2. Discuss with a partner:
1. What were you doing this time yesterday?
2. What were you planning to do when the war started?
3. When did you join Avenga? Where did you work before Avenga? Did you like it there?
4. What had you done yesterday by the end of your workday?
5. Had you been abroad by the time you turned 18?
6. Had you been working at your previous job for long before you left it?
3. Past Simple Form:
I worked at EPAM before Avenga.
+ S + V2/ed
-S + didn’t + V1
? Did + S + V1…?
4. Use Past Simple for:
1. Short past actions that happened in the past and we know when
exactly (Yesterday I bought a bottle of milk.)
2. Past permanent situations (I lived in Odesa when I was a child.)
3. Historical facts (Ukraine became independent in 1991.)
4. Several short past actions that happened one after another (Yesterday
I woke up, had breakfast and went to work.)
5. With words: Yesterday, the day before yesterday, … ago, last…, in
(1991), when
7. Use Past Continuous for:
1. For actions in progress at a specific moment in the past (At 6 o’clock yesterday I was
doing my homework.)
2. For 2 long actions happening at the same time (While I was doing my homework, my
mum was cooking dinner.)
3. For background information and descriptions (The sun was shining, the birds were
singing, I was reading a book on a bench.)
4. For a long action interrupted by a short action (I was reading when my dog threw up
in my shoe.)
5. With words: Yesterday from… till, at … o’clock; while, as, when
8. Past Perfect Simple Form:
+ S + had +V3/ed
-S + hadn’t + V3/ed
? Had + S + V3/ed
9. Past Continuous Form:
I was working this time yesterday.
+ S + was/were + Ving
-S + wasn’t/weren’t + Ving
? Was/were + S + Ving…?
I/he/she/it + was
We/you/they + were
10. Use Past Perfect for:
1. A short past action that happened before another past action (I had done my
homework before mum came home from work.);
1. A short past action that happened before a moment in the past (By the end of
the day yesterday I had cleaned the whole flat.);
1. With words before, after, by, by the time, as soon as, when (+ all Present
Perfect Markers)
11. Past Perfect Continuous Form:
+ S + had been +Ving
-S + hadn’t been + Ving
? Had + S + been + Ving
12. Use Past Perfect Continuous for:
◦A long past action that was happening for some time
before another past action (I had been working there
for 50 years when they fired me.)
13. Used to
Used to refers to states or actions in the past that
happened in the past but do not happen now.
+ We used to hang out together all the time.
- We didn’t use to hang out together all the time.
? Did you use to hang out together all the time?
14. Would
You can also use would for repeated actions in the
past (but not states).
I would get up, have breakfast ...We’d spend every
moment together. I would never have any ambitions.
I never used to have any ambitions.
15. Keep + … -ing
To show that something happened many times or for
longer than expected, use keep + …-ing
The rain kept falling and we kept listening.
