ปรัชญาและหลักการวิจัยในรูปแบบต่าง ๆ (ดร.เจษฎา โพนแก้ว)

1. ดรดร..เจษฎา โพนแก้วเจษฎา โพนแก้ว
Ph.D. (Computer Science)Ph.D. (Computer Science)
ปรัชญาและหลักการวิจัยในปรัชญาและหลักการวิจัยใน
รูปแบบต่าง ๆรูปแบบต่าง ๆ

2. ชื่อ-นามสกุล: ดร. เจษฎา
โพนแก้วปีที่จบการ
ศึกษา
ระดับปริญญา วุฒิการศึกษา สถานการศึกษา
2535 อนุปริญญา
เทคนิคการแพทย์ สาขา
รังสีเทคนิค
โรงเรียนรังสีเทคนิค โรง
พยาบาลจุฬาลงกรณ์
จ.กรุงเทพมหานคร
2543 ปริญญาตรี
วศ.บ. (สาขาไฟฟ้า
อิเล็กทรอนิกส์ และ
คอมพิวเตอร์)
มหาวิทยาลัยอุบลราชธานี
จ.อุบลราชธานี
2548 ปริญญาโท
วท.ม. (วิทยาการ
คอมพิวเตอร์)
มหาวิทยาลัยขอนแก่น
จ.ขอนแก่น
2555 ปริญญาเอก
Ph.D. (Computer
Science)
มหาวิทยาลัยขอนแก่น
จ.ขอนแก่น
ประวัติ

3. ทุนวิจัยที่ได้รับการสนับสนุน
ลำาดั
บ
ปีงบประมา
ณ
แหล่งทุน ชื่อเรื่อง
1 2557 มหาวิทยาลัย
ราชภัฏ
ศรีสะเกษ
ระบบให้บริการเชื่อมต่อ
แบบมาตรฐาน
บนฐานข้อมูลทะเบียนของ
มหาวิทยาลัยราชภัฏ
ศรีสะเกษ
2 2558 สำานักงานคณะ
กรรมการวิจัยแห่ง่
ชาติ (วช.)
การพัฒนาโปรแกรมภาษา
มือไทยพูดได้
3 2558 สำานักงานคณะ
กรรมการการ
อุดมศึกษา (สกอ.)
การพัฒนาโปรแกรม
วิเคราะห์ลายผ้าไหมมัดหมี่
ของชน 4 เผ่าเพื่อระบุแหล่ง
ที่มาในจังหวัดศรีสะเกษ

4. ความฝัน

5. ผลงาน

6. ผลงาน

7. ผลงาน

8. วัตถุประสงค์การเรียนรู้
1. อธิบายปรัชญาและหลักการวิจัย
2.ระบุจรรยาบรรณการวิจัยและแนวการ
ปฏิบัติให้สอดคล้องกับจรรยาบรรณ

9. กว่าเราจะเป็นเราในวันนี้
ที่มา: http://www.sciencedreams.eu/

10. วิวัฒนาการด้านวัฒนธรรมของ
มนุษย์
ที่มา: https://bilingualiesae.files.wordpress.com

11. วิทยาศาสตร์และเทคโนโลย
สมัยเริ่มแรก
ที่มา: http://ecx.images-

12. Discovery & Knowledge
Natural
Science
 โลกวัตถุ
 ข้อมูล
ประจักษ์
 รูปธรรม

Sensatio
n
12
Social Science
 ปฏิสัมพันธ์
 พฤติกรรม
Humanity
 inner side
 คุณค่า ความ
รู้สึก
อารมณ์, ความ
คิด
 คุณลักษณะ
นามธรรม
ปรัชญา คุณ
งาม
ความดี สุนท

13. When you start doing research you
need to grip with some basic
concepts of research philosophy.
13
PHILOSOPHY OF RESEARCH
ที่มา: http://www.management.utm.my

14. • The Longman dictionary (1995) defines research
as “the studious study of a subject, that is
intended to discover new facts or test new ideas;
the activity of finding information about
something that one is interested in or needs to
know about”
• The process of finding solutions to a problem
after a thorough study and analysis
(Sekaran,2006)
• Systematic inquiry that provides information to
guide decision (Cooper & Schindler, 2001)
• Is research always problem-solving based? Yes.
What is Research?
14
ที่มา: http://www.management.utm.my

15. • Paradigm is an interpretative framework, which is
guided by "a set of beliefs and feelings about the
world and how it should be understood and studied."
(Guba, 1990).
• Denzin and Lincoln (2001) listed three categories of
those beliefs:
• Ontology: what kind of being is the human being.
Ontology deals with the question of what is real.
• Epistemology: what is the relationship between the
inquirer and the known: "epistemology is the branch
of philosophy that studies the nature of knowledge
and the process by which knowledge is acquired and
validated" (Gall, Borg, & Gall, 1996)
• Methodology: how do we know the world, or gain
Research Paradigm
15ที่มา: http://www.management.utm.my

