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Collaborating with wikis
- 1. Collaborating with Wikis Storyboard Stacey Donaldson Dr. Toledo EDUC8841 Diffusion of Technology
- 2. What is a Wiki? Technological Innovation • The word is of Hawaiian •A wiki allows for global origin and means quick. collaboration to occur via the World Wide Web. Documents can be created and altered at anytime by any member of the learning community. The Wiki Wiki Shuttle concept inspired the name of the technology innovation. Collaborating with Wikis Storyboard
- 3. Element 1: Need Alternately certified teachers need extra support during the first years of teaching. Wiki technology is one means of collaborating and providing support.
- 4. Element 2: Research Ward Cunningham developed the wiki in 1994 and launched it in 1995 to address issues in object- oriented programming. Wikis were not easily accepted because of its “I write the seed of the idea and I name. come back in a week and see how Wiki means “quick” and the idea has grown." is a perfect description of its setup and usage.
- 5. Element 3: Development The intended users were programmers. The wiki idea originates from hypercard stacks innovation. It took a while for the wiki idea to catch on because of its funny name.
- 6. Element 4: Commercialization The wiki was launched on C2.com for promotion on the Portland Pattern Repository. Invitations were sent out to prompt sharing of programming ideas.
- 7. Innovation Decision Making Knowledge Persuasion Decision Implementation Confirmation
- 8. Innovation Decision Process Wiki Timeline
- 9. Timeline for Wiki 1994 ↓ Wiki was created
- 10. Steps 1 and 2 Step 1: Knowledge Step 2: Persuasion 1995 ↓ WikiWikiWeb is live and adopter evaluation begins
- 11. Step 3 and 4 Step 3: Decision Step 4: Implementation 1996 ↓ Community members can contribute to discussion via wiki
- 12. Step 5: Confirmation 1998 ↓ Conflicts prompt Wiki users to create their own wikis
- 13. Wiki S-Curve Disk Usage in Megabytes 60 2 1994 1995 2000 2001 2003 2005 2006 2007 2012 Time
- 14. Adopter Categories Laggards Disk Usage in Megabytes Late Majority Early Majority Early Adopters 60 2 Innovators 1994 1995 2000 2001 2003 2005 2006 2007 2012 Time
- 15. Adopters in JPS Innovators Early Adopters ── ── Specialists Administrators Laggards Early Majority Late Majority ── ── ── Retirement Age Novice Teachers Experience Teachers Teachers
- 16. Attributes of Innovations Relative Advantage Compatibility Complexity Trialability Observability
- 17. Strategies to Encourage Adoption
- 18. Centralized vs. Decentralized Government official Client –controlled and technical expert administered Horizontal network Top-down diffusion (peer diffusion) Innovation-centered Problem -centered approach approach
- 19. Change Agent Change agents are persons who influence clients’ innovations decisions in agreement with the change agency
- 20. Possible Change Agents in JPS Teacher mentors Technology specialists Curriculum specialists
- 21. Change Agent Roles Develop clients’ need Translate intension into for change action Create information Stablize adoption and exchange relationship prevent discontinuance Diagnose problems Achieve a terminal relationship with clients Influence client change
- 22. Critical Mass Wikis HAVE met critical mass--Adoption of an innovation to the point of self sustainability.
- 23. Alternate Route Teacher ATTRITION Some 50 percent of alternately certified teacher left the classroom in
- 24. SOLUTION! AND Face to Face Mentoring Virtual Mentoring
- 25. WINNER!!!
Editor's Notes
- This is just and introduction of the innovation. The Wiki Wiki Shuttle Bus is where Ward Cunningham got the name of the wiki. Wiki means quick. Wiki Wiki means very quick. This would be indicative of the wiki’s ease and speed.Wikipedia. (2011). Retrieved from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wiki_Wiki_Shuttle
- Virtual collaboration in conjunction with face to face mentoring provides support that diminishes the feeling of isolation. This type of collaboration will also help these teachers become a part of a community that faces similar issues.
- Bishop, T. (2004). “Microsoft notebook: Wiki pioneer planted the seed and watched it grow.” Retrieved from http://www.seattlepi.com/business/article/Microsoft-Notebook-Wiki-pioneer-planted-the-seed-1135376.php
- The wiki would make the exchange if ideas easier among programmers. Hypercard stacks was an hypermedia innovation created by Apple before the World Wide Web was launched. This is a computer information system that allows for the exchange of information (text, video, audio, etc.)
