Gramsci
CRITICAL THEORY
The Major Critiques o f Social and Intellectual L ife
The Major Contributions
Criticisms o f Critical Theory
The Ideas o f Jurgen Habermas
Critical Theory Today
NEO-MARXIAN ECONOMIC SO CIOLOG Y
Capital and Labor
Fordism and Post-Fordism
HISTORICALLY ORIENTED M A R X ISM
The Modem World-Systern
NEO-MARXIAN SPATIAL A NA LY SIS
The Production o f Space
Trialectics
Spaces o f Hope
POST-MARXIST THEORY
Analytical Marxism
Postmodern Marxian Theory
After Marxism
Criticisms o f Post-Marxism
132
In this chapter we deal with a variety of theories that are better reflections o f M arx’s
ideas than are the conflict theories discussed at the close of the preceding chapter. Al
though each of the theories discussed here is derived from Marx’s theory, there are many
important differences among them.
ECONOMIC DETERMINISM
Marx often sounded like an economic determinist; that is, he seemed to consider the
economic system of paramount importance and to argue that it determined all other sec
tors of society—politics, religion, idea systems, and so forth. Although Marx did see the
economic sector as preeminent, at least in capitalist society, as a dialectician he could
not have taken a deterministic position, because the dialectic is characterized by the no
tion that there is continual feedback and mutual interaction among the various sectors of
society. Politics, religion, and so on, cannot be reduced to epiphenomena determined by
the economy, because they affect the economy just as they are affected by it. Despite the
nature of the dialectic, Marx still is interpreted as an economic determinist. Although
some aspects of M ...
Capitalism and SocialismWeek-13The (Im-)Possibility of Ratio
Capitalism and Socialism
Week-13
The (Im-)Possibility of Rational Socialism: Mises in China’s Market Reform Debates – Isabella M. Weber
How the Austrian critique of socialist economics was mobilized by radical Chinese reform economists to reinterpret the meaning and content of Chinese socialism culminating in the official designation of the new economic system as Socialist Market Economy with Chinese Characteristics in 1992?
Many of China’s prominent promoters of Austrian economics of the 1930s and 1940s fled to Taiwan where they pioneered the translation of Mises, Hayek, Röpke and others and lobbied for neoliberal economic policies. In contrast, after the Communist revolution in 1949 Austrian economics largely vanished in the People’s Republic except for a short revival from the viewpoint of critique in the late 1950s and early 1960s.
The disaster of the Great Leap Forward and the catastrophe of the Great Famine posed again the question of the right economic system and the role of the law of value under socialism in China’s young People’s Republic. In this context, Soviet-trained Sun Yefang pioneered the demand for socialist markets inspired by Oscar Lange and the Socialist Calculation Debate. In 1962 Teng Weizao translated Hayek’s (1944) The Road to Serfdom. Teng assures that the purpose of this translation was criticism. Yet, given the failure of the great push for collectivization that was becoming apparent at the time, Hayek’s critique of collectivism must have resonated with some of Teng’s readers. Some 20 years later, this Austrian critique and Mises’ claim of the impossibility of a rational socialist economy was embraced by some prominent Chinese reform economists and political leaders. It came to play a role in the redefinition of China’s economic model in the 1980s and early 1990s.
During the Cultural Revolution, Mao had rejected the notions of efficiency and rational economic management. In the late 1970s, the reformers under Deng Xiaoping’s leadership elevated these notions to highest principle. As a result, Mises’ (1920) critique that socialism could not achieve a rational economic order came to be debated throughout the 1980s and Chinese economists developed their own reading of Mises and the Socialist Calculation Debate. When market reforms were reinstated in the 1990s after having been stalled since the Tiananmen crackdown, a history of thought review of the possibility of rational socialism and socialist markets by Jiang Chunze helped to justify the Socialist Market Economy with Chinese Characteristics as the new official designation of China’s economic system and target for reform.
How Mises Became Relevant to China’s Reform
The breaking down of the hope for a “communist dreamland”, the collapse of the “revolution’s emancipatory promises” and the exhaustion of the “original communist strength” that gave way to a reorientation from Mao’s emphasis on ‘continuous revolution’ to Deng Xiaoping’s ‘reform and opening up’. Pe ...
Lesson 7--russell-brand-and-revisionist-socialism
This document outlines several key concepts related to socialism, including:
1) Revisionist Marxism which critiqued Marx's failed predictions about capitalism and argued that capitalism has proven more resilient.
2) Keynesian social democracy which advocated for a mixed economy, economic management of capitalism to ensure full employment, and welfare states to promote equality through redistribution.
3) The tension within social democracy between commitments to equality and economic efficiency, which became highlighted during the 1970s recession and led to the collapse of traditional social democracy in places like the UK.
Utopians and Marx
This document outlines a class discussion on chapters 5 and 6 of Heilbroner focusing on the economic contributions and theories of Robert Owen, Saint-Simon, Fourier, Mill, and Karl Marx. It discusses Marx's labor theory of value, theory of exploitation, laws of motion, and contributions as well as analytical flaws in his theories regarding labor theory of value, theory of exploitation, capital accumulation, and class conflict.
Essay On Communism.pdf
This document discusses the challenges of writing an essay on the topic of communism. It notes that crafting such an essay requires a comprehensive understanding of political ideologies, historical contexts, and economic theories. It emphasizes the need to explore the origins and theoretical underpinnings of communism as outlined by Marx and Engels. It also stresses the importance of examining both the successes and failures of real-world communist systems while maintaining a balanced perspective. Finally, it concludes that writing an essay on communism is an intellectually demanding task that necessitates careful research, critical analysis, and a nuanced approach to navigate its complexities.
In order to prepare us for the historical context that.pdf
This document provides context for understanding the differences between communism and socialism. It discusses the origins of each ideology and how they differ in their views on private property, government control of the economy, and approaches to achieving their visions. While communism aims to abolish private property and classes through revolution, socialism allows some private property and seeks to achieve social reforms democratically. No country has fully achieved either pure communism or socialism in practice.
In order to prepare us for the historical context that.pdf
The document provides an overview of the key differences between communism and socialism. It explains that while both ideologies advocate for public rather than private ownership, communism involves a complete lack of private property and a centrally planned economy, whereas socialism allows some private property and a market-based economy. It also notes that communism aims to achieve its goals through violent revolution, whereas socialism seeks to enact reforms through democratic processes. No country has fully achieved a purely communist or socialist system in practice. Elements of socialism have been adopted to varying degrees in many countries through social programs and policies.