16. • Application of scientific method to the
investigation of relationships among natural
phenomenon, or to solve a medical or technical
problem.
• The scientific method is the means by which
researchers are able to make conclusive
statements about their studies with a minimum
of bias.
What is Scientific Resear
16
ที่มา: http://www.management.utm.my

17. • Interpretive research focuses on analytically
disclosing those meaning-making practices, while
showing how those practices configure to
generate observable outcomes.
• Interpretive research is an approach to research
in the human sciences that recognizes the
paradigmatic character of all research.
Interpretative Research
17ที่มา: http://www.management.utm.my

18. • Research that involves a formal
analysis and evaluation of a text,
production, or performance.
Critiquing criteria are the
standards, rules, or tests that serve
as the bases for judgments.
Critical Research
18ที่มา: http://www.management.utm.my

19. Empricism
• Empiricism proclaims that experiments and observation are the
main instruments for the acquisition of knowledge
Positivism
• Exploring social reality based on philosophical ideas with the
emphasis of observation and reason as means of understanding
human behaviour. Scientific methods are used as a means of
knowledge generation.
Anti-positivism
• Social reality is viewed and interpreted by the individual
according to his or her ideological positions. Therefore,
knowledge is of person’s experience rather than acquired from
or imposed from outside. Reality is multi-layered and complex
and a single phenomenon is having multiple interpretations.
Critical Theory
• Exploring an existing phenomena to develop theory
Research Paradigm: Schools of
thought
19ที่มา: http://www.management.utm.my

20. • Epistemology: To do with our beliefs about
how one might discover knowledge about
the world
• Ontology: To do with our assumptions
about how the world is made up and the
nature of things
• Methodology: To do with the tools and
techniques of research
• Relationship of the three: Epistemological
and ontological positions should have some20
Epistemology, Ontology and Methodolog
ที่มา: http://www.management.utm.my

21. • Knowledge is a familiarity with someone or
something, which can include information, facts,
descriptions, or skills acquired through
experience or education.
• Plato defined knowledge as "justified true belief."
• Theoretical or practical understanding of a
subject.
• Implicit knowledge (as with practical skill or
expertise)
• Explicit knowledge (as with the theoretical
What is knowledge
21

22. • Knowledge is sometimes considered as
justified true belief.
• However this is insufficient because one
must have a reason or justification for
that belief.
• There are situations in which a belief may
be justified and true and yet not as
knowledge
• Knowledge is distinct from belief and
opinion.
•
22
Defining Knowledge
ที่มา: http://www.management.utm.my

23. • The study of our method of acquiring knowledge.
• The explanation of how we think.
• It answers the question, "How do we know?" I
• It encompasses the nature of concepts, the
constructing of concepts, the validity of the
senses, logical reasoning, as well as thoughts,
ideas, memories, emotions, and all thingsmental.
• It is concerned with how our minds are related
to reality, and whether these relationships are
valid or invalid.
What is Epistemology
23ที่มา: http://www.management.utm.my

24. • Epistemology comes from the Greek words
episteme (knowledge) and it is a branch of
philosophy that deals with the ratio, origin and
scope of knowledge
• It attempts to answer the basic question of what
distinguishes true (adequate) knowledge from
false (inadequate) knowledge.
• It relates to truth and belief.
24
Epistemology
ที่มา: http://www.management.utm.my

25. To determine the true from the false
by determining a proper method of
evaluation.
Importance of Epistemolo
25ที่มา: http://www.management.utm.my

26. What are the key elements of a proper
Epistemology?
• Senses are used to gain information about the
world.
• Reason is the method of gaining knowledge, and
acquiring understanding.
• Logic is the method of maintaining consistency
within the set of knowledge.
• Objectivity is the means of associating knowledge
with reality to determine its validity.
• Concepts are abstracts of specific details of
reality, or of other abstractions. A proper
epistemology is a rational epistemology.
Key Elements of a Proper
Epistemology
26ที่มา: http://www.management.utm.my

27. It involves complex cognitive
processes:
Perception
Communication
Association
Reasoning
Knowledge Acquisition
27ที่มา: http://www.management.utm.my

28. • Ontology is the study or concern about what
kinds of things exist.
• Ontology comes from the Greek words onto
which means something that exists, and logos
which means logical knowledge.
• Definition: An ontology may take a variety of
forms, but necessarily it will include a vocabulary
of terms, and some specification of their
meaning. This includes definitions and an
indication of how concepts are inter-related
which collectively impose a structure on the
domain and constrain the possible
interpretations of terms 28
What is an Ontology
ที่มา: http://www.management.utm.my