- Participation increased as invitations were sent out for participation in working on the website. Wiki History. (2011). Retrieved from http://c2.com/cgi-bin/wiki?WikiHistory
- There are five stages in the innovation decision making process. This is the process an individual might go through to adopt an innovative idea or product. The wiki like all other innovations went through this process for adoption.
- In 1994,Ward Cunningham started developing the WikiWikiWeb, a collaborative database for programmers.
- March 16, 1995 Cunningham sent an email to a colleague inviting him to participate and make comments on the wiki. Several months later in May, Cunningham sent invitations to programmers increasing participation.
- Several months later in May, Cunningham sent invitations to programmers increasing participation; The internet increase the speed of the process allowing adopters to engage in activities for form a decision to adopt the wiki innovation, all while using the innovation.
- In 1998 change agents for Extreme Programming started posting comments related to software development. This aggravated some users who users who were drawn to the wiki to collaborate on design patterns. As a result, the disconcerted adopters created their own wikis to discuss patterns.
- 1994 - Wiki created1995 - Wiki Launched2000 – Wiki spawned development of other wikis like Meatball, which allowed for programmers’ discussions. Wiki is still unknown outside programming circles.2001 - Wikipedia becomes the most popular wiki site and plays a major role in introducing the innovation to the public.2003 – Meatball begins linking wikis2005 – Large scale Wiki meetings for corporations and organizations2006- Wiki is a household term; Other communities (besides corporations and organizations) begin using wikis2007 – Public acceptance milestone; Oxford Dictionary entry (Wikipedia, 2011)
- 1994 - Wiki created1995 - Wiki Launched2000 – Wiki spawned development of other wikis like Meatball, which allowed for programmers’ discussions. Wiki is still unknown outside programming circles.2001 - Wikipedia becomes the most popular wiki site and plays a major role in introducing the innovation to the public.2003 – Meatball begins linking wikis2005 – Large scale Wiki meetings for corporations and organizations2006- Wiki is a household term; Other communities (besides corporations and organizations) begin using wikis2007 – Public acceptance milestone; Oxford Dictionary entry (Wikipedia, 2011)
- Innovators – Technology/ curriculum specialistsEarly Adopters – Innovative administratorsEarly Majority-Teachers who see the benefit of virtual support- New teachers/alternate certified teachersLate Majority Experienced teachers who may not be comfortable with technology; may not be in a content areaLaggards – More seasoned teachers who have not embraced technology. Maybe of retirement age.
- There a five perceived attributes that determine an innovation’s rate of adoption.
- Who would you expect to be (or who are) the innovators and early adopters in your field of work for the innovation you are exploring? What strategies are the most persuasive in convincing them to adopt the innovation? The early adopters are the newer teachers who are offered support via this innovation. Who do you think would be (or who are) the laggards in terms of rejecting the innovation? What strategies would be best to help move them toward adoption? Assure opportunity for trial and error and observing others use the innovation. Interpersonal communication channels must be established as well.Which combination of perceived attributes would be best for helping your innovation meet critical mass in your industry? First three: Relative Advantage, compatibility, trialability
- Decentralized diffusion system would be most appropriate wiki diffusion since the level of expertise is minimal and the users needs are homogenous. Since participants are sharing information and creating information to reach a mutual understanding, a decentralized diffusion system is more suitable.
- Thedecentralized approach would work best for the adoption of wikis to support alternately certified teachers.I would recommend teachers mentors, technology specialists or curriculum specialists as key change agents in the district.can the seven roles of a change agent be used in your organization to effect positive social change? Has the innovation you are proposing to the Board already met critical mass in society?
- Teacher mentors, technology specialists, and curriculum specialists have the potential to be effective change agents because of the contact they have with teachers.
- Adoption to the point that further adoption is self sustaining. The fact that wikis are an interactive innovation and wiki users can exchange roles and share control it increases the usefulness for future adopters.
- The research tells us without appropriate support, many alternately certified teachers may be lost to attrition..
- Mentoring these teachers through wikis is one way to supplement face to face mentoring. Virtual mentoring through use of wikis is a free and easy way to meet the needs of these novice teachers
- who help to meet the needs of our district’s most prized possessions, students.