Overview This purpose of the week 13 discussion board is to e.docx
Overview:
This purpose of the week 13 discussion board is to examine population and urbanization. Answer prompt 1. Then select and answer one prompt from prompts 2-5. Refer to Chapter 15 to answer the prompts.
Instructions:
Respond to prompts in paragraph form (200-400 words)
Prompt 1:
Describe 3 topics from Chapter 15 that you found interesting. Three topics I found interesting in Chapter 15 were invasion, succession, and gentrification.
Prompt 2:
Define demography and explain the three processes that produce changes in populations.
Prompt 3:
Discuss Malthusian, Marxist, and neo Malthusian perspectives on population as well as demographic transition theory.
Prompt 4:
Explain how cities develop through preindustrial, industrial, and postindustrial stages.
Prompt 5:
Identify the best-case and worst-case scenarios regarding population and urban growth in the twenty-first century, and discuss how some of the worst-case
scenarios might be averted.
Search entries or author
.
Understanding Marxism.docx
Welcome to Tap For Tech, the leading digital marketing company in Lucknow! We specialize in providing comprehensive digital marketing solutions that help businesses thrive in the online world. With our cutting-edge strategies, innovative techniques, and a team of experts, we are committed to delivering outstanding results for our clients.
Economic Sociology
Economic sociology studies the social causes and effects of economic phenomena. The field emerged in the late 19th century with scholars like Weber, Durkheim, and Marx examining the impact of modernity and capitalism on society. Contemporary economic sociology, established by Granovetter in 1985, focuses on how social relationships and networks influence economic outcomes through the concept of embeddedness. It uses social network analysis to understand how social structures shape economic actions and outcomes.
Theories of Max Weber/
Max Weber was a German sociologist who developed influential theories of social action and stratification. According to Weber's theory of social action, social behavior is guided by subjective meanings and orientations. He identified four types of social action - rational, value-rational, affective, and traditional. Weber also developed a three-component theory of stratification that classified people based on class, status, and power. Weber argued that Protestantism and the Protestant work ethic influenced the emergence of capitalism's rational spirit. He analyzed how religious beliefs shaped entrepreneurship and economic behavior.
Dezhao Chen Week 6 DiscussionCOLLAPSETop of FormQ1. Given
Dezhao Chen
Week 6 Discussion
COLLAPSE
Top of Form
Q1. Given the similarities and differences of three contending theories (Marxism, Neoclassical and Keynesianism) that you have learned in the class, briefly analyze the key factors that contributed to the decline of economic systems under Marxism in the late 20th century in the countries of Eastern Europe and East Asia. Give specific examples as part of your answers
The Marxist theory’s most fundamental principle is that it, ‘… sought to transform capitalist Europe into a cooperative commonwealth of freethinkers, and often called “socialism” or “communism.” (p. 135). The theory was that everyone would work for the better good of the state and others. The major pillars of Marxism and production are culture, politics and the natural climate. Marxism created tension in these three spheres as Wolff and Resnick (2012) say,
This in turn implies that the economy is always in a state of tension and change. A change in climate will favor some kinds of production and distribution and inhibit others. Changing political trends will favor and inhibit certain kinds of production and distribution. Changing cultural patterns too will stimulate some kinds of production and distribution and stifle others. (p. 144)
Besides the tension in the three spheres, another reason why Marxism collapsed especially in Russia is due to mismanagement and corruption. Marxism states that the fundamental power is to be given to workers and overproduction is supposed to benefit them. However this was not the case in Russia whereby greedy heads of government took over the benefits that came with the laborer’s work.
Q2. In understanding the process of rapid transformation of economic systems in many nations in the world from the beginning of 1990s, briefly explain why freedom to choose the right theoretical foundations still do matter to develop an appropriate economic system for economic growth and better income distribution of a society.
The freedom to choose the right theoretical foundations to follow as a nation whether neoclassic, Marxism or Keynesian theory is fundamental because it affects how people in the country see the world. For example Americans who live in a capitalist society view the world differently to Russians who are socialists and communists. Wolff and Resnick (2012) say that,
It follows that individuals will likely act differently depending on which theory they use in thinking about the economic aspects of their lives and social surroundings. As with theories people use to understand other objects of interest. to them (love, nature, politics, etc.), economic theories have conscious and unconscious effects on how people think and act. (p. 348)
Due to the fact that the economic system that the people of a country will choose will affect their lives, they should be the ones to develop an economic system that they feel will be of most benefit to them.
References
Wolff, R. D., & Resnick, S. A. (2012). Contendi ...
3 Parts Label the Question #’s that was answeredRead the instruc.docx
3 Parts Label the Question #’s that was answered
Read the instructions and questions carefully before you answer.
Part I. Short Essay (60% for Part I, 20% per question). Answer three of the following five questions
(suggested length: 2 paragraphs each; est. time for this section: 35-40 mins).
1. According to Weber and Marx, why do people participate in capitalism? What are the main differences in their views?
2. Marx argued that capitalism has two main types of circulation: C-M-C and M-C-M’. How do these two types of circulation explain the widening inequality between workers (the proletariat) and capitalists (the bourgeoisie)?
3. Marx argued that the economic base of a society is the most important cause of the superstructure (the realm of ideas, culture, and the government). Does Du Bois agree, disagree, or both? How?
4. Smith and Marx both saw the division of labor as a key element of capitalism. Define the division of labor. Describe one way in which Smith and Marx agree about the consequences of the division of labor and one way in which Smith and Marx disagree about the consequences of the division of labor.
5. Marx argues that as capitalism develops, people should gain a clearer understanding of their class interests. Does Weber agree, disagree, or both? How?
PART II. Text Commentary (30%). choose only one of these two texts.
(suggested length: 3-4 paragraphs; est. time: 20-25 mins)
Analyze one of the two texts below. Your analysis should have three parts:
(1) Explain the meaning of each text in your own words.
(2) Analyze its significance to the author’s general theory.
(3) Tell us whether or not you believe this text is relevant for understanding social life today and why.
IIA- FROM W. E. B. DU BOIS, BLACK RECONSTRUCTION IN AMERICA
“The theory of laboring class unity rests upon the assumption that laborers, despite internal jealousies, will unite because of their opposition to exploitation by the capitalists. According to this, even after a part of the poor white laboring class became identified with the planters, and eventually displaced them, their interests would be diametrically opposed to those of the mass of white labor, and of course to those of the black laborers. This would throw white and black labor into one class, and precipitate a united fight for higher wage and better working conditions. Most persons do not realize how far this failed to work in the South, and it failed to work because the theory of race was supplemented by a carefully planned and slowly evolved method, which drove such a wedge between the white and black workers that there probably are not today in the world two groups of workers with practically identical interests who hate and fear each other so deeply and persistently and who are kept so far apart that neither sees anything of common interest. It must be remembered that the white group of laborers, while they received a low wage, were compensated in part by a sort of public and psychol ...
