2. Today's Presentation
Introduction
What is a Nanotube
History of Nanotube Research
Nanotube Structure and Properties
Applications of Nanotubes
Conclusion
3. Introduction
Why are we interested in Nanotube
development?
What is a Nanotube?
History of the Nanotube?
How was it discovered…(who, where and
when)?
What are different kinds of Nanotubes?
What are some properties of a Nanotube?
What is Nanotechnology?
Applications of Nanotechnology?
4. Chronological Milestones
1985 Researchers discover soccer ball shaped
molecule created by linking together 60 or
more carbon atoms. It was later named after
R. Buckmister Fuller (buckyballs).
1991 Observation and identification of
nanotubes in fullerene soot by Sumio Iijima.
1992 Predictions of metallic/insulating
properties.
1993 Synthesis of single-walled nanotubes.
5. Chronological Milestones
1996 Measurement of individual
multiwalled tubes.
1996 Individual nanotube used as an
AFM tip.
1996 Production of bulk, monodisperse
1.4 nm SWNTs.
1997 Observation of single-electron
effects in individual SWNTs and bundles.
15. The "…force
unravels the
tube as a
knitter would
unravel the
sleeve of a
sweater."
(Yakobson &
Smalley, 1997)
(Yakobson & Smalley, 1997)
16. Material Modulus (GPa)
Diamond 1000
Silicon 107
Iron 196
Low Alloy Steels 200-207
Nylon 3-3.4
Silicon Carbide (SiC) 450
Carbon Nanotubes approx. 630 (Cornell, 1996)
The table below gives a comparison of the
magnitude of elastic modulus between
substances.
17. The top picture
shows a bent
nanotube. The
bottom picture
shows the same
nanotube after
release from the
matrix.
From: Ebbesen (ed.), Carbon Nanotubes: Preparation and Properties,
CRC Press, Boca Raton (1997).
18. Current State of the Research
A Few Working Applications
– Polymer Reinforcement
– Electron Guns
– Scanning Probe Microscope Tips
A Lot of Hype and Theoretical Work
– Electronic Circuit Elements
– Artificial Nanostructures
20. Electron Guns
Nanoscale pointed conductors used as
electron field emitters
Sharp Nanotube Points Make Them Ideal as
Electron Guns
One application of Electron Guns is in Field
Emission Displays
– Electrons Emitted from Source Exciting a
Phosphor
21. Nanotube in a Field Emission
Display
Carbon Nanotubes and Related Structures, Harris, p150
22. Scanning Probe Microscope
Tips
Large, Blunt Conventional Tip Limit
Microscope Resolution
Sharp Point of Nanotube Provides for High
Resolution Imaging
– Used as Tips for Atomic Force Microscopy
– Electrical Conductivity Allows for Use In
Scanning Tunneling Microscopy
23. A New Kind of Pencil
Carbon Nanotubes and Related Structures, Harris, p 209
24. Nanotubes as Circuit
Elements
Nanotubes Conductivity is Determined by
Chirality and Environment
– Semiconducting
– Conducting
– Insulating
25. Testing A Nanotube For
Electrical Properties
Carbon Nanotubes and Related Structures, Harris, p 128
26. Nanotube Field Effect
Transistor
Semiconducting SWNT Placed Between
Two Electrodes
Appling Voltage To Gate Electrode Changes
SWNT from Conducting the Insulating
Carbon Nanotubes and Related Structures, Harris, p133
28. In Conclusion
Nanoscale Tubes Made From Carbon
Hexagons
Exceptional Physical Properties
– Semiconducting, Conducting or Insulating
– High Strength
Field of Research is Only 9 Years Old
Best and Most Innovative is Yet to Come