29. • Gruber defines an ontology as “the
specification of conceptualisations, used to
help programmes and humans share
knowledge
• The conceptualiztion is the couching of
knowledge about the world in terms of
entitities (things, the relationships they
hold and the constraints between them)
• Explaining / describing in terms of
etimology, terminology, philosophy of the
research variables, research title, problem
statement, research questions and 29
What is an Ontology - Con
ที่มา: http://www.management.utm.my

30. Research paradigm: Positivism
Research Approach: Quantitative
Research Methods: Survey, longitudinal,
cross-sectional, correlation, experiments
Examples: Attitude of foreign students
towards UTM registration system,
Relationship between student’s financial
position and their academic performance,
Effect of emotional intelligence on
learning effectiveness.
Selection of Research Paradigm
and research
30

31. Research paradigm: Anti positivism
Research Approach: Qualitative
Research methods: Biographical,
phenomenological, ethnological, case-
study
Examples: A study of autobiography of Ibn
Khaldun or Ahmad Nejad or Zia ul-Haq,
A study of effective management among
female managers, A case-study of UTM
distance learning programme.
Selection of Research Paradigm and
research methods (2)
31

32. Research paradigm: Critical Theory
Research Approach: Critical and Action-
oriented
Research methods: ideology critique and
action research
Examples: A study of industrial development
in Malaysia during the Mahathir’s time; A
study class absenteeism among Muslim
students during the month of Ramadan.
32
Selection of Research Paradigm and
research methods (3)

33. Applied Research
Applying the result of research finding to solve specific
problem happening in an organization. The aim is to solve
current problem
Basic Research
Enhancing the understanding of certain problem that
commonly occur in organization setting and seek method
of solving them. The aim is to generate knowledge,
understand phenomena/problem that occur in various
organization setting
Action research
is either research initiated to solve an immediate problem
or a reflective process of progressive problem solving led by
individuals working with others in teams or as part of a
Types of Research
33ที่มา: http://www.management.utm.my

34. Quantity Research
o Quantity research provide the statistic evaluation of
the researched phenomenon
o People’s behavior is pre-defined as regular and
predictable
o Usually applied to large groups of people that may
represent the opinion of the population
o Research data is numerical
o Research results are generalized and can be used to
evaluate large groups of people
o Research report provides data that is usually
presented in graphic visual form
Types of Research
34ที่มา: http://www.management.utm.my

35. Quality Research
o Quality researches help to understand and interpret
social life and interactions
o Quality research treats human behavior as dynamic
and situation related
o Researches isolated cases, does not lean to
representativeness
o Research data is usually either in word format or are
presented visually
Types of Research
35ที่มา: http://www.management.utm.my

36.  Provides scientific information and theories
 Follows a certain structural process though the step
order may
vary depending on the subject matter and researcher
 The following steps are usually part of the most
formal
research both basic and applied
 Observations and Formation of the topic
 Hypothesis
 Conceptual definitions
 Operational definition
 Gathering of data
 Analysis of data
 Test, reviving of hypothesis
 Conclusion 36
Scientific Research
ที่มา: http://www.management.utm.my

37. • The goal of the research process is to
produce new knowledge.
• This process takes three main forms
1.Exploratory research which structures and
identifies new problems
2.Constructive research which develops
solutions to a problem
3.Empirical research which tests the
feasibility of a solution using empirical
evidence.
37
Research Mehtods
ที่มา: http://www.management.utm.my

38. • PhD : Theoretical Gap: Improving
the latest theory on research focus;
There is contribution of new
knowledge.
• Master: Empirical gap: Application
of tested theoretical framework to
solve current problems.
Level of Research
38ที่มา: http://www.management.utm.my

39. Step 1 - Choose your topic.
Step 2 - Find basic information.
Step 3 - Refine your topic.
Step 4 - Locate and retrieve materials.
Step 5 - Evaluate relevancies of
materials.
Step 6 - Take notes.
Step 7 - Construct your project. Writing
Research Process
39ที่มา: http://www.management.utm.my

40. –ปรัชญาการวิจัย
การคิดสู่การปฏิบัติเพื่อประโยชน์ของผ
อื่น

41. จรรยาบรรณการวิจัย- Research eth

42. จรรยาบรรณการวิจัย- Resear
ethics

43. หลักการ- Principles of ethics
concern
1. ไม่มีการคัดลอกผลงานผู้อื่นมาเป็นของตน
(Plagiarism)
2. การดำาเนินการปราศจากความลำาเอียง (Bias)
3. ไม่มีการล่วงละเมิดกฏเกณฑ์ (Violation)
4. ไม่มีการบิดเบือน (Distortion)

44. ข้อควรปฏิบัติสำาหรับนักวิจัย