Upsc political philosophies like communism, capitalism, socialism etc. - th...
Educaterer India is an unique combination of passion driven into a hobby which makes an awesome profession. We carve the lives of enthusiastic candidates to a perfect professional who can impress upon the mindsets of the industry, while following the established traditions, can dare to set new standards to follow. We don't want you to be the part of the crowd, rather we like to make you the reason of the crowd.
Today's Effort For A Better Tomorrow
Manifesto of the communist party
The Manifesto of the Communist Party outlines Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels' vision of communism and its differences from other socialist movements of the time. They argue that capitalism inevitably leads to conflict between the bourgeoisie and proletariat as the working class grows larger and poorer. The proletariat must unite to overthrow the bourgeoisie and establish a classless society without private property.
Pessimism of the Intellect, Pessimism of the Will A Respons.docx
Pessimism of the Intellect, Pessimism of the
Will? A Response to Gunder Frank*
Henry Bernstein and Howard Nicholas
The contribution of the work of Andre Cunder Frank to debates
about the nature of Third World ‘underdevelopment’ over the past
twenty years is well known, and its significance widely acknow-
ledged. The arguments that he has consistently put forward have
been assimilated into the broad mainstream of contemporary anti-
imperialist ideology. Also well known are a number of criticisms of
the approach of Frank and other writers of the ‘dependency’
school. The extension of Frank’s influential version of dependency
theory to the current recession in the world economy and its effects
for the Third World, provides an opportunity to reconsider his
position, with particular reference to its political and ideological
implications. This is the principal focus of our response, which we
begin with a brief resume of Frank’s main theses and of criticisms
of their theoretical and methodological bases.
FRANK’S THESIS A N D ITS CRITIQUE
The following points summarize the main themes and conclusions
of Frank’s argument.
1 . Frank’s theory is concerned, above all, with the distribution of
the surplus product (or ‘economic surplus’, Frank 1975) between
*A. Gunder Frank: ‘Global Crisis and Transformation’, Developmen1 ond Change.
Vol. 14. 3 , 3 2 3 - 4 6 .
Developmenr and Change (SAGE. London. Beverly Hills and New Delhi).
Vol. 14 I 1 983). 609-624
610 Henry Bernsrein and Howard Nicholas
countries or groups of countries. National economies compete to
maximize surplus appropriation, and the extent to which they are
able t o d o so rests on their possession (or lack of possession) of
certain types of monopoly power in international economic
relations. Successful surplus appropriation is the key condition
of accumulation and hence development, although other factors
also have a role, for example, adequate levels of effective
demand and technical change.
2. While all countries were originally ‘undeveloped’. the advanced
capitalist countries (DCs) were able t o achieve a path of
(‘normal’) capitalist development denied to the countries of the
Third World (UDCs). The two categories can be grouped in
terms of ‘metropole’ and ‘satellite’ or ‘centre’ and ‘periphery’.
3. The UDCs were actively underdeveloped as a consequence of
their forced integration with the capitalist world economy,
through which they became exporters of primary products (and
also sources of effective demand for exports from the DCs). The
economies of UDCs are locked into a structural relation of
dependence on those of the DCs, whose reproduction needs they
are compelled to satisfy. This occurs through a variety of
mechanisms - international trade (unequal exchange), invest-
ment, aid, technology transfer, transfer pricing etc. - the result
of which is a ‘drain’ of surplus from UDCs t o DCs, thereby
restricting the accum ...
Social movements
This document discusses theories of social change and social movements. It covers evolutionary and revolutionary views of social change, as well as early social evolutionary theories from the 19th century and more modern resource mobilization and new social movement theories. Key figures discussed include Marx, Weber, Bell, and Castells. The document also defines key terms like social change, cultural lag, and globalization and provides discussion questions about different aspects of social change and social movement theories.
Marxism
Karl Marx was a German economist and philosopher who developed Marxist principles and theories of communism. His most notable works included The Communist Manifesto and Das Kapital. When analyzing a text using Marxist criticism, one should consider the social classes involved in the text's publication and story, how different classes interact, and whether certain classes are portrayed positively or negatively. Analyzing Romeo and Juliet through this lens involves considering themes in the work, background on author William Shakespeare, and how Marxist ideas are present.
Social science lecture 1(part-2) ppt summer 2011
Sociology is the systematic study of human society and social behavior. It examines how societies are structured and how social relationships influence individual behavior. There are three main theoretical perspectives in sociology: functionalism, conflict theory, and symbolic interactionism. Functionalism views society as a system whose parts work together to promote stability. Conflict theory emphasizes social change and power struggles between groups. Symbolic interactionism focuses on how people interact and influence each other on a small scale through symbols and their own interpretations. Sociologists use multiple perspectives to gain a well-rounded understanding of social issues and human behavior.
Lesson 4
This document discusses Marxism and Symbolic Interactionism and their importance in examining socio-cultural, economic, and political conditions. It provides an overview of key aspects of Marxism including its theories of class struggle between the bourgeoisie and proletariat under capitalism. It also discusses Symbolic Interactionism and how people derive meaning from symbols and social interactions. Operant conditioning principles are explained as they relate to both theories.
marxism.pptx
Marxism is a social and economic theory developed by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels that views society and history in terms of class struggle between the bourgeoisie and proletariat. During the Industrial Revolution, capitalism emerged and created two main classes - the bourgeoisie who owned the means of production and the proletariat who were workers selling their labor. Marx argued that the proletariat experienced exploitation and oppression as they were paid low wages despite producing profits for the bourgeoisie. This inequality and oppression led to class conflict and the need for a communist revolution that would establish a classless society with common ownership.
Marxism Vs. Capitalism
This document provides an overview of the breadth portion of a Knowledge Area Module examining theories of social change, specifically comparing Marxism and capitalism. It discusses:
1) The role of the individual according to Marx/Engels, Weber, and the early Plymouth Plantation community. Marxism sees individuals subordinating to the party, while Weber emphasizes individual responsibility and pursuit of a calling. The Plymouth colonists started communally but later adopted free market principles.
2) The theoretical process by which individuals can enact social change according to Marx/Engels, starting from local unions and developing into a national revolutionary movement.
3) How the writings of Marx/Engels, Weber, and the experiences of the Plymouth
Economic sociology: Introduction
Economic sociology is a new field of study under the wide umbrella of Sociology and it simply concerns about the Social economy; area which can not be purely studied by neither Sociology nor Economics. This will hope fully help the students of Sociology, economics as well as economic sociology students if any.
