Religious and political effects of Jihadists Essay

Jihadists and their religious and political affects Essay
Jihad is a term that is often misunderstood, and it is usually associated with militant and radical
groups, which cause chaos in the environment. The Arabic word is usually translated to mean holy
war and it is usually accepted as holy. However, some scholars say that there is no such thing in
Islam. A holy war is fought to force other people to accept some doctrines, and it is not accepted at
all by the Muslims. According to the word "jihad," it means struggling to survive, and it is
applicable to many levels be it socially at an individual level. The efforts can be spiritual, physical,
economic, or at times political. For instance, one of the most important aspects of a jihad is standing
before a tyrant and confessing the truth about ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Jihad through self involves being committed to the work of God and purely what is good (Carlson
45). Even though war does occur, it is only to ensure that the Quran in properly followed and not
used for evil.
Jihad also involves protection of societies from the foreign domination, oppression, and
dictatorships that usually violate the rights of the people. Anything that prevents people from
learning the truth can be dealt with using jihad because religion seeks to place people in light. For
instance, where people are not allowed to know the truth about religion, such the time in which
religious persecution took place hence terming jihad as a form of war, even though it is based on
religion. Jihad seeks to teach the worship of one God, who is holy and supreme, and any other
teaching contradicting this leads to religious persecution. Jihad seeks to create social reforms, which
will help people to be equal and work towards improvement of the society. Jihad seeks the creation
of a good society which fears God and which is free from poverty, disease, superstition, racial
decimation among other evils, which are affiliated to the latter. The main objective is to create a
good society, which the weak are protected against the powerful and influential people who seek to
hurt and exploit them. Armed jihad is not a plausible option for the Muslims, and it can be declared
by the
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Essay about Islam
When the Soviet Union collapsed and the cold war came to an end, the world felt as if it were on the
edge of unlimited peace and prosperity. Unfortunately, new issues came to light, such as terrorism.
Terrorism is defined by Title 22 of the United States code, section 2656(d) as "the pre–meditated,
politically motivated violence perpetrated against noncombatant targets by sub national groups or
clandestine agents, usually intended to influence an audience." In light of recent terrorist activity in
the West, the danger that Islamic terrorism poses to national security and civilian safety has been
brought to attention.
The Islamic world does not view the West favorably. Some extremists, such as the Hizballah, view
the United States as "the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In the Quranic verse 3:30, God tells believers that acts reflect the soul of their authors, which
explains why jihad is widely represented in the minds of Muslim and non–Muslim individuals in the
acts committed in the name of Islam, such as acts of terrorism.
Although jihads contains many underlying values, such as equality, peace, and purity, the most
important value of jihad is justice. Muslims view justice mainly in the realm of social interaction.
An example of social interaction where justice is an issue would be a court trial, family
accountability, and particularly government interaction. When these social institutions become
seemingly unjust, it is then that the call of jihad seems most logical. The West's understanding of
jihad as a holy war is a misnomer. The war provoked by jihad is not holy in and of itself. War is
purely an attempt to bring holiness through infinite justice. It is ironic that Islam is sometimes held
to be a synonym for terrorism, when the very word Islam comes from the root word salaam in
Arabic, meaning peace.
Even though Western Islamic apologist claim that the Quran does not justify any form of violence,
in certain cases Islam tolerates, permits, and encourages war and war–like acts. According to the
Quran, Muslims must always oppose oppression, but if there is ever a way to avoid war or violence
it must be taken. Most of the problem of jihad in Arab and Islamic nations is clarifying who is
eligible to declare jihad.

Suicide Bombing And Suicide
Suicide Bombing and Religious Motivations: An Article Comparison Suicide bombing is a
commonly used method by which extremists attack their enemies while killing themselves. Bukay's
(2006), The Religious Foundations of Suicide Bombings and MacEoin's (2009), Suicide Bombing as
Worship attempt to examine and explain this phenomenon. Bukay's article approaches suicide
bombing by examining jihad and its justifications in Islamic text. While MacEoin's article evaluates
the origins of modern suicide bombing and then examines the justifications in Islamic text that
suicide bombers are martyrs. Both articles touch on shared points such as martyrdom and jihad but
the main points of explanation vary. Bukay argues that suicide bombings origins lie in jihad and
MacEoin's argues that it is based on not only jihad but honor as well. MacEoin (2009), begins his
article with an examination of the origins of suicide bombing, he cites the suicide bombing of
thirteen year old Hossein Fahmideh as the popularization of suicide bombing. He argues that since
jihad forbids taking the lives of non–combatants such as women, children, the sick and the elderly; it
creates a paradox within Islam. He makes the claim that to get around this paradox clerics will
sanctify them as jihadists anyway. He then discusses how suicide bombers are proclaimed to be
martyrs as well as how Muslim extremist have declared their love of death. He follows this up by
examining the violent martyrs that have existed

Origin Of Modern Muslim Terrorism
In the aftermath of the September 11th 2001 suicide attacks orchestrated by al–Qaeda, the 9/11
Commission Report "chose to... adopt a neo–Orientalist approach by locating Ibn Taymiyya as the
root cause of the al–Qaeda phenomenon" (Lambert, 2011: 172). With al–Qaeda claiming
responsibility for the 9/11 attacks, this terrorist organisation shall be the focus of the essay to
ascertain whether or not the 9/11 Commission's suggestion is supported. Section one shall explore
Ibn Taymiyya's teachings and the context in which he was writing in the 13th Century. Section two
shall analyse arguments that support the 9/11 Commission. Following this, sections three, four and
five shall examine sources that challenge the notion that Ibn Taymiyya's teachings are the root of
modern Muslim terrorism, due to contradictions with al–Qaeda's ideology. Throughout, the essay
holds that the origin of modern Muslim terrorism does not stem from Ibn Taymiyya's teachings. The
basis for this position is that the organisation responsible for the 9/11 attacks, al–Qaeda, has used his
writings on the Mongol invasions to justify jihad against the threat of Westernisation despite al–
Qaeda and Ibn Taymiyya representing "two forms of religious consciousness" (Heck, 2004: 117).
Section one shall examine the writings of Ibn Taymiyya, a thirteenth–century scholar "who had
sought to impose a literal interpretation of the Quran" (Wright, 2007: 183), and the significance of
the context in which he wrote. His

Islam and Jihad Essay
The Arabic word Jihad literally means "holy struggle". It is not holy war. War is war. No war can be
holy. The blood of humans is holy and sacred. The Quran says unjust killing of one man means the
killing of the whole mankind. What is just killing and what is unjust killing. When some body kills a
man without any reason or justification it is unjust killing. When the judge gives the capital
punishment to this murderer and issues the order of his death, it is a just killing. Similarly, when a
war is thrust upon you and you become the victim of persecution and aggression, you are permitted
to defend yourselves and kill the invaders or perpetrators. There are some Muslims who believe in
Jihad in the name of aversion and conversion. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Noah, Abraham, Moses, Jesus and Muhammad gave us law and code of life. All preached
brotherhood, justice, freedom, equality and peace. The prophets were the greatest champions of
human rights. They boldly revolted against the tyrants, oppressors and aggressors.
Jihad by sword is only permissible when you are attacked. It is unfortunate that Islam is being
branded as the religion of extremists, fascists, fundamentalists and terrorists. A few days ago some
non–Muslim emailed me. He wrote; "Islam is the religion of terrorism and Muhammad was a
terrorist." Why he wrote this? How he came to such a conclusion? First; he has neither studied Islam
nor the life of the Prophet of Islam. Second he has read or seen the terrorist activities of some
Muslim hard liners and extremists. Partly he is correct and partly he is incorrect. The Quran about
mischief mongers and the enemies of peace candidly in Sura "The Cow"; "when it is said to them;
‘make not mischief on the earth'. They say; ‘we are only ones that put things right'. Of a surety,
they are the ones who make mischief, but they realize it not" (2:11–12). The serious, objective and
rational study of the Quran testifies this verity that Islam strongly condemns bloodshed and
aggression. It is a religion of peace. The Meccans attacked Muhammad thrice. The battle of Badr;
the battle of Uhad and the battle of Trench are solid proofs of the fact that the Muslims of Medina