Victorians, Veblen, and Keynes
This document outlines topics and discussion questions related to chapters 7 and 8 of Heilbroner's work. It covers the significance of mathematics to economics, Hobson's views on imperialism, underground economists like Henry George, the business climate in the late 1800s, Veblen's theories of the leisure class and business enterprise, and John Maynard Keynes' early works and heretical economic theories. The document provides discussion prompts and activities for students to analyze these economic concepts and theories in more depth.
1st Chapter
Larissa is a 49-year-old Russian divorcee who has struggled with the transition to capitalism after the fall of the Soviet Union. She was well-educated and had a good career as an engineer, accumulating financial assets. However, 10 years after the transition she was barely getting by financially and her social status had declined. The document discusses the difficulties individuals had in transforming themselves ("perestroika") with the economic changes. It also questions whether mainstream economists adequately considered how Soviet citizens' identities and behaviors would need to change for a market system to work.
Speak to the idea of feminism from your perspective and.docx
The document asks students to discuss their perspectives on feminism by answering several questions: 1) What they were taught about feminism by family/culture, 2) If they identify as a feminist and how that label may change based on audience, 3) The most important issue regarding feminism/gender equality today, 4) Whether the quote about privilege and equality resonates regarding gender, and 5) What they wish another gender understood about their experiences. Students are asked to write a minimum 270-word initial post responding to the questions.
What is the logic behind How.docx
Demand/Supply Integration (DSI) aims to align demand signals with supply planning to achieve an ideal state where inventory levels and production schedules match customer demand. However, issues like data or system silos between functions can prevent the ideal DSI state. Warehouses and distribution centers create value in the supply chain by storing inventory in strategic locations to efficiently meet customer demand and support supply chain operations.
More Related Content
Similar to Answer each question in using the reference in attachment.docx
In order to prepare us for the historical context that.pdf
This document provides context for understanding the differences between communism and socialism. It discusses the origins of each ideology and how they differ in their views on private property, government control of the economy, and approaches to achieving their visions. While communism aims to abolish private property and classes through revolution, socialism allows some private property and seeks to achieve social reforms democratically. No country has fully achieved either pure communism or socialism in practice.
In order to prepare us for the historical context that.pdf
The document provides an overview of the key differences between communism and socialism. It explains that while both ideologies advocate for public rather than private ownership, communism involves a complete lack of private property and a centrally planned economy, whereas socialism allows some private property and a market-based economy. It also notes that communism aims to achieve its goals through violent revolution, whereas socialism seeks to enact reforms through democratic processes. No country has fully achieved a purely communist or socialist system in practice. Elements of socialism have been adopted to varying degrees in many countries through social programs and policies.
Overview This purpose of the week 13 discussion board is to e.docx
Overview:
This purpose of the week 13 discussion board is to examine population and urbanization. Answer prompt 1. Then select and answer one prompt from prompts 2-5. Refer to Chapter 15 to answer the prompts.
Instructions:
Respond to prompts in paragraph form (200-400 words)
Prompt 1:
Describe 3 topics from Chapter 15 that you found interesting. Three topics I found interesting in Chapter 15 were invasion, succession, and gentrification.
Prompt 2:
Define demography and explain the three processes that produce changes in populations.
Prompt 3:
Discuss Malthusian, Marxist, and neo Malthusian perspectives on population as well as demographic transition theory.
Prompt 4:
Explain how cities develop through preindustrial, industrial, and postindustrial stages.
Prompt 5:
Identify the best-case and worst-case scenarios regarding population and urban growth in the twenty-first century, and discuss how some of the worst-case
scenarios might be averted.
Search entries or author
.
Understanding Marxism.docx
Welcome to Tap For Tech, the leading digital marketing company in Lucknow! We specialize in providing comprehensive digital marketing solutions that help businesses thrive in the online world. With our cutting-edge strategies, innovative techniques, and a team of experts, we are committed to delivering outstanding results for our clients.
Economic Sociology
Economic sociology studies the social causes and effects of economic phenomena. The field emerged in the late 19th century with scholars like Weber, Durkheim, and Marx examining the impact of modernity and capitalism on society. Contemporary economic sociology, established by Granovetter in 1985, focuses on how social relationships and networks influence economic outcomes through the concept of embeddedness. It uses social network analysis to understand how social structures shape economic actions and outcomes.
Theories of Max Weber/
Max Weber was a German sociologist who developed influential theories of social action and stratification. According to Weber's theory of social action, social behavior is guided by subjective meanings and orientations. He identified four types of social action - rational, value-rational, affective, and traditional. Weber also developed a three-component theory of stratification that classified people based on class, status, and power. Weber argued that Protestantism and the Protestant work ethic influenced the emergence of capitalism's rational spirit. He analyzed how religious beliefs shaped entrepreneurship and economic behavior.
Dezhao Chen Week 6 DiscussionCOLLAPSETop of FormQ1. Given
Dezhao Chen
Week 6 Discussion
COLLAPSE
Top of Form
Q1. Given the similarities and differences of three contending theories (Marxism, Neoclassical and Keynesianism) that you have learned in the class, briefly analyze the key factors that contributed to the decline of economic systems under Marxism in the late 20th century in the countries of Eastern Europe and East Asia. Give specific examples as part of your answers
The Marxist theory’s most fundamental principle is that it, ‘… sought to transform capitalist Europe into a cooperative commonwealth of freethinkers, and often called “socialism” or “communism.” (p. 135). The theory was that everyone would work for the better good of the state and others. The major pillars of Marxism and production are culture, politics and the natural climate. Marxism created tension in these three spheres as Wolff and Resnick (2012) say,
This in turn implies that the economy is always in a state of tension and change. A change in climate will favor some kinds of production and distribution and inhibit others. Changing political trends will favor and inhibit certain kinds of production and distribution. Changing cultural patterns too will stimulate some kinds of production and distribution and stifle others. (p. 144)
Besides the tension in the three spheres, another reason why Marxism collapsed especially in Russia is due to mismanagement and corruption. Marxism states that the fundamental power is to be given to workers and overproduction is supposed to benefit them. However this was not the case in Russia whereby greedy heads of government took over the benefits that came with the laborer’s work.
Q2. In understanding the process of rapid transformation of economic systems in many nations in the world from the beginning of 1990s, briefly explain why freedom to choose the right theoretical foundations still do matter to develop an appropriate economic system for economic growth and better income distribution of a society.
The freedom to choose the right theoretical foundations to follow as a nation whether neoclassic, Marxism or Keynesian theory is fundamental because it affects how people in the country see the world. For example Americans who live in a capitalist society view the world differently to Russians who are socialists and communists. Wolff and Resnick (2012) say that,
It follows that individuals will likely act differently depending on which theory they use in thinking about the economic aspects of their lives and social surroundings. As with theories people use to understand other objects of interest. to them (love, nature, politics, etc.), economic theories have conscious and unconscious effects on how people think and act. (p. 348)
Due to the fact that the economic system that the people of a country will choose will affect their lives, they should be the ones to develop an economic system that they feel will be of most benefit to them.
References
Wolff, R. D., & Resnick, S. A. (2012). Contendi ...
3 Parts Label the Question #’s that was answeredRead the instruc.docx
3 Parts Label the Question #’s that was answered
Read the instructions and questions carefully before you answer.
Part I. Short Essay (60% for Part I, 20% per question). Answer three of the following five questions
(suggested length: 2 paragraphs each; est. time for this section: 35-40 mins).
1. According to Weber and Marx, why do people participate in capitalism? What are the main differences in their views?
2. Marx argued that capitalism has two main types of circulation: C-M-C and M-C-M’. How do these two types of circulation explain the widening inequality between workers (the proletariat) and capitalists (the bourgeoisie)?
3. Marx argued that the economic base of a society is the most important cause of the superstructure (the realm of ideas, culture, and the government). Does Du Bois agree, disagree, or both? How?
4. Smith and Marx both saw the division of labor as a key element of capitalism. Define the division of labor. Describe one way in which Smith and Marx agree about the consequences of the division of labor and one way in which Smith and Marx disagree about the consequences of the division of labor.
5. Marx argues that as capitalism develops, people should gain a clearer understanding of their class interests. Does Weber agree, disagree, or both? How?
PART II. Text Commentary (30%). choose only one of these two texts.
(suggested length: 3-4 paragraphs; est. time: 20-25 mins)
Analyze one of the two texts below. Your analysis should have three parts:
(1) Explain the meaning of each text in your own words.
(2) Analyze its significance to the author’s general theory.
(3) Tell us whether or not you believe this text is relevant for understanding social life today and why.
IIA- FROM W. E. B. DU BOIS, BLACK RECONSTRUCTION IN AMERICA
“The theory of laboring class unity rests upon the assumption that laborers, despite internal jealousies, will unite because of their opposition to exploitation by the capitalists. According to this, even after a part of the poor white laboring class became identified with the planters, and eventually displaced them, their interests would be diametrically opposed to those of the mass of white labor, and of course to those of the black laborers. This would throw white and black labor into one class, and precipitate a united fight for higher wage and better working conditions. Most persons do not realize how far this failed to work in the South, and it failed to work because the theory of race was supplemented by a carefully planned and slowly evolved method, which drove such a wedge between the white and black workers that there probably are not today in the world two groups of workers with practically identical interests who hate and fear each other so deeply and persistently and who are kept so far apart that neither sees anything of common interest. It must be remembered that the white group of laborers, while they received a low wage, were compensated in part by a sort of public and psychol ...
Upsc political philosophies like communism, capitalism, socialism etc. - th...
Educaterer India is an unique combination of passion driven into a hobby which makes an awesome profession. We carve the lives of enthusiastic candidates to a perfect professional who can impress upon the mindsets of the industry, while following the established traditions, can dare to set new standards to follow. We don't want you to be the part of the crowd, rather we like to make you the reason of the crowd.
Today's Effort For A Better Tomorrow
Manifesto of the communist party
The Manifesto of the Communist Party outlines Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels' vision of communism and its differences from other socialist movements of the time. They argue that capitalism inevitably leads to conflict between the bourgeoisie and proletariat as the working class grows larger and poorer. The proletariat must unite to overthrow the bourgeoisie and establish a classless society without private property.
Pessimism of the Intellect, Pessimism of the Will A Respons.docx
Pessimism of the Intellect, Pessimism of the
Will? A Response to Gunder Frank*
Henry Bernstein and Howard Nicholas
The contribution of the work of Andre Cunder Frank to debates
about the nature of Third World ‘underdevelopment’ over the past
twenty years is well known, and its significance widely acknow-
ledged. The arguments that he has consistently put forward have
been assimilated into the broad mainstream of contemporary anti-
imperialist ideology. Also well known are a number of criticisms of
the approach of Frank and other writers of the ‘dependency’
school. The extension of Frank’s influential version of dependency
theory to the current recession in the world economy and its effects
for the Third World, provides an opportunity to reconsider his
position, with particular reference to its political and ideological
implications. This is the principal focus of our response, which we
begin with a brief resume of Frank’s main theses and of criticisms
of their theoretical and methodological bases.
FRANK’S THESIS A N D ITS CRITIQUE
The following points summarize the main themes and conclusions
of Frank’s argument.
1 . Frank’s theory is concerned, above all, with the distribution of
the surplus product (or ‘economic surplus’, Frank 1975) between
*A. Gunder Frank: ‘Global Crisis and Transformation’, Developmen1 ond Change.
Vol. 14. 3 , 3 2 3 - 4 6 .
Developmenr and Change (SAGE. London. Beverly Hills and New Delhi).
Vol. 14 I 1 983). 609-624
610 Henry Bernsrein and Howard Nicholas
countries or groups of countries. National economies compete to
maximize surplus appropriation, and the extent to which they are
able t o d o so rests on their possession (or lack of possession) of
certain types of monopoly power in international economic
relations. Successful surplus appropriation is the key condition
of accumulation and hence development, although other factors
also have a role, for example, adequate levels of effective
demand and technical change.
2. While all countries were originally ‘undeveloped’. the advanced
capitalist countries (DCs) were able t o achieve a path of
(‘normal’) capitalist development denied to the countries of the
Third World (UDCs). The two categories can be grouped in
terms of ‘metropole’ and ‘satellite’ or ‘centre’ and ‘periphery’.
3. The UDCs were actively underdeveloped as a consequence of
their forced integration with the capitalist world economy,
through which they became exporters of primary products (and
also sources of effective demand for exports from the DCs). The
economies of UDCs are locked into a structural relation of
dependence on those of the DCs, whose reproduction needs they
are compelled to satisfy. This occurs through a variety of
mechanisms - international trade (unequal exchange), invest-
ment, aid, technology transfer, transfer pricing etc. - the result
of which is a ‘drain’ of surplus from UDCs t o DCs, thereby
restricting the accum ...
Social movements
This document discusses theories of social change and social movements. It covers evolutionary and revolutionary views of social change, as well as early social evolutionary theories from the 19th century and more modern resource mobilization and new social movement theories. Key figures discussed include Marx, Weber, Bell, and Castells. The document also defines key terms like social change, cultural lag, and globalization and provides discussion questions about different aspects of social change and social movement theories.