`` Jihad Vs. Mcworld, Political Scientist Benjamin Barber
In his article, Jihad vs. McWorld, political scientist Benjamin Barber thoroughly examines a paradox
that has been transforming our planet. This world is being torn apart by differing political views,
social views, and racial inequality. These problems are pinning societies and cultures against each
other. Barber refers to this growing split between cultures and the tensions that have risen as Jihad.
At the same time, the world is being unified by economic and ecological forces that mesmerize and
demand uniformity, such as fast music, fast food, and fast computers. Barber refers to this
homogeneous globalization and corporate control of the political process as McWorld. This
McWorld is tied together by ecology, technology, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
For instance, German forests are being destroyed by the increase in carbon emissions in the air, and
Indonesians are cutting down their lush jungle, thus reducing oxygen levels and effecting our
planet's oxygen balance. Resources also have a strong imperative aspect in the McWorld, where
autarky has proved to be insufficient in the presence of our globalized economy. At the start, many
other nations including the United States, believed that they could survive independently, however,
as time continued, interdependence seemed inevitable. Barber believes that every nation has
something that another nation needs. Additionally, the information–technology imperative has
universalized our world greatly. To make technological progress, we must rely on an easy and
regular flow and exchange of information. Barber also states that, "business, banking, and
commerce, all depend on information flow and are facilitated by new communication technologies."
The hardware of technologies such as computers, television, satellite, and cable, all create a vastly
informative communications network that can give every person on earth access to every other
person. Barber further explains that the pursuit of such technologies tends to compel open borders
because of the lack of restrictions within telephone wires, which penetrate any national border, and
satellite footprints, which also have little respect for

Terrorism And The Terrorist Threat Essay
the US into a protracted war, and some experts linked the war to the creation of a vacuum through
which more terrorist groups have arisen. But even a decade after the war on terror, there remained
several agencies believing that "terrorist networks could be taken down by removal of their
'masterminds'", and that "smart weapons and pilotless drowns could achieve without
counterproductive political effects." (Townshend)
And to further compound the issues within counterterrorism, views regarding Islamist terrorism
appear to be divided even among the experts. Bruce Hoffman and Marc Sageman, two of America's
leading theorists on terrorism and counterterrorism, held opposite views on how to deal with the
Islamist terrorist threat, which erupted into a significant debate between the two in 2008. While
Hoffman stressed that Al Qaeda is alive, resurgent and more dangerous than ever, Sageman argues
that the threat no longer comes externally from organizations like Al Qaeda but rather from
homegrown terrorists. Officials from the White House and the CIA had acknowledged the
importance of the debate in their examination of the terrorist threat. While the view held by the
former would require the maintenance of vigilance overseas with considerable resources being
funneled to the C.I.A, the State Department, the military and the terror–financing sleuths, the latter
would allow money to be saved by merely directing it to the local police and the F.B.I.
Fatwas and Religious Terrorism

Jihad : The World Is Mindful Of The Term `` Jihad ``
Sacred for a second large religious group in the world yet controversial, the world is mindful of the
term "Jihad". The term has been coined and implemented negatively by the extremists in the name
of Islam resulting in a shaken misbalance in the Islamic as well as in the rest of the world. In the
light of recent events, the Arabic word "Jihad" has gained vital attention. The reason I chose this
word is to make a little effort providing true and basic insight of jihad as described in Islam. Most
people are aware of this term, use and criticize it, without even looking into the context of the word.
The irony is that most people use Jihad for war, terrorism, hate etc. however, it is not connected with
any of these terms. It is important to ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Even though, Jihad is a detailed topic, with different categories which further splits into more, still it
is seen as shallow and connected to some non–Islamic schools of thought. Anti–Muslim groups
twist the teachings of the Holy Quran and make corruptions in the land in the name of Islam causing
never–ending problems to common people especially Muslims. Jihad bis saif (jihad by the sword) is
commonly known and misinterpreted. In Islam, Jihad in the battlefield is only allowed for the
defense and not for the killing of innocent people. It has been made clear in The Quran (Guidance
for humanity), "And do not kill the soul which Allah has forbidden [to be killed] except by [legal]
right. This has He instructed you that you may use reason" (Al–An'am 6.151). This briefly defines
the actual meaning of Jihad which is irrelevant for the killing of innocent souls, however, there are
extremists who are creating havoc against Muslims. Today, Jihad is viewed as an extreme action
performed by Muslims against non–Muslims in the name of Holy War. But in general, this term has
been misunderstood for decades. Often it is seen that the specific verse describing the
commandment made to the Muslims to kill non–Muslim is quoted from the Quran against Muslims
in counter defense,

Jihad the True Meaning
The beauty of Jihad is hidden behind the supposed meaning which is "holy war" in actuality there is
so much more to jihad, it is a way in which Muslims can struggle and strive for our creator Allah
(swt). What makes me sad is the misinterpretation of the word; the media has made it look like a
militaristic concept when in reality it is to struggle in the name of Allah (swt) and Islam. Hopefully
reading this will help us better understand the word Jihad.
The types of Jihad maybe the key to actually understanding what Jihad is, there are four types of
Jihads. The first type of Jihad is to struggle against one's self and desire, the second is to struggle
against the temptations of Shaitan (Satan), the third is to struggle against the ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
No individual or group can call Jihad since they are not speaking or representing the whole Muslim
ummah (people, followers). Another rule of Physical Jihad is that it is not obligatory for each
Muslim to go out and fight, only a few who are willing perform the physical Jihad, it is not forced
either only in some situations is it, There are three cases in which the rules of Jihad are bent and it is
an official Jihad and you must fight in it. The first is when you are present on the battlefield; it is
considered a major sin to withdraw without fighting, When a foreign land invades a Muslim country
only then is a official Jihad declared without a Khalifah, because it is considered self defense and
one must protect against the aggressors, the final case is when the Khalifah orders the ummah to
make a physical Jihad the prophet Muhammad (pbuh) says "...So if you are summoned to fight, go
forth" (Bukhari). Who must fight and become the Mujahideen? Every Adult Muslim male in the
Ummah who has a sound mind must fight; he also should be able to support himself and his family
while he fighting. Finally possibly a factor that separates Jihad from any other form of fighting is its
regulations. This

Islam : A Religion Of Ethics, Obedience And Harmony
Islam is ranked as the fastest growing religion in the world, and is predicted to rival Christianity in
terms of global population by 2050. However, it is still misunderstood by millions of people,
including Muslims themselves. Islam, meaning peace and submission to God, is a religion of ethics,
obedience and harmony, and is based on a faithful belief system. Conversely, in various parts of the
world, Islam is broadly misrepresented as a religion of intolerance and killing. Common confusion,
misunderstanding, and pure ignorance often leads into a negative portrayal of Islam. An example of
this can be seen in the term "Jihad." Contrary to popular belief, Jihad is not a synonym for combat.
The term Jihad is an Arabic word that has many ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The first pillar is called the Shahadah, which is the fundamental act upon all Islamic activity
depends. "It is to acknowledge verbally that one accepts the reality of God and the prophecy of
Muhammad." Sincerely reciting the Muslim profession of faith is essential and considered a duty for
Muslims. The second pillar is called the Salat, which means performing ritual prayers in the proper
way five times each day. Salat is essential for muslims because prayer involves uniting mind, soul,
and body in worship. The third one is called Zakat, which is defined as "a certain percentage of
one's acquired property for the year that is paid to the needy." Paying a charity tax with the purpose
of benefiting the poor in society is viewed as a responsibility for Muslims and a service to God. It is
regarded as a type of worship and of self–purification. The fourth pillar is called the Sawm which
means fasting during the month of Ramadan, and the fifth one known as Hajj is pilgrimage to
Mecca, since the hajj is a set of rituals that take place in and around Mecca every year. Carrying out
these obligations provides the framework of a Muslim 's life, and weaves their everyday activities
and their beliefs into a single unit of religious devotion. No matter how sincerely a person may
believe, Islam regards it as pointless to live life without putting that faith into action and practice.
Other ways in which a Muslim engages in the 'greater Jihad ' could include the following:

The Pros And Cons Of Jihad
What Jihad is
Jihad is not the armed struggle that many think it is. Jihad is a personal requirement for all Muslims
to promote Islam and that can take various forms. Not all are capable of armed struggle and so it can
manifest itself in demonstrations, apologists, but the requirement is always there.
For those that have travelled in Muslim countries, they will have lost count of being stopped and
asked if they want to convert to Islam – that was the individual's own Jihad.
The type of Jihad in the Paris murders is simply an armed one. Islam at its core is both authoritarian
and fundementalist, in that there is no deviation.
Christianity, as with all religions, also seeks to proselytize; the difference with Islam is that as
societies become Islamised, becoming Muslim is a requirement and not a choice. It won't have
escaped the attention ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It has never and never will prevent further attacks until the west begins to realise that it is Islam
itself that is the cause. If you purposely introduce a barbaric cult to a society, you will get the same
results in that society.
The good news is that many western leaders are now beginning to wake up, start to close their
borders and start to take the Islamic threat seriously.
Paris and terrorism
Paris was the tip of the iceberg; Europol (combined European police force), stops many attacks
before they take place. The UK's own PM states that seven attacks were prevented in the UK last
year alone. Paris was not a single instance of a terrorist attack, it's one in a long line of events and
not perpertrated by a 'few people', but a highly organised campaign. This all started around the time
mass immigration did.
http://www.express.co.uk/news/world/...–Islamic–State
''Current threat of terrorism has increased 'over the last 10 years', says Europol

Essay on Jihad: Moving Beyound Cultural Biases and...
The concept of Jihad was not widely known in the western world before the terrorist attacks on the
United States on September 11, 2001. Since then, the word has been woven into what our media and
government feed us along with notions of Terrorism, Suicide Bombings, Hamas, Al–Qaeda, Osama
Bin Laden, and now, Jihad. Our society hears exhortations resounding from the Middle East calling
the people to rise up in Jihad and beat back the imperialist Americans. Yet, if we try to peel back all
of these complex layers of information we can we attempt to find out what Jihad really means.
Webster's Dictionary defines Jihad as "a holy war waged on behalf of Islam as a religious duty or a
crusade for a principle or belief" (1). Often, media depicts ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
Commenting on this, Asghar Engineer, a learned western Muslim wrote:
Violent Jihad as a struggle against one's enemies has its root in [these] situations. When the Islamic
religion spread over the region, Jihad became a religious tenet and assumed the form of a peaceful,
internal struggle to strive for the good and reject the evil in one's action. Violent, external conflict
was never rejected from the definition; it merely became one interpretation.
Thus, the term was essentially divided into an internal and external struggle. The internal struggle
was, however, always meant to be the nobler, finer action. It was more in line with peaceful
mainstream Muslim practice, including "observing the Five Pillars of Islam and seeing the internal
struggle as a complete way of life that should pervade and individuals day to day affairs"
(Engineer). The great importance of this inner struggle led to its being dubbed as the "greater Jihad"
(Church 111).
However, Jihad's age old association with violence was nearly unavoidable. Struggle can rather
easily be translated into a call to conduct an external Jihad for the Islamic faith. For example, a verse
in the Qu'ran states, "go forth, light armed and heavy armed, and strive with your wealth and your
lives in the way of Allah" (Church 111). This verse clearly pairs Jihad ("strive")

The War in Kashmir a Religious Conflict? Essay
Kashmir is conflict territory after the partition of India and Pakistan. Conflict is not only between
India and Pakistan but also India and the religious militants. Religious Militants are conducting a
jihad to govern by the religious law. Historically, Kashmir included Sufis Muslim not orthodox
Muslim. Numerous international events had influenced in the growth of Islamic fundamentalism in
Kashmir. Jihad is not originally from Kashmir but they are foreign militancy bought during the end
of the Soviet –Afghanistan War. Additionally, they are trained in Afghanistan and Pakistan. Pakistan
Inter service Intelligence helped them to incorporate into organized militant groups. Pakistan helped
Jihad group with full moral, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Jihad as a political word was first recorded during the struggle of the Meccan establishment by
Prophet Mohammed. The early movement of Muslims, first under their Prophet and later his
passing, advanced both religion and political dynamics. In addition to the five tenets of faith, the
organizations of the community were centered on structure, movements, decision–making systems
and political agendas. The five pillars of the faith are: witness, prayer, pilgrimage, alms, fasting.
Jihad main interest is the global jihad and they were looking for pure jihad. They have continued to
dominate the scene in South Asia and the Middle East, their influence has reduced in the western
diaspora.
Islam has developed its Just war theory from its early development in the time of prophet
Mohammad himself, Islam began the process of political rule, exercise of power and even the
exertion of political will and exercise of force and the formation of a highly effective governance
and expansion. Islam the concepts of war, battle, and conduct of war, among other things are not
some accretion that has to be theologically justified after well over 300 years of life of the faith, but
rather they are central to the formation of Islamic theology, jurisprudence, and ethics because they
happen during the life of the prophet and during the process of revelations (Amjad &Charles,240).
Early sources of Muhammad and caliphates in political and social contexts become weakness in
today's context that they

Terrorism by the Egyptian Islamic Jihad
Terrorism by the Egyptian Islamic Jihad
Brandin P. Lea
SCTY 488 – Terrorism and Homeland Security
December 26, 2010
Professor Eric Witcher
Abstract
It has been the case that over the duration that mankind has graced the planet there has been group's
hell bent on enacting their beliefs and values upon the rest of the world. As time has passed there
have been many times that these groups have changed the face of the planet permanently. You can
look at any organized religious group and see just how they pushed the belief system onto others to
spread their ideology. Now, taking into consideration that fundamentalism and militant groups are
nothing new, you can see that it still affects society greatly even today. Let us look at ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
Goals
The primary aim of the group is to establish an Islamic state in Egypt with small secular Arab
governments. The remarkable feature of Egyptian Islamic Jihad as I have learned is a powerful force
challenging the cohesion of states. As a result, Egyptian Islamic Jihad is responsible for a variety of
national and international tensions, such as the revival of communal tension in the Middle East. The
group of radical Egyptian Islamist thinkers took hold of a serious nationalist conception of jihad and
its role in establishing a truly Islamic government (Knapp, 2003). According to its own self
proclaimed dogma, Egyptian Islamic Jihad is prepared to oppose their understanding of tradition to
that of their community's leaders.
Ideology
Ideology of the group is vividly expressed in a pamphlet they circulated years ago "The Neglected
Duty" which has been lost in time. The pamphlet makes the argument that jihad, as armed action is
the heart of Islam, and neglect of this type of action by any Muslim has caused the current depressed
condition of Islam in the world, of course without taking into consideration the serious shortcomings
of the culture itself. (Knapp, 2003) This violence serves the interests of political and economic
profiteers; it creates its own