Marxism
Karl Marx was a German economist and philosopher who developed Marxist principles and theories of communism. His most notable works included The Communist Manifesto and Das Kapital. When analyzing a text using Marxist criticism, one should consider the social classes involved in the text's publication and story, how different classes interact, and whether certain classes are portrayed positively or negatively. Analyzing Romeo and Juliet through this lens involves considering themes in the work, background on author William Shakespeare, and how Marxist ideas are present.
Social science lecture 1(part-2) ppt summer 2011
Sociology is the systematic study of human society and social behavior. It examines how societies are structured and how social relationships influence individual behavior. There are three main theoretical perspectives in sociology: functionalism, conflict theory, and symbolic interactionism. Functionalism views society as a system whose parts work together to promote stability. Conflict theory emphasizes social change and power struggles between groups. Symbolic interactionism focuses on how people interact and influence each other on a small scale through symbols and their own interpretations. Sociologists use multiple perspectives to gain a well-rounded understanding of social issues and human behavior.
Lesson 4
This document discusses Marxism and Symbolic Interactionism and their importance in examining socio-cultural, economic, and political conditions. It provides an overview of key aspects of Marxism including its theories of class struggle between the bourgeoisie and proletariat under capitalism. It also discusses Symbolic Interactionism and how people derive meaning from symbols and social interactions. Operant conditioning principles are explained as they relate to both theories.
marxism.pptx
Marxism is a social and economic theory developed by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels that views society and history in terms of class struggle between the bourgeoisie and proletariat. During the Industrial Revolution, capitalism emerged and created two main classes - the bourgeoisie who owned the means of production and the proletariat who were workers selling their labor. Marx argued that the proletariat experienced exploitation and oppression as they were paid low wages despite producing profits for the bourgeoisie. This inequality and oppression led to class conflict and the need for a communist revolution that would establish a classless society with common ownership.
Marxism Vs. Capitalism
This document provides an overview of the breadth portion of a Knowledge Area Module examining theories of social change, specifically comparing Marxism and capitalism. It discusses:
1) The role of the individual according to Marx/Engels, Weber, and the early Plymouth Plantation community. Marxism sees individuals subordinating to the party, while Weber emphasizes individual responsibility and pursuit of a calling. The Plymouth colonists started communally but later adopted free market principles.
2) The theoretical process by which individuals can enact social change according to Marx/Engels, starting from local unions and developing into a national revolutionary movement.
3) How the writings of Marx/Engels, Weber, and the experiences of the Plymouth
Economic sociology: Introduction
Economic sociology is a new field of study under the wide umbrella of Sociology and it simply concerns about the Social economy; area which can not be purely studied by neither Sociology nor Economics. This will hope fully help the students of Sociology, economics as well as economic sociology students if any.
Victorians, Veblen, and Keynes
This document outlines topics and discussion questions related to chapters 7 and 8 of Heilbroner's work. It covers the significance of mathematics to economics, Hobson's views on imperialism, underground economists like Henry George, the business climate in the late 1800s, Veblen's theories of the leisure class and business enterprise, and John Maynard Keynes' early works and heretical economic theories. The document provides discussion prompts and activities for students to analyze these economic concepts and theories in more depth.
1st Chapter
Larissa is a 49-year-old Russian divorcee who has struggled with the transition to capitalism after the fall of the Soviet Union. She was well-educated and had a good career as an engineer, accumulating financial assets. However, 10 years after the transition she was barely getting by financially and her social status had declined. The document discusses the difficulties individuals had in transforming themselves ("perestroika") with the economic changes. It also questions whether mainstream economists adequately considered how Soviet citizens' identities and behaviors would need to change for a market system to work.
Similar to Answer each question in using the reference in attachment.docx (20)
In order to prepare us for the historical context that.pdf
In order to prepare us for the historical context that.pdf
In order to prepare us for the historical context that.pdf
In order to prepare us for the historical context that.pdf
Overview This purpose of the week 13 discussion board is to e.docx
Overview This purpose of the week 13 discussion board is to e.docx
Dezhao Chen Week 6 DiscussionCOLLAPSETop of FormQ1. Given
Dezhao Chen Week 6 DiscussionCOLLAPSETop of FormQ1. Given
3 Parts Label the Question #’s that was answeredRead the instruc.docx
3 Parts Label the Question #’s that was answeredRead the instruc.docx
Upsc political philosophies like communism, capitalism, socialism etc. - th...
Upsc political philosophies like communism, capitalism, socialism etc. - th...
Pessimism of the Intellect, Pessimism of the Will A Respons.docx
Pessimism of the Intellect, Pessimism of the Will A Respons.docx
More from stirlingvwriters
Speak to the idea of feminism from your perspective and.docx
The document asks students to discuss their perspectives on feminism by answering several questions: 1) What they were taught about feminism by family/culture, 2) If they identify as a feminist and how that label may change based on audience, 3) The most important issue regarding feminism/gender equality today, 4) Whether the quote about privilege and equality resonates regarding gender, and 5) What they wish another gender understood about their experiences. Students are asked to write a minimum 270-word initial post responding to the questions.
What is the logic behind How.docx
Demand/Supply Integration (DSI) aims to align demand signals with supply planning to achieve an ideal state where inventory levels and production schedules match customer demand. However, issues like data or system silos between functions can prevent the ideal DSI state. Warehouses and distribution centers create value in the supply chain by storing inventory in strategic locations to efficiently meet customer demand and support supply chain operations.
Thinking about password identify two that you believe are.docx
Brute force and dictionary attacks are two of the most dangerous password attacks. Brute force attacks can reveal passwords by trying all possible combinations, while dictionary attacks use common words and personal information to crack passwords. Organizations can implement strong password policies, multi-factor authentication, and monitoring for brute force attempts to better protect against these attacks.
The student will demonstrate and articulate proficiency in.docx
The student will demonstrate their clinical reasoning and prioritizing skills by reviewing a client case study, gathering evaluation and test results, and using this data to develop both long term and short term goals for the client's plan of care. To complete this assignment, the student will be provided a case study involving various impairments and dysfunctions and will analyze the evaluation to determine and write appropriate long and short term goals.
To help lay the foundation for your study of postmodern.docx
This document provides guidance for studying postmodern models of marriage and family therapy. It lists topics for discussion with a professor including social constructionism versus systems theory, postmodern philosophy assumptions versus modernist therapists, components of the recovery model, and identifying a personal model of MFT. Students are asked to discuss one unclear concept with the professor to improve their understanding.
TITLE Digital marketing before and after pandemic Sections that.docx
This document outlines the required sections for a report on digital marketing before and after the pandemic. The report must include an Introduction section describing the topic, a Discussion section comparing digital marketing practices pre- and post-pandemic, and a Conclusion section. An additional section on changes in consumer habits during the pandemic is recommended. Each section should be briefly described and references included.
This assignment focuses on Marxist students will educate.docx
The document instructs students to analyze the 2014 Flint, Michigan lead water crisis from a Marxist class perspective. Students are asked to educate themselves on the crisis, present the demographics of Flint, and explain the issues. They should then apply Marxist's two-class analysis of bourgeoisie and proletariat, as well as two social concepts, relating these to the crisis. At least two peer-reviewed sources no older than five years should validate the arguments.
Upton Souls of Black.docx
The document provides a prompt for a 2-page journal entry discussing the role of art in promoting social change in America, referring to at least three works read in class: Upton Sinclair's "The Jungle", W.E.B. Du Bois's "The Souls of Black Folk", and Richard Wright's "Native Son". The journal must specifically analyze how these three novels addressed and impacted social issues through literature, supported by references from the texts, and should reflect knowledge of the authors and themes without summarizing plot.
What is a In this.docx
The document discusses cybersecurity topics including botnets, intrusion detection systems, international efforts to support Ukrainian cyber defense, and cyber threat intelligence analysis regarding video conferencing software vulnerabilities. Specifically, it asks the reader to:
1) Name 5 intrusion detection system alternatives to Snort.
2) Describe 3 international efforts that support Ukrainian cyber defense based on a provided table from a Carnegie Endowment website.
3) Compile lists of known vulnerabilities in Zoom, Cisco WebEx, and Microsoft Teams and recommend one based on security. It also asks the reader to identify resources with official patch notes for these tools and discuss the details and timings provided in the notes and whether they would change the initial recommendation.
There are many possible sources of literature for.docx
This document discusses sources for literature on a research topic, including West Coast University library databases like Medline, Cinahl, and PubMed. It asks the reader to identify specific scholarly articles used for their topic and why they were chosen. It also prompts sharing the chosen change project with peers, including clinical questions on the topic and subtopics to guide research. The reader is asked to explain why their preceptor decided this change was needed and how it will occur.
You enter your project team meeting with Mike and Tiffany.docx
Mike and Tiffany met to discuss tools for analyzing their industry and competitors to support an upcoming board decision. Tiffany was impressed by the many options, while Mike wanted to carefully consider what information was needed. Through research, Mike and Tiffany identified some useful tools for their analysis.
Write a minimum of 200 words response to each post.docx
SoftBank, a large Japanese investment company, lacks an effective succession plan for replacing its founder and CEO Masayoshi Son. As Son's health declines, SoftBank has struggled to identify potential successors within the company who have the necessary skills and experience. Past attempts to groom outside executives as successors have failed. Effective succession planning requires developing talent internally, understanding cultural factors, and job shadowing potential successors. SoftBank's lack of succession planning could disrupt the company's culture and strategy when new leadership eventually takes over.
View the video on Law at Discuss various.docx
The document discusses Rosa's Law, a video about laws relating to the treatment of the disabled. Early laws were permissive but now laws protecting disabled individuals are mandatory. The document asks the reader to discuss similarities and differences between recent disability laws and potential positive and negative ramifications of these laws becoming mandatory.
Your software has gone live and is in the production.docx
Your software has gone live in production and is now being supported by the IT team. User acceptance testing is important for getting user feedback on the software in a real-world environment before full release to catch any remaining bugs or usability issues. Supporting software after deployment can be challenging due to needing to quickly fix any issues users encounter while preventing disruptions.
This learning was a cornucopia of enrichment with regard.docx
This week's class taught the author new skills in utilizing collaboration tools, formatting, and translation features in Microsoft Word. The author was surprised by the translation tool's usefulness for sharing work internationally. Learning these new skills will enhance the author's research documents and ability to work with colleagues around the world.
This is a school community relations My chosen school.docx
This school community relations plan is for Iowa Colony High School in Texas. The author does not currently teach at this school due to being diagnosed with Lupus and chose it as a new school to focus on. Examples were shared with the class along with instructions, and the author requests help working with the materials as they do not feel well.
Write 3 Only one resource is I.docx
This 3 page double spaced document discusses issues at HCL Technologies and the management style of Vineet. It outlines problems at HCL such as not following market trends, low employee morale leading to a 30% attrition rate, and a lack of coordination between business units. The document instructs the writer to analyze whether Vineet was a good or bad leader and to refer to a provided PPT to discuss his management style using concepts from class. The writer is only allowed to use one source, which is provided by HCL Technologies.
Sociology researches social issues through the use of theoretical.docx
1. Sociology examines social issues through theoretical frameworks like conflict theory, functionalism, and symbolic interactionism. A sociologist might ask different questions about a news story on police brutality, poverty, or sexual assault depending on which framework they use. These differing approaches combined can build a deeper understanding of the issue.
2. For a personal problem like high tuition costs or unemployment, viewing it only as personal or as influenced by public issues would lead to different ways of making sense of and finding solutions to the problem.
3. Explanations for the high U.S. college dropout rate would differ depending on a micro, meso, or macro analysis. A study might focus on the micro level of individual experiences
Step Listen to the Trail of Tears.docx
This document provides instructions to listen to a podcast called "Trail of Tears" from This American Life and then answer two questions about it. The questions ask what part of the story struck the reader the most and why, and why the human aspect of the Trail of Tears is often ignored in favor of just presenting the facts.
You are the newly hired Director of Risk Management for.docx
You have been hired as the new Director of Risk Management for Westview Clinical Center. Westview is facing a crisis as a recent state audit found that 85% of readmissions were due to secondary infections acquired at the hospital. Most infections were bacterial. To remain open, Westview must determine how infections are spreading, provide additional staff training, and draft a risk management plan to prevent future infections. As the new Director of Risk Management, you have been tasked with solving this problem.