Lesser Jihad
Lesser Jihad
Introduction
Jihad, or "holy war", though a new concept to the western world has a long–standing
tradition in Arabia predating the foundation of Islam as a religion but incorporated into it
as a primary tenet of the religion. The concept served a legitimate purpose in the
Jahiliyya period of Arabic history and perhaps even in Muhammad 's time, but has
become a dangerous force in the present day world, presenting an increasing threat to the
developed world just as national animosities are cooling down among the larger powers.
Definition
The term jihad stems from the root J.H.D. meaning to strive, exert oneself, or take
extraordinary pains (R. Firestone, p. 16). Considered a sixth ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
In
pre–Islamic Arabia and even in the early days of Islam, they coexisted peaceably and
engaged in trade with each other. During Muhammad 's lifetime, however, he twice
banished the Jews, setting up a rivalry that has remained to varying degrees ever since.
The major break came in 1947 with the founding of the State of Israel, and what many
Muslims perceived as the usurping of Arab land and exclusion, in some cases outright
expulsion, of the Palestinians who had made their homes there for centuries. Contained

in a small area and surrounded by whom the Israelis considered their enemies, they clung
to their Zionist vision and met any perceived threat militarily. The Six–Day War in 1967,
aka the Arab–Israeli War, provided a swift and decisive victory for the Israelis but
cemented a real hatred that will surely last for centuries to come. The conquest garnered
Israel a great deal of new, formerly Arab territory including Gaza, the West Bank, and
Sinai. The biggest prize, though, and the greatest loss for the Arabs, was the conquest
and annexation of Jerusalem. The site of the Al Aqsa Mosque and the Dome of the Rock,
this is the third most holy city in Islam, just behind Mecca and Medina. This conquest
meant that the conflict with Israel didn 't just involve its closest neighbors, but
encompassed all of Islam and made the effort

Religious Holy War
The religious holy war is a conflict that caused because of the differences in religion, and beliefs
between nations, and people. In 2001, After the attacks of 9/11, as a result, the 43rd U.S. president
of the United States George W. Bush declared the "War on terror". After 9/11, the tension, and the
conflict between the Western–Islamic world has been rising and impacted both nations, especially
after just one month of 9/11, The war against an Islamic conservative country like Afghanistan
started from the United States. These fast actions caused people to worry it's a religious holy war
between Christianity, and Islam because the attackers of 9/11 were Muslims individuals in a
majority Christian's country. By looking at the history of the religious holy wars starting from
crusades in 1095 all the way to the current time, I will demonstrate, compare, and contrast the
differences between the "War on terror" Lead by the United States, crusades, and what groups like
ISIS, Al–Qaeda do in the name of Islam, as well as the Islamic concept of "Jihad". First, to
understand why we have holy wars we can go back to History many centuries ago. Historically, the
roots, concept, and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Terror attacks have consequences, and going into a war will have its consequences as well. In this
essay, a lesson that should be learned is to try to implement and develop a new generation that does
not have grudges, that forget all the sad past between Christianity, Islam and holy wars between
each other. This can be done by having a strong bedrock education from both sides that teaches
young people to be more tolerant, peaceful, and respectful of other religions. Moreover, minimizing
the use of words that can remind both sides of the tension past, like "Crusades", and "Jihad", while
that can be difficult to achieve because the letters in history do not disappear and people will still

The Two Jihads By Ruthven
In chapter six, "The Two Jihads", of Ruthven's book, she describes jihad as a collective obligation
for Muslims, distinct from the individual duties such as prayer. This religious doctrine was formed
during a time when Islamic states were at war with multiple nations and experiencing a rapid
expansion. Its standards were somewhat similar to those of Roman principles of just war, rules such
as sparing women, children, the sick and the weak, and those who are "People of the Book". On the
other hand, the doctrine is split into two different sectors. The sphere of Islam, or dar al–islam, and
the sphere of War, otherwise known as dar al–harb. In the sphere of war, people who are polytheists
are told to convert and Peoples of the Book are told to submit. Ruthven also discusses the well–
known hadith of Muhammad where he discusses the difference between the war on polytheists, the
lesser jihad, and the war on evil, the greater jihad, the internal war that all Muslims struggle with
their entire lives. This challenges the definition of jihad that many people are familiar with. ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
When Islam was first being formed, Muslims were fighting against many different empires such as
the Romans, the Byzantines, and the Jews. Muhammad and his Islamic empire needed to create a
form of law that would allow them to spread their religion in the most effective manner possible. By
guaranteeing the safety of women, children, and the sick, giving polytheists a chance to convert, and
allowing the "People of the Book" to submit peacefully and still have the ability to practice their
own religion, the Islamic empire was able to rapidly

The Influence Of Osama Bin Laden
On September 11, 2001 , the United States was attacked under the influence of Osama Bin Laden.
Ever since these attacks took place the United States increased their security measures on who and
what enters into the country to protect its grounds. The actions of Bin Laden came from a terrorist
group named Al Qaeda. Al Qaeda was a terrorist group whose founder was Bin Laden. Al Qaeda led
to evolution of Isis which is an insurgency and not a terrorist group. The evolution of Isis came from
a book named Defense of Muslim Lands. Within this book the were the common beliefs and
obligations to becoming a jihad. The key beliefs consisted of " A Jihad is a personal obligation,
Muslims have been humiliated by the hands of impure Regimes and western

Jihad and the World Essay
On the eleventh of September of 2001, 2993 people lost their lives in the destruction of the Twin
Towers of the World Trade Center in New York City. Both buildings collapsed within two hours of
the initial events, destroying nearby buildings and damaging others. Al Qaida claimed responsibility
of the attacks, declaring Jihad against the United States of America. Jihad is a religious duty of
Muslims, the word Jihad means "struggle". There are two general understanding of Jihad that can be
found in the Quran. First, the greater Jihad is the struggle of each individual against their personal
struggles of self development and maintenance of their standard of personal belief and daily routine.
Muslims should concentrate in their everyday life ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
But, they reject the idea of Jihad against innocent Muslims such as the terrorist attacks against Iraqi
civilians.
Liberal Muslim political organizations are against the idea of Jihad; they want to establish good
relations with other foreign countries based on respectful bonds that, among other things, will help
in the mutual development of economies and educational systems. The idea of Jihad will considered
if a real threat on their country already happened.
All non Muslims governments and parties in the world are against Jihad because they are likely to
become one of its targets and will lead to high civilian costs of life among the populations and the
degradation of civil rights that have been established. Since Jihad is affecting the whole world
morally and mentally, someone could ask "Is Jihad ethical?" Jihad could be examined by three
philosophical principles such as Natural Law, Utilitarianism and Categorical Imperative. In order to
analyze Jihad according to the three philosophical principles, a preview of each principle should be
available.
Natural law is an ethical prospective that deals with Nature and religious beliefs. According to this
principle, anything came from nature or happened because of nature's causes should be ethical. Also,
it's related to GOD and religion, an action could be considered ethical

The meaning and Concepts of Jihad Essay
The Holy of Holy Wars: Jihad
In light of recent events in the global community, one word that is used frequently but rarely truly
understood is the Islamic word Jihad. Jihad has become a very volatile word, so it is necessary that
those who use it should understand exactly what it means, what it entails, and what significance it
has in current global events.
There are many interpretations of the word Jihad, but the most common literal translation from
Arabic to English is "struggle." Many interpret the idea of a Jihad as a holy war. While holy war
may be part of the struggle of Muslims, it is not the entirety of Jihad. In its primary sense, Jihad is
an internal struggle to rid oneself of debased actions or inclinations and devote ... Show more
Following the attacks on the Pentagon and Word Trade Center on September 11th, 2001, many
Muslim Clerics praised the attacks and many denounced them as the work of extremists. So
although there may be violent Muslims, Islam itself promotes a very peaceful practice and a loving
and forgiving God.
Millions of Americans and people around the globe consider the terrorist bombings all over the
Earth to be the work of cowards who can only execute such murderous acts because of the
knowledge that they won't live to face the repercussions. However, while the actions of these people
can never truly be justified, they are within the general spectrum of Islamic teachings. If these men
believed that their faith was under attack by America, they raised the "sword" to defend it. As the
Quran once again states, "Fighting is obligatory for you, much as you dislike it. But you may hate a
thing although it is good for you and love a thing although it is bad for you. God knows, but you do
not" (Van Voorst 312). Muslims are taught that any martyr who dies in defense of Islam has the
rewards of life multiplied many times over waiting for him in Heaven. "Allah has given those who
fight with their goods and their persons a higher rank than those who stay at home" (Sherif 166–
168). However, the idea of martyrdom and a beautiful afterlife for martyrs is not exclusive to Islam,
but present in many other religions, including Christianity. The teachings of Islam are not to blame
for