More from stirlingvwriters (20)
Speak to the idea of feminism from your perspective and.docx
Speak to the idea of feminism from your perspective and.docx
Thinking about password identify two that you believe are.docx
Thinking about password identify two that you believe are.docx
The student will demonstrate and articulate proficiency in.docx
The student will demonstrate and articulate proficiency in.docx
To help lay the foundation for your study of postmodern.docx
To help lay the foundation for your study of postmodern.docx
TITLE Digital marketing before and after pandemic Sections that.docx
TITLE Digital marketing before and after pandemic Sections that.docx
This assignment focuses on Marxist students will educate.docx
This assignment focuses on Marxist students will educate.docx
There are many possible sources of literature for.docx
There are many possible sources of literature for.docx
You enter your project team meeting with Mike and Tiffany.docx
You enter your project team meeting with Mike and Tiffany.docx
Write a minimum of 200 words response to each post.docx
Write a minimum of 200 words response to each post.docx
Your software has gone live and is in the production.docx
Your software has gone live and is in the production.docx
This learning was a cornucopia of enrichment with regard.docx
This learning was a cornucopia of enrichment with regard.docx
This is a school community relations My chosen school.docx
This is a school community relations My chosen school.docx
Sociology researches social issues through the use of theoretical.docx
Sociology researches social issues through the use of theoretical.docx
You are the newly hired Director of Risk Management for.docx
You are the newly hired Director of Risk Management for.docx
Recently uploaded
How to Setup Warehouse & Location in Odoo 17 Inventory
In this slide, we'll explore how to set up warehouses and locations in Odoo 17 Inventory. This will help us manage our stock effectively, track inventory levels, and streamline warehouse operations.
Pollock and Snow "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape, Session One: Setting Expec...
Pollock and Snow "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape, Session One: Setting Expec...National Information Standards Organization (NISO)
This presentation was provided by Steph Pollock of The American Psychological Association’s Journals Program, and Damita Snow, of The American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), for the initial session of NISO's 2024 Training Series "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape." Session One: 'Setting Expectations: a DEIA Primer,' was held June 6, 2024.clinical examination of hip joint (1).pdf
described clinical examination all orthopeadic conditions .
How to Add Chatter in the odoo 17 ERP Module
In Odoo, the chatter is like a chat tool that helps you work together on records. You can leave notes and track things, making it easier to talk with your team and partners. Inside chatter, all communication history, activity, and changes will be displayed.
DRUGS AND ITS classification slide share
Any substance (other than food) that is used to prevent, diagnose, treat, or relieve symptoms of a
disease or abnormal condition
Hindi varnamala | hindi alphabet PPT.pdf
हिंदी वर्णमाला पीपीटी, hindi alphabet PPT presentation, hindi varnamala PPT, Hindi Varnamala pdf, हिंदी स्वर, हिंदी व्यंजन, sikhiye hindi varnmala, dr. mulla adam ali, hindi language and literature, hindi alphabet with drawing, hindi alphabet pdf, hindi varnamala for childrens, hindi language, hindi varnamala practice for kids, https://www.drmullaadamali.com
Your Skill Boost Masterclass: Strategies for Effective Upskilling
Your Skill Boost Masterclass: Strategies for Effective UpskillingExcellence Foundation for South Sudan
Strategies for Effective Upskilling is a presentation by Chinwendu Peace in a Your Skill Boost Masterclass organisation by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan on 08th and 09th June 2024 from 1 PM to 3 PM on each day.Azure Interview Questions and Answers PDF By ScholarHat
Azure Interview Questions and Answers PDF By ScholarHat
BÀI TẬP BỔ TRỢ TIẾNG ANH 8 CẢ NĂM - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2023-2024 (CÓ FI...
BÀI TẬP BỔ TRỢ TIẾNG ANH 8 CẢ NĂM - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2023-2024 (CÓ FI...Nguyen Thanh Tu Collection
https://app.box.com/s/y977uz6bpd3af4qsebv7r9b7s21935vdHow to Fix the Import Error in the Odoo 17
An import error occurs when a program fails to import a module or library, disrupting its execution. In languages like Python, this issue arises when the specified module cannot be found or accessed, hindering the program's functionality. Resolving import errors is crucial for maintaining smooth software operation and uninterrupted development processes.
The History of Stoke Newington Street Names
Presented at the Stoke Newington Literary Festival on 9th June 2024
www.StokeNewingtonHistory.com
Pengantar Penggunaan Flutter - Dart programming language1.pptx
Pengantar Penggunaan Flutter - Dart programming language1.pptx
How to Build a Module in Odoo 17 Using the Scaffold Method
Odoo provides an option for creating a module by using a single line command. By using this command the user can make a whole structure of a module. It is very easy for a beginner to make a module. There is no need to make each file manually. This slide will show how to create a module using the scaffold method.
Recently uploaded (20)
How to Setup Warehouse & Location in Odoo 17 Inventory
How to Setup Warehouse & Location in Odoo 17 Inventory
Digital Artefact 1 - Tiny Home Environmental Design
Digital Artefact 1 - Tiny Home Environmental Design
Pollock and Snow "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape, Session One: Setting Expec...
Pollock and Snow "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape, Session One: Setting Expec...
Your Skill Boost Masterclass: Strategies for Effective Upskilling
Your Skill Boost Masterclass: Strategies for Effective Upskilling
Azure Interview Questions and Answers PDF By ScholarHat
Azure Interview Questions and Answers PDF By ScholarHat
BÀI TẬP BỔ TRỢ TIẾNG ANH 8 CẢ NĂM - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2023-2024 (CÓ FI...
BÀI TẬP BỔ TRỢ TIẾNG ANH 8 CẢ NĂM - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2023-2024 (CÓ FI...
Pride Month Slides 2024 David Douglas School District
Pride Month Slides 2024 David Douglas School District
Pengantar Penggunaan Flutter - Dart programming language1.pptx
Pengantar Penggunaan Flutter - Dart programming language1.pptx
How to Build a Module in Odoo 17 Using the Scaffold Method
How to Build a Module in Odoo 17 Using the Scaffold Method
Answer each question in using the reference in attachment.docx
- 1. Answer each question in using the reference in attachment 1-Describe the potential role for markets in a socialist system. In your answer make sure to include a discussion of · a detailed summary of Mises’ description of the nature of economic calculation and possibility of rational economic calculation in a socialist economy. Could there be a rational calculation in a socialist economy according to Mises, why or why not? How is nationalizing companies is different than having a shareholder-manager conflict according to Mises?· how Chinese reformers benefited from the “socialist calculation debate”. Weber pointed out to Oskar Lange’s challenge against Mises, how Chinese reformers adapted these ideas?2- Duncan Foley discusses socialist system according to Marx. What do we talk about when we talk about socialism, according to Foley? In your answer make sure to include a discussion of· Marx’s vision in Critique of the Gotha Programme which claims there are two “stages” to the construction of communism, and the implications of his vision· Contributions of the Karl Menger’s “Vienna Circle” and the implications of these contributions for the “top-down” vision of socialism· Socialism as a self-organized or “bottom-up” system, and three main properties of a socialist system