Terrorism And Terrorism Essay
The global threat of Al Qaeda and ISIL, increase Sunni–Shia conflicts and voice in Middle East,
Africa. Europe and around the world and has posed challenge to government in the region and the
global. Some scholars argue that the clash of civilization or culture war between the Muslims and
the West relations. The public discussion of Islam and violence have raised question about the
relationship of Islamism in regards to violence and terrorism. Many critics' believes that doctrines
like Jihad and past historical event in the past has been a strong indicator and evidence that Islam is
the main driving force Muslims extremism and terrorism in contemporary world. Islamic
radicalization and terrorists have taken advantage of the doctrine Jihad like Christian and Jewish did
in the past to carry out the acts of terrorism in unholy wars in the name of Christianity or Judaism.
The meaning of Jihad in the Quran is '' to fight following the will of God, fight injustice and
oppression, reform and create a just society, and if necessary to engage oneself in armed struggle to
defend one's community and religion. The Quran also stresses on fighting against aggression and
offensive or expansionist and a command to fight against all unbelievers and spread the message and
public order. Critics argue the meaning and intention of Q. 9:5 is the motivation behind Muslims
extremist and terrorist groups in past and present history. Islamic groups such as ISIS and Al Qaeda
as well as Boka Haram

Islam, Terrorism, Jihad and Media Essay
Islam, Terrorism, Jihad and Media
A bomb goes off in a marketplace in Tel Aviv. A suicide bomber launches himself in a bus full of
people in the street of Baghdad. Foreign tourists get massacred at a holiday resort in Nairobi, Kenya.
This can go on and on. We all have heard this kind of pathetic news in the media. These kinds of
incidents are widely known as Islamic terrorism according to the western media. All such incidents
have come to be identified with the religion of Islam. Such incidents from past and present have
undoubtedly affected Muslims worldwide and more so in the West. Any Muslim, who wants to
practice his/her religion and expresses the pious desire to live under the umbrella of Islam, is labeled
a fundamentalist or ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The answer is simple. Such actions, if not sanctioned by the religion, have no place in Islam. They
are not Islamic and should not be thought of as Islamic.
The word jihad sends shivers down the spines of many Westerners. It readily comes to their mind
that this term is associated with violence and oppression. However, it must be said that the meaning
of jihad, as a 'holy war', is something which is totally foreign and not from Islam. By simply looking
into the sources of Islam, one will be able to know that the true meaning of jihad is to strive/make
effort in the way of Allah. Thus striving in the way of Allah can be both peaceful and physical. The
Prophet Muhammad (saws) said:
"The best jihad is (by) the one who strives against his own self for Allah, The Mighty and
Majestic"
In the Qur'an, Allah also says:
"So obey not the disbelievers, but make a great jihad (effort) against them (by preaching) with
it (the Qur'an)"
(Surah Al–Furqan 25:52)
By controlling and fighting against ones desires, the Muslims can then also physically exert
themselves in the path of Allah. It is this physical or combative jihad, which receives so much
criticism. Because of the sheer ignorance of this type of jihad, Islam is regarded as terror, and
Muslims are regarded as terrorists. However, the very purpose of this physical jihad is to raise the
word of Allah uppermost.
Anyone who

A Short Note On Da And Its Attack On America On September...
Introduction
This memo will contain information concerning Al Qai'da and its attack on America on September
11, 2001. This act of terrorism, as it is related to President Bush's speech on September 20, 2001,
will show the accuracy of statements made by the President and any inaccuracies will be addressed
in the memo.
Background
Al Qai'da began in the 1980's due to the war between the Russians and Afghanistan. "Al– Qaeda
"The Base" was developed by Usama Bin Laden and others in the early 1980's to support the war
effort in Afghanistan against the Soviets." (FBI.gov). Bin Laden created the group based on Syyid
Qutb's teachings that Jihad should be waged in order for the Quran to be what is followed in society.
It should be noted that after victory in Afghanistan the fighters that were in "The Base" began going
to countries in the Middle East spreading the jihad mantra around. With this happening rising
opposition began against the U.S. and other non–Islamic governments. It is also prevalent to
remember the 1988 bombings of our embassies in Kenya and Tanzania in which Bin Laden
perpetrated.
The precepts in Al Qai'da are attributed to; dislike of non–Islamic countries, Jihad and dying in the
name of Jihad.
Al Qai'da as mentioned earlier had began waging war against the United States long before this
month such as "on October 12, 2000, a small boat loaded with explosives plowed into the hull of the
U.S.S. Cole, an American naval destroyer docked off the coast of Yemen. 17

Jihad : Islamic Tradition And Theology
This paper examines the concept of jihad in Islamic tradition and theology, the study unveils the
logical and hermeneutical presuppositions of Islam in upholding the doctrine of jihad in the 21st
century. As a universalistic religion with the ultimate aim of converting the entire world and
eliminating other religions, Islam uses jihad as the last option either in self– defence, or territorial
expansion. Jihad may mean self–purification in theory, but for political Islam, it is a strategy to
defeat the enemies of Islam through full armed confrontation. While some people are defending
Islam as a religion of peace, global political Islam has adopted jihad as a platform for military
confrontation with the enemies of Islam. The international ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
The international community is facing a tough time in combating the militant agenda of political
Islam.
Keywords: jihad, religion, Islam, territorial expansion, political Islam, warfare in Islam
1 Introduction
'Islam ' is derived from the Arabic word aslam, which means submission, surrender, resignation and
committing of oneself to the cause of Allah (Cowan, 1968: 424, 426). Another Arabic word that is
the root word of aslam is salam, which is interpreted as safety, immunity, freedom, soundness, well
being, peacefulness, salutation or imperfection (Lane, 1978: 1415). The social and spiritual goal of
Islam involves the attainment of peace through absolute submission to the will of Allah. A. R. I. Doi
writes: "Islam means absolute submission to the creator and Lord. A Muslim is a believer whose
faith (Iman) is firm in him and believes in the absolute unity of God who watches all his activities.
The entire message of Islam, therefore, is based on two fundamentals; faith (Iman) and right doing
(Ihsan) " (1981: 44).
A Muslim is not an ordinary citizen in any society. As a bearer and reservoir of peace, a faithful
Muslim is called khalifat Allah (vice–gerent of Allah). As ambassador of Allah on earth, Muslims
have a duty to promote peaceful co–existence in all human societies. Abul 'ala Maududi writes: "The
moral

What Is Al-Qaeda?
When speaking about al–Qaeda, this paper refers to an organization with numerous affiliates that
promotes a global terrorist interpretation of jihad and thus inspires a movement of followers via the
Internet. Jihadism is the modern ideology and terrorist interpretation of jihad, and jihadists are
persons who hold up its principles and doctrines. An intermediate control level of al–Qaeda and
other organizations exists, and it can be illustrated with the steady output of ideas and agendas.
However, there are countless other actors who exert influence on jihadism online. Thus, it is
preferable not to use the term "al–Qaeda" to describe the participants of online jihad. Most of them
have nothing to do with al–Qaeda. The term al–Qaeda implies a ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
One cannot assume an absolute division between the virtual and physical worlds. With the
development of Web 2.0, an increasing entanglement of both spheres has taken place. Most people
take virtual worlds dead serious. Nobody wants to be harmed in his or her virtual identity, i.e. to be
"net–smutted" and "net–shitted" on Facebook, Twitter, or YouTube. Yet, people love it to be "net
flirted" or "net loved". As yet, there is an essential human conflict how to deal with cyberspace and
its effects on human behavior. Virtual phenomena thus are still being interpreted nearly as an
illusion, or something that is true, but not totally true. The virtual world and its effects are like a
phantom to the human mind. Propaganda in the Web is "nothing but a virtual call," can often be
heard in the news. Yet, authoritarian states are shutting down Net services to avoid calls for
demonstrations that might endanger their existence (for example in Egypt and China). Participants
in Net–agitation are being punished with long prison terms by repressive states. Therefore, they
create solidarity and hierarchy among speakers. Only participants who share linguistic,
differentiated or restrictive codes belong to a certain in–group. Others may be discriminated and
separated. Restrictive codes strengthen in–group cohesion, which leads to heightened out–group
aggression.' Specially "restrictive codes," which are only understood by in–group

Essay on The Real Meanings of Jihad
The concept of Jihad was not widely known in the western world before the terrorist attacks on the
United States on September 11, 2001. Since then, the word has been woven into what our media and
government feed us along with notions of Terrorism, Suicide Bombings, Hamas, Al–Qaeda, Osama
Bin Laden, and now, Jihad. Our society hears exhortations resounding from the Middle East calling
the people to rise up in Jihad and beat back the imperialist Americans. Yet, if we try to peel back all
of these complex layers of information we can we attempt to find out what Jihad really means.
Webster's Dictionary defines Jihad as "a holy war waged on behalf of Islam as a religious duty or a
crusade for a principle or belief" (1). Often, media depicts ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
The internal struggle was, however, always meant to be the nobler, finer action. It was more in line
with peaceful mainstream Muslim practice, including "observing the Five Pillars of Islam and
seeing the internal struggle as a complete way of life that should pervade and individuals day to day
affairs" (Engineer). The great importance of this inner struggle led to its being dubbed as the
"greater Jihad" (Church 111).
However, Jihad's age old association with violence was nearly unavoidable. Struggle can rather
easily be translated into a call to conduct an external Jihad for the Islamic faith. For example, a verse
in the Qu'ran states, "go forth, light armed and heavy armed, and strive with your wealth and your
lives in the way of Allah" (Church 111). This verse clearly pairs Jihad ("strive") with external
violence ("go forth, light armed and heavy armed") (Church 111). Indeed, violent Jihad was an
obvious necessity because the Muslim community had always been a religious and political faction.
Many lost their lives to spread and defend the newfound faith in Arabia and eventually to locations
far beyond. Jihad's association with violence and religious duty made it an ideal expression for
Muslims to justify "lesser Jihad," or the notion of external conflict, centered on the idea of spreading
the faith (Church 112).
Interpretations of Jihad have fluctuated greatly through history, widening the rift between its internal

Jihad Vs Mcworld Summary
Jihad vs. McWorld: How Globalism and Tribalism are Reshaping the world, written by Benjamin
Barber, is an extremely interesting book focusing on a world that consists of two dominating forces,
both bringing together and tearing the world apart as we know it. These forces Barber labels as Jihad
and McWorld. "Jihad" is based on separatism, a world in which cultures are threatened by other
cultures different then their own. The retribalization in which groups are going to war with each
other and producing a world that is opposed to interdependence and cooperation. "McWorld" on the
other hand, is described as a world that has, "onrushing economic, technological, and ecological
forces that demand integration and uniformity and that mesmerize ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
The first issue that Barber believes McWorld creates for democracy is that full employment of the
public is not seen as beneficial. Businesses are constantly looking for the most productive and
efficient matter of going about thinks, many times resulting in labor reducing job policies. For
example, the auto industry in Detroit eliminated many of their factories and condensed their work
force into more efficient factories utilizing work of more machines and less workers. Barber
believes that purely free capitalism can be too ruthless and that, "economies in this century have
always been mixed economies in which democratic governments have balanced the interests of
economic utility and social justice," (pg.238). Another problem that Barber believes McWorld has
produced is global interdependency, which threatens democracy by moving nation away from self–
sufficiency. Barber stated, "American manufacturing leadership simply is not any longer
American...Manufacturing corporations have become as global as the markets they ply," (pg.54).
Nations being economically dependent on others globally creates political servitude both internally
and externally that undermines democracy. The last dilemma that believes that McWorld imposes on
democracy is that it causes citizens to lose interest in public affairs. McWorld produces a society
that Barber thinks citizens feel unattached too and meaningless in. Barber believes these people feel
a, "profound civic alienation that disconnects individuals from their communities and isolates them
from nonmaterial sources of their being," (pg.275). Involved and educated citizens are the essential
for any democracy to be successful and McWorld does very little to promote either of those aspects.
"Harry C. Boyte and other supporter of renewed citizenship

The Pros And Cons Of ISIS
ISIS has been said to take the concept of Jihadism to the extreme. They use the Hadith (scriptures)
and verses from the Quraan in order to justify their actions in Arab countries such as Palestine and
Egypt.
The word Jihad originated from Arabic which is commonly translated as "holy war" or "spiritual
struggle", (Source A). Many people associate the word with a negative concept, simply because it is
misunderstood. There are two types of Jihad and many people of the western world only experience
the 'Lesser Jihad' which is where Muslims undertake a hot war with non–believers. It is these actions
that allow people to label the Muslims as terrorists. More often than not the Islamic population
prefers not to use the word as it has a negative concept. When the word Jihad is used it refers to the
spiritual struggle one faces in the western world. It is the struggle that each muslim faces in order to
increase their faith and become closer to Allah (God). This is where people often misinterpret the
word and its meaning.
However Jihad does indeed mean to wage a war but only if it is ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
ISIS is an organization that claims to be helping their fellow muslim brothers and sisters in the hash
situation they find themselves in. During the times when Islam was fairly new and just beginning to
develop, the tribes of those times were allowed to avenge their loved that were killed by a different
tribe, so as the religion began to develop this rule was carried but with a set of rules. It is also on this
piece of history that ISIS justifies their actions. They have claimed along with Al–Qaida that they
feel no remorse for those they attack as they are simply avenging the deaths of their many loved
ones. It is due to their extremely strong belief of the religion and the concept of being allowed to
take the life of the one that took their loved

The Controversy Of Jihad Misconceptions
The term Jihad is drawn from Arabic to mean struggle. There are many Jihads such as: jihad–al nafs,
jihad bil–listen, jihad bil–yad, and others. A common misconception is that jihad means battling for
God. However, none of these is ascertainable from the Quran, and thus, this claim is erroneous. This
misunderstanding is closely related to the holding that people who die for the sake of God become
martyrs. Nevertheless, this is fallacious as the Quran brands one an amateur only in the following
circumstances; if one dies on a pilgrimage to Mecca, in car clash when going to the mosque or when
a woman dies giving birth. As thus, jihad does not support terrorism or unnecessary battles. There
are many striking similarities between Islamic and

Disadvantages Of Jihad
INTRODUCTION: Indeed, jihad is one of the important topics to be discussed. This is because
jihad has a high position in the life of Muslims in order to build and maintain strength. Without
jihad, Muslims will be threatened, and even more alarming, if the Muslims have abandoned the duty
of jihad from their agenda whether in terms of external, internal, thought and culture. Therefore,
Muslims must prepare themselves for jihad. But as we see, jihad has been misinterpreted and
consequently cause negative reaction that affect the integrity of Islam as divine religion. In a
religious sense, as described by the Quran and teachings of the Prophet Muhammad SAW, jihad has
many meanings. It can refer to internal as well as external efforts to be a ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
At certain areas it overlaps with zakat and hajj. Al–Imam Al–Bukharinarrated a hadith from the
Prophet SAW: "A person whose feet become dust ridden because of striving in the way of Allah will
never be touched by the flames of Hell"
JIHAD BY THE SWORD: Jihad by the sword or jihad bissaif. In contrary to the jihad by the heart,
this form of jihad is referred as "the lesser jihad" (al–jihad al–asghar). Sometimes, it is necessary to
undertake jihad with weapon. This would include usage of weapons and engaging and struggling in
a war to liberate the country from colonialism and also to defend the rights and not to create
violence. There are only two situations were jihad by the sword is allowed to be undertaken:
1– For self–defence.
2– Fighting against evil and unjust.
There are many rules and limitations when engaging in a war under the title of jihad. For example,
civilians are not to be harmed; trees are not to be cut down ; asylum should be granted to
surrendering enemy soldiers; etc. Allah SWT said which means: "If one amongst the Pagans ask
thee for asylum, grant it to him, so that he may hear the word of Allah; and then escort him to where
he can be secure. That is because they are men without knowledge"

Terror Fatwas
Terror Fatwas
Situated in the current literature on terrorism, the "four waves" of international terrorism was coined
by David Rapoport. He describes waves as "a cycle of activity in a given time period," one that is
"characterized by expansion and contraction phases," and its chief feature is its international
character, where the activities in the several afflicted countries are "driven by a common
predominant energy that shapes the participating groups' characteristics and mutual relationships."
Having traced through history the direction of modern terrorism dating as far back as 1880,
Rapaport lists four distinct waves of terrorism: anarchism, anti–colonialism, communism/socialism,
and religious fundamentalism; the names of which reflecting ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Bar argues that terror fatwas remain undisputed due to there being a lack of counterterror fatwas:
"this ... is a one–sided battle; the radicals are on the offensive, whereas counter–attacks of moderates
are few and far between. Fatwas commanding terror can only be countered by a clear opposing
consensus (ijma') of mainstream 'ulama. Such a consensus does not exist; on the key issues relating
to Islamic terror the mainstream 'ulama are silent, a silence which for many of their follower is
construed as consent." Bar prescribes that "for every fatwa that promises paradise to those who
engage in jihad, an authoritative counter–fatwa is needed that threatens hellfire for those actions."
(Bar 15) Taking into consideration Bar's recommendations for counterterror fatwas, Weimann argues
that the issue lies within the launching of the counterterror fatwas, in that they receive "little media
coverage" and are not "posted on the online platforms were most jihadi fatwas are." (Weimann

Jihad: Most Misunderstood And Feared Terms In Modern Day...
The Jihad is probably one of the most misunderstood and feared terms in modern day America. Ever
since the attacks on the World Trade Center in New York City on September 11th, 2001, the Muslim
religious duty of Jihad has had only negative connotations. Of course, seeing two trademark
buildings collapsed and mangled on the groundwith thousands dead all in the name of religion
would have anyone jump to a negative conclusion. But what most people don't understand is that the
meaning of the term "Jihad" is one greatly left up to interpretation. Each sect of the Islamic religion
has a different take on this religion duty and the expectation that go along with it. Therefore, the
idea of Jihad that America has learned to fear might not be the ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
The Five Pillars are Shahadah, Salat, Zakat, Sawm, and Hajj. 2
First is Shahadah, when one devoutly and sincerely professes their Muslim faith. Next is Salat
which is the act of performing the ritual prayers. These ritual prayers take place every day of the
week, five times a day, being before dawn, noon, afternoon, sunset and evening. Then comesZakat,
the giving money to the poor and needy in the form of charity. Following is Sawm, a term meaning
the fasting period during the month of Ramadan. Lastly is the Hajj which is a pilgrimage to Mecca.
This pilgrimage is an obligation of all able bodied and healthy Muslims to be completed at least
once in their lifetime. 2
As stated earlier, calling the internal Jihad the greater Jihad has drawn up some controversy amongst
some scholars. It became known as the greater Jihad due to a quote that supposedly came straight
from the Prophet Muhammad upon return from battle. He said "We are finished with the lesser
jihad; now we are starting the greater jihad." Following this he explained that he felt engaging in
war and battling the enemy was a lesser struggle than that struggle and battle that occurs within
oneself. According to some scholars, this came from an unreliable source. Because of that
unreliability, some have given the struggle to protect and defend Islam a greater meaning while
others have let that quote and the internal Jihad strongly influence

Jihad Is Obligatory For The Muslims
Jihad The companion Abu Bakhr once state that, "Jihad is obligatory for the Muslims." However,
the meaning of the term Jihad has been interpreted differently in modern day in the Western
societies compared to how Muslim Scholars and Muslim societies in general view it. Furthermore,
in this paper, I am going to analyze what Western societies think about Jihad, how Muslim Scholars
interpret what Jihad really is, and eventually why I think that there is a difference between how both
sides, Western societies on one side and Muslim Scholars and Muslim societies in general, view
Jihad. First, how Western societies in general think about the Muslim Jihad. Among the majority of
Westerners, the term "Jihad" often brings up images of Muslim terrorists killing people who
disagree with them. Jihad is an emotionally charged word that is heralded by the Western news
media in descriptions of Middle East activities. Furthermore, one of the fundamental ideas
underlying the argument of those who advocate a clash of civilizations between Islam and the West
is the thesis that Islam is a religion that advocates perpetual warfare. This warfare, in their
formulation, is what Muslims know as Jihad. According to American historian and writer, Daniel
Pipes, "jihad is holy war. Or more precisely: It means the legal, compulsory, communal effort to
expand the territories ruled by Muslims at the expense of territories ruled by non–Muslims" (Daniel
Pipes, 2002). In other words, the purpose of

Anna Azzam Research Paper
The paper would examine the life of Abdullah Azzam, is one of the founding members of the
extremist group called Al Qaeda. There is a lot to the life of Abdullah Azzam, so this paper would
seek to highlight his life and how he contributed to the rise of Jihad. The paper would benefit the
university, students, and the nation to understand the history of Jihad. It would show how it led to
emergence of extremist groups around the world. The paper would also highlight the person who
largely contributed to the start and rise of Jihad in the world.
Abdullah Azzam is the Muslim leader who contributed to make Jihad expand in many parts of the
world. Sheikh Abdullah Azzam as the west knows him is the figure responsible for jihad than any
other figure in the Arab world. He advocated international holy war that did not have any borders.
He mobilized the Muslims to engage in holy war against all non–believers who they considered
enemies of Islam. He was born in 1941 in Palestine and he later settled in Pakistan when
Afghanistan was invaded by the Soviet Union. He re–started the will to fight power that were non–
Islamic that were deemed to be against the Islam religion. He kept the spirit of Jihad among the
Arab nations and masses. Azzam possessed high oratory skills, military strategy prowess, high
religious leadership and perpetual energy. This manifests when he aided to organize the Muslim
Brotherhood. This led to Arab ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It is an Islamic group that it work is to fight regimes and people who are perceived to be enemies of
Islam religion. It uses guerrilla tactics to fight civilians and governments. It targets developed states,
which they accuse to use imperialism and neo–colonialism to oppress Muslim states. They also
target Muslim states that are pro United States. It targets groups and Muslim elites that are
secularized. It is the first extremist group to have its networks throughout the

Argumentative Essay On Jihad
Throughout the current era in America, Islam, the third most practiced religion in the World, has
been misunderstood and imprecisely defined in American culture, presenting a pressing issue for
Muslim–Americans resulting in discrimination socioculturally. Americans are ignorant as to
comprehend the definition of the Islamic term, Jihad, clouding their judgment into accepting the
culture of Muslims living beside them. Merriam Dictionary defines jihad as a holy war waged as the
religious duty in the name of Islam, but "just north of ten percent of Muslims worldwide support and
sanction religiously motivated violence against civilians." As a result, Americans have unlawfully
punished the victims themselves for hate crimes and inhumane discrimination due to radicals taking
the term far more literally than intended (Source 2 and 4). The word is translated into English as to
strive, struggle or effort, but due to the misinterpretation of the scripture, wars are waged by eminent
Islamic terrorist groups such as ISIS and Al Qaeda. Efforts conducted by the Islamic Supreme
Council of America to exemplify Jihad's intended translation are still in effect by educating and
patient examination of the error of the poor definition to drive of naive Americans and extreme
Muslims practitioners into peace. Jihad must be redefined in Western Culture to more efficiently
accommodate to the religious explanation to a holy war within oneself as well as other Muslims, and
not a declaration of war in

Essay on The Terrorists Attack on the World Trade Centre...
The terrorists attack on the World Trade Centre in New York on September 9, 2001 which changes
the western concept about Islam and Muslims. Moreover, Islamic concept "Jihad" is criticized and it
is questioned among Non–Muslims. 9/11 attack not only effects non–Muslims but also the Muslims
who have no connections with the terrorist groups. As well as they do not support these terrorism.
These Muslims face the hatred of the non–western people. They feel guilty about the Sin, they
neither commit nor support. After 9/11, The Muslims all over the world called as terrorist and Islam
is considered as religion which provokes terror. Although, the Muslim terrorists attempted these
attacks on the name of Jihad, Islam does not encourage ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
According to the article, "The concept of Jihad", Now–a–days, Many Muslims are engaged in the
movements on the basis of "Islamic Jihad". Thought calling themselves as Jihadi. Actions are
needed as Jihad to meet all circumstances. However, these battles on the behalf of Jihad does not
meet the criteria. As they are promoting Fasad (opposite of Jihad) in the world and will not be
rewarded by the Lord. Instead they will be punished for their evil deed. (Khan 81) An important
question rises about the Islam which is "Does Islam promote violence?" The criticizers said that
Islam advocates peace and it does not maintain peace. According to the Islamic history, The Prophet
Muhammad (P.B.U.H) never preached violence nor did he urge the Muslims to do brutal killing of
people on the name of Islam. He always preferred the choice which did not raise fierceness. His
enemies always abused him, their kids threw stones on him. They also plotted the murder against
him. Instead of fighting back, he migrated to Medina. He gave several chances to his enemies. He
also signed the treaties with Non–Muslims. The most of treaties points are in favor of Non–
Muslims.
If Islam and the Prophet Muhammad (P.B.U.H) anticipated to provoke violence, he would start
brutal killing and did not sign any of these treaties. Why would he spent thirteen years in Mecca to
preach the Islamic teachings? Because, he wanted to set an example for people that Islam is the
name

Overview: The Two Jihads By Malise Ruthven
What is the jihad? This is the question that Malise Ruthven tries to answer in the final chapter of his
book, Islam A Very Short Introduction. The jihad is a highly complex and misunderstood concept
due to the fact that some terrorist groups use it as the motivation for their acts of violence. Many
people think that the jihad is a holy war, when it actually means "struggle" (126). The title of the
final chapter is the "The Two Jihads". This title refers to the two aspects of the jihad, the lesser jihad
and the greater jihad.
The greater jihad is the personal struggle against temptation and the struggle to submit yourself to
Allah. Most people would be surprised to find out that the jihad that gets more emphasis within
Islam is the personal struggle as opposed to the outer struggle. The lesser jihad is the struggle
against polytheism and the effort to convert others to Islam. The lesser jihad is the jihad that most
people associate with ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
I didn't like that he focused more of the chapter on the greater jihad and Islam's history of war and
rebellion. It was frustrating to read because I wanted to learn more about how Muslims interpret and
embody the greater jihad in their lives and in their religious practices. The greater jihad is something
that we never hear about and that Western media pays little attention to. I wanted to learn more
about the theological aspects of the greater jihad and the religious concepts.
The jihad is a complicated concept in how it is act upon within Islam. On the academic side, we
must remember that jihad means struggle and that there are two parts of the jihad that Muslims
follow. The greater struggle is the personal struggle against temptation while the lesser jihad is the
struggle against polytheism. The lesser and the greater jihad are extremely misunderstood in our
media and we can be the people who teach others what this concept actually

How Does Pamela Geller Define Jihad '?
My definition or impression of the word "Jihad" before I watch these videos is a struggle, or a war,
or a fight between someone.
Video 1: Pamela Gellar on CNN (Play the first 10 mins.)
2. How does Ms. Geller define "Jihad"? In the video Ms. Geller defines "Jihad" as in any war
between the civilized man and the savage, support the civilized man. Support Israel, defeat jihad. 3.
How does she contend that her definition is central to Islam? Pamela Geller argues that her
definition is central to Islam by saying that you have the freedom of speech or the freedom of
expression. That she can say her campaign is right and she has the right to post her anti– hate
campaign. I think she was arguing that her anti–jihad ad is for to increase awareness ... Show more
Geller's definition and/ or Islamic extremists is that they do not really have any comparison between
the too. The Islamic extremists are using the word as a struggle and Ms. Geller is using it as a war.
The only way I can see a comparison is if you relate a war to a struggle, because when you are in a
war you have struggles.
7. How successful do you think Geller's bus ads will be in today's political climate?
After watching these videos, I think that Gellers bus ads will be in todays political climate will not
be successful because her ad is an anti hate ad against the word jihad. She seems to use the word in a
negative way. Her ad might be successful with the people that agree with her campaign ad, but I
think it mostly not be successful.
8. After you've watched both videos, what question or questions remain in your mind about the
meaning of Jihad or any matter related to the video?
After watching video, the question or questions that remain in my mind about the meaning of jihad
or any matter related to the video is why are there so many different definition of the word Jihad? In
the video it says it a struggle, but also a holy war. Why are Muslims and non–Muslims misusing the
word jihad? Why are people unaware of the controversial? Why is there a struggle to reclaim the
word

Essay on September 11 and the Ethics of Jihad
September 11 and the Ethics of Jihad
The Western world has long been aware of the anti–Jewish, anti–Christian, and anti–American
rhetoric taught by extremist Muslim groups. The concept of jihad existed as a vague notion: one of
those Islamic things; something to do with the disputes in the Middle East. On September 11, 2001,
the topic suddenly gained paramount importance in the mind of the common man.
"I will shed my blood for you, Oh Palestine, take back the land that is ours."
"I am not afraid of suicide, God will receive me for I will be a martyr."
"Jihad is my destiny, my life."
Chants taught in Palestinian elementary schools.1
Jihad came under additional scrutiny as word spread of ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
When is the appropriate time to wage jihad? Who has the authority to declare one? How
authoritative are boundaries and treaties? What is the ultimate purpose of jihad? The Qur'an itself
dutifully provides enough vague wordings that the same text is interpretable in many different ways.
Nevertheless, there is some consensus – and some dissent – in the post–colonial Muslim world.
The Essence of Jihad
The word jihad or djihad in the Arabic language can be translated in a number of different ways, a
variety of definitions ranging from the traditional Western phrase "holy war," to the "efforts of
Christian missionaries."4 Three of the possible practical interpretations are expounded by Rudolph
Peters, a professor at the University of Amsterdam, Majid Khadduri, a native of Iraq and an emeritus
member on the board of the Middle East Institute,5 and Emmanuel Sivan, professor at the Hebrew
University in Jerusalem.
Peters defines jihad as "any effort toward a subjectively praiseworthy aim, which need not
necessarily have anything to do with religion... it does not always denote armed struggle."6
Khadduri stands in stark contrast to Peters, however, explaining the meaning of jihad this way:
The term jihad is derived from the verb jahada (abstract noun, juhd) which means 'exerted'; its

juridical–theological meaning is exertion of one's power in Allah's path, that is, the spread of the
belief in Allah and in making